Costa Hetagurov: yonena mwachidule, chithunzi, kulenga Khetagurova Costa Levanovich

Costa Hetagurov, amene yonena ndi mafani chenicheni chidwi luntha woona - mmisiri ndi ziboliboli, ndakatulo ndi mphunzitsi, kunyada Ossetia, woyambitsa wa chinenero ndi mabuku a strany.Tvorcheskoe cholowa Costa analandira m'nthawi ya 20 ndi kuzindikira dziko-wamphumphu, ndi ndakatulo yake ndi ndakatulo amasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.

Wambiri Costa Khetagurova mwachidule: ana

Anabadwa October 15, 1859 m'mudzi phiri la Nar m'banja la Russian chizindikiro Khetagurova Levan. Mama Maria Gubaeva anamwalira pasanapite nthawi kuchokera pamene anabadwa, atate wa zaka zisanu pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake anayamba banja ndi mwana wa wansembe. Mwatsoka, m'malo mwana ndi mayi ake sizinayende chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chikondi kwa mnyamata wake nonnative. Costa ndi kuchisonyeza nthawizonse ndayesera kuti nditalikane ndi mkazi watsopano atate wake achoke kwa wina ndi achibale. Choncho, ndakatulo iyi, amene kukumbukira nthawizonse kukhala kupweteka Amasiye ndi mosatsata chikondi ubwana akuchikazi, chithunzi wamba wa mayi ndi wrench pa izo. Bakha ndi mwana kwathunthu m'malo mwa bambo amene Costa kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndi kulambiridