Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich: zilandiridwenso ndi lalifupi yonena za Nabokov

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi yochepa yonena za Nabokov, Russian ndi American wolemba, wotsutsa zolembalemba ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Mu mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 20, wolemba ali ndi malo apadera mu malo oyamba chifukwa Nabokov analemba zilankhulo ziwiri - Russian ndi English. Iye anakhala tingachipeze powerenga mabuku onse Russian ndi American, walenga ntchito zambiri mu Mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Komanso, wolemba Nabokov unalipo mu America. Mu Russia inasindikizidwa pamaso kusamuka pansi pa pseudonym Vladimir Sirin. Ngakhale wolemba kusiyana mabuku, ntchito Nabokov a amakhala ndi okhulupirika ndi mgwirizano kaonedwe luso.

ubwana

Mwachidule yonena za Nabokov akuyamba April 24, 1899 ku St. Petersburg. Tsiku lomwelo, wolemba tsogolo anabadwa. Bambo ake anali wa m'banja lachifumu cholowa, ndi wandale wotchuka ndi loya-owolowa manja. mayi wolembayo, Helena, anachokera mtundu wa Gold Rukavishnikov. Childhood Vladimir unachitikira St. Petersburg, banja kumanzere kwa malo m'chilimwe cha baht.

Atatsala pang'ono October kuukira boma Nabokov maphunziro Tenishev School ulemu, osati kusukulu, komanso masewera.

emigration

Mwachidule yonena za Nabokov anapitiriza mu 1918, pamene iye ndi banja lake akuthamanga Crimea, ndipo patapita chaka, kusiya Russia muyaya. Nabokovs anakakhala Berlin. Apa Vladimir Vladimirovich anapita ku University Cambridge ndipo anamaliza mu 1922.

Ataphunzira Nabokov kuyambira mu 1922 mpaka 1937 anakhala mu Berlin, kenako anasamukira ku France. Komabe, Iye anakhala zaka ziwiri ndipo mu 1940, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana, amene anadzakhala woimba wa sewero Milan, ku America, anakakhala ku United States, pamene iye anatha zaka 20. Apo iye anali nawo kulemba ndi kuphunzitsa mabuku Russian ndi achilendo pa University Cornell. Choncho, kuwoloka wolemera Nabokova mbiri.

A chidule cha masiku akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi 1945, pamene wolemba anakhala nzika American. Mu America, wolemba wotchuka monga tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi inunso. Chidwi agulugufe kusonkhanitsa, Nabokov anali chibadidwe mwana.

Russia mu ntchito za Nabokov

Mwachidule yonena za Nabokov limati mu 1959, wolemba akubwerera ku Europe. Apa iye anakakhala Switzerland, kumene mpaka imfa yake.

Nabokov mwamsanga pamalo wapadera mu mabwalo mu Paris ndipo Berlin zolembalemba kunja kwa Palestina. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti Russia, Vladimir Vladimirovich n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi amene ankafotokozedwa Bunin, Zaitsev. Shmelev ndi Kuprin.

Mu Russia, Nabokov mizinda ayi kuzindikira kapena midzi. otchulidwa wake sizionekaoneka mabuku Russian, iwo sangakhoze zimachitika kalasi iliyonse. Kodi sizodabwitsa, koma osati ntchito Nabokov ndi kuwonetsera kwa October kuukira boma, lomwe linasintha moyo zonse mwachizolowezi wa anthu otchuka Russian.

Mu ntchito za wolemba Russian zikuoneka ngati chithunzi cha ubwana anataya. Nabokov akuupereka wofatsa ndi dziko ogwirizana. Dziko yabata chimwemwe ndi chisangalalo. Iye alibe kuwonongeka, kupweteka palibe dothi. Pakuti Nabokov, dziko la kwawo aonekera atapanga kukongola ndi ukulu.

Ntchito mu Russian

Mwachidule yonena Nabokova V. V. N'zosatheka aziona ntchito yake. Wolemba kudzitcha mtengo zofunika kwambiri za ntchito zake chinenero wangwiro. Zimenezi zikugwira onse kuti ntchito yake Russian ndi achilendo. Komabe, wopanda ndi English chofunika ndi khama lalikulu Nabokov, chifukwa iye analemba nthawi yaitali yekha m'chinenero chawo. Chinenero china anathandiza Nabokov osati zikuchokera ntchito zake, komanso ntchito yomasulira mabuku Russian (Lermontov, Pushkin, Tiutchev).

Komabe, ntchito Nabokov mu zinenero zosiyana ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Choncho, chifukwa mabuku ake Chirasha yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: Russian ngwazi anakumbukira monga Paradaiso Wotayika; wotsutsana ndi wodziimira kulenga umunthu wa kuyesa kudzachotsa ufulu wawo. Ichi ndi choona pa ntchito zotsatirazi: "Mphatso", "Kutaya", "The Luzhin Odziteteza".

mfundo kulenga

Koposa zonse, Vladimir Nabokov (yonena mwachidule pamwamba) sanathe kulekerera zoyipa. mawu awa anaitana zili zophweka kwambiri. Auve - kuti bourgeoisie mu mawonekedwe mu umene anazindikira Flaubert. Ndiko kuti, zochitika komwe nzeru, mbiri kapena makhalidwe infringes luso. N'chifukwa chake Nabokov natsutsa André Malraux, Thomas Mann ndi Dostoevsky. Ndipo Gogol analemekeza si kwa ndalama ndi makhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi kufotokoza za "mwamuna wamng'ono," ndi chinenero zokongola ndi kalembedwe.

