Newton mtundu gudumu. Gulu la mitundu.

Mtundu gudumu Newton ndi umboni fanizo gulu la mitundu mtundu kuzungulira bwalo, zimene zikusonyeza ubale pakati pa mitundu zofunika, komanso sekondale, ukachenjede ndi zina zotero.

Mtundu gudumu

Ena amanena mawu akuti "mtundu wheel" ndi "mtundu wheel" mofanana. Zikhulupiriro onse angakhale ambiri m'madera ena Mwachitsanzo, dzina la "mtundu wheel" ntchito zipangizo makina onsewo. Pali zina mfundo: a chimbale wachikuda, matchati mtundu ndi mitundu. Malo osankhidwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kuwala.

Woyamba mtundu gudumu anaonekera pafupifupi imodzi ndi oyambirira lachinsinsi chiphunzitso mtundu. Zimenezi timaupeza m'mabuku a wotchuka zachinsinsi ndi sayansi ofufuza XVII-XX atumwi. Pamodzi ndi Newton anali Goethe, Itten, Mansell, Field ndi ena. Lachinsinsi mabwalo wachikuda anapeza ntchito yake yeniyeni mu malo oyamba kupenta. Mtundu gudumu Newton (yemwe chithunzi aikidwa m'nkhani) tsopano - yofunika zikuluzikulu chida kaloristiki.

Isaak Nyuton: ndi systematization wa mtundu gudumu

Makonzedwe mitundu kawalidwe mu litayamba ndi chinkhoswe Sir Isaak Nyuton, akuti mtundu chifukwa zimadalira yokoka yeniyeni ndi barycenter chopeza kutanthauzira kwa mtunda zozungulira (kuchokera pakati pa bwalo ku malo yokoka). Choncho, mtundu gudumu ndi kalambulabwalo wa makono Newton chithunzi.

Mbiri ya mtundu

Psychophysical mtundu gudumu chiphunzitso kunayamba mtundu oyambirira makona Thomas Young, amene ankagwira ntchito ina anawonjezera James Maxwell ndi Hermann Von Helmholtz. Recent hypothesized kuti diso lili ndi maselo amene amathandiza zomverera atatu osiyana chachikulu, wotchedwa sipekitiramu kuwala. Maxwell anasonyeza zina zabwino zonse, koma si mitundu yonse akhoza analenga kuchokera ku zitatu - wofiira, wobiriwira ndi buluu, ngati iwo ali osokonezeka mu kufanana lamanja.

ziwembu mtundu

The zomveka mitundu mitundu ntchito zosiyanasiyana TV. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito maziko woyera ndi malemba wakuda ndi chitsanzo cha ambiri mtundu chiwembu ndi kusakhulupirika mu ukonde kamangidwe. The zambiri ntchito awiri mitundu zooneka bwino pamodzi. madera awa ntchito kulenga kalembedwe ndi pempho, komanso chifukwa tanthauzo zokongoletsa wa ngakhale.

More patsogolo kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri osakaniza, nthawi zambiri zochokera padziko mtundu umodzi Mwachitsanzo, lemba ndi mitundu monga wofiira, wachikasu, lalanje ndi kuwala buluu anakonza pamodzi pa wakuda maziko m'nkhani magazini. Madera amathanso akupanga mithunzi zosiyanasiyana mtundu, kuyambira Kuwala (pafupifupi woyera) kuti mdima kwambiri.

Newton ndi mtundu sipekitiramu

Newton mtundu gudumu ndi njira yachidule zowonjezera chimangirizo wosakanizira mitundu katundu, wamkulu amene ayitanidwa Kugwirizana ndi kutayidwa moyang'anizana wina ndi mzake. Dongosolo la kaikidwe awo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi timaganiza za makulidwe chogwirizana. Kumapeto kwa 1660s, ndi Newton akuyamba kuyetsa chodabwitsa wowala.

Pa nthawi tinkakhulupirira kuti dziko - ndi zosemphana ndi mdima. kumvetsa yathu ino ya kuwala ndi mtundu akuyamba ndi Isaaka Nyutona (1642-1726 gg.), Ndipo mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano, zomwe anafalitsa mu 1672. Iye ali woyamba amene anaona utawaleza - pogwiritsa ntchito prism ananyema kuunika woyera, amene nawonso, linayamba kuwala iridescent mithunzi.

Mosiyana kuwala

Wotchuka zozungulira makonzedwe a mitundu kawalidwe anaonekera mu 1704 ku England. Newton choyambirira mtundu gudumu limapangidwa ofiira, achikasu, zobiriwira, cyan buluu, ultramarine buluu, Violet buluu. Ojambula zithunzi ankachita chidwi ndi chionetsero bwino kuti anapatsa Isaak Nyuton. Mtundu gudumu - ndi mfundo zothandiza kwambiri kwa amisiri, amene anali njira cilamulo wa maluwa padziko circumference a. tchatichi wakhala chitsanzo chimene kachitidwe mtundu XVIII-XIX zaka. okonza ambiri ayamba kupezeka kulenga wokongola phale la mithunzi osiyana.

Gawo

The mitundu waukulu amaonedwa kukhala buluu, wofiira ndi wachikasu. Yoyenera sekondale - wobiriwira, lalanje ndi chibakuwa (kapena violet). Ukachenjede mtundu popangidwa ndi kusakaniza yachiwiri ndi yaikulu komanso ma: wobiriwira-chikasu, lachikasu lalanje, lalanje-wofiira, utoto wofiirira, purplish buluu ndi buluu wobiriwira.

Mmodzi wa classifications ano ntchito mwa okonza, muli magawano zotsatirazi mitundu:

• Kuwala ndi pastel mitundu, amene zowoneka patsogolo danga.
• Mdima ndi kwambiri mitundu kuti kulenga chitonthozo, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa danga.
• Kuli mitundu (buluu, wobiriwira, wofiirira), amene ali ndi udindo kupanga bata ndi kumasula mlengalenga.
• Ofunda mitundu: Zikuphatikizapo wachikasu, wofiira ndi lalanje mithunzi. Iwo kubweretsa mkati mwa dzuwa ndi kukhudza zosangalatsa.