Zoyipa pa Nabokov - zofunikira mu nzika mabuku. Choncho, kudana kwambiri ndi chosintha-demokalase podzudzula Russia. Mfundo imeneyi anasonyeza kwathunthu kwambiri mu buku "Mphatso." Nabokov zoyenera chaputala chimodzi cha kufotokoza mankhwala moyo wa Nikolai Chernyshevsky, wotchuka chosintha demokalase.

Wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti chinthu chachikulu zaluso - zokongoletsa zokondweretsa munthu osati phindu othandiza. A chiwonetsero cha zonyansa Nabokov ankaganiza ndi opondereza, monga Hitler ndi Stalin. Zionetsero zimenezi zimaonekera Kunena "Mu Woipa Yemwe", "Kuitana ku chilango ndi" kusewera "Waltz Kutulukira", "Decimation ankhanza" nkhani "mkanda" ndi ena.

The ngwazi ya dziko Nabokov a - wojambula, munthu ndi mphatso kulenga. Mwachitsanzo, Fyodor Godunov-Cherdyntsev, dzina lake Aleksandr Luzhin, Cincinnatus, ndi ena. Khalidwe lotero umatchulidwatchulidwa chakuti amakakamizidwa kuti amenyane dziko lonse, kuteteza ufulu wawo.

mabuku American

Iye anavutika ambiri mwa maganizo cha ntchito yake English mabuku Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Mwachidule yonena za wolemba kumaphatikizapo onse ntchito yake, kotero ife tikhoza kulephera osanenapo ntchito kuti zinalengedwa kunja.

Iwo anakhalabe mu zilandiridwenso Nabokov mbali yaikulu ya ntchito zake - chinenero. Stylist ndi kunyozedwa ndi zinthu - ndicho chimene kwenikweni amanyadira Vladimir Vladimirovich.

Pakuti mabuku American wa Nabokov ( "woyera kuwala", ndi "moyo weniweniwo a Sebastian Knight," "Lankhulani, Memory", "Shores Other", "Bend Woipa Yemwe" ndi ena.) Amakhala ndi kusiyana luso chowonadi monga woona ndi chowonadi monga munthu wabwinobwino zakuda ndi ufumu zoyipa.

"Lolita" (Nabokov)

Wambiri ndi zilandiridwenso, mwachidule kukufotokozedwa pano, si zotheka popanda kutchula za maganizo ndi lofunika Romana Nabokova - "Lolita" (1955). Izi ndi ntchito yokhayo ya wolemba, amene anamasulira mu Russian.

Chifukwa cha chiwembu cha "Lolita" anali chikondi nkhani ya mbuye wamkulu ndipo mtsikana wa khumi ndi ziwiri. Komabe, chiwembu - basi ulemerero kwa chifanizo cha angst existential. Apachiyambi mankhwala tichipeza mu kusakaniza kufanana. Mu yapita ntchito za Nabokov anali kuoneka bwino kusiyana pakati pa zoyipa ndi weniweni talente. Ndipo mu "Lolita", maiko awiriwa ali osokonezeka, anapatukana n'zosatheka.

The mbali yaikulu, Lolita, pa dzanja limodzi, ndiye chimake cha zoyipa. Koma mu mtsikana mmodzi zina ukuonekera "zosamvetsetseka, zoyera chikondi."

"Lolita" ngakhale ozunguza ake, limakupatsani kuona woona zaluso dziko la Nabokov. Dzikoli ndi oweruza womwewo wa aesthetics, monga wolemba yekha.

Nthano za Nabokov

Pali nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti n'kosiyana olemba ena Russian Vladimir Nabokov mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro tebulo mosavuta mfundo imeneyi. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona ndithu. Choyamba, palibe angatsutse kupitiriza ndi wolemba mabuku Russian, ndi zambiri makamaka M. Lermontovu ndi A. S. Pushkinu Yu.. Kachiwiri, Nabokov yekha nthawi zonse ndi ulemu waukulu ndi maganizo ulemu zilandiridwenso L. N. Tolstogo. Pamene Vladimir Vladimirovich lectured za wolemba, anapanga akutsindika mfundo yakuti Tolstoy zambiri pabanja zithunzi wophiphiritsa.

Komanso chiweruzo zolakwika kuti Nabokov ndi ozizira esthete amene ali okonzeka kulandira amorality ndipo wachikondi mlendo. M'malo mwake, wolembayo mwachangu kutsutsa despotism ndi chiwawa mu mawonekedwe ake onse. Potsilizira pake malo Nabokov ndi wokoma mtima.

"Gehena"

Ichi ndi buku lomaliza linalembedwa ndi Nabokov. ntchito Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri kwa onse wolemba ndigwira anakhazikitsa. Komanso, "Hell" ndi takambiranazi postmodern buku, monga mankhwala wamangidwa pa njira zofunika zikuchikazi - intertext.

Zofunika n'chakuti Nabokov osokonezeka mu chilengedwe chake cha Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi miyambo stylistic. Ndi ntchito postmodern "Hell" umabweretsa pamodzi ndi kukhala wowala ndi masewera anayamba parody. Osati mwangozi Nabokov ntchito mitundu chinenero china, kuyambira mkulu-syllable ndi kutha slang pafupifupi msewu - zonse kuti tiyambe ntchito ya owerenga, pofuna kutsindika chikhalidwe cha ntchito yake.

Iwo kenako mapeto yonena za Nabokov. Mwachidule za waukulu chinthu zanenedwa pamwambapa Komabe, pali mtembo anatchula imfa ya wolemba. V. V. Nabokov anafa July 3, 1977 ku Switzerland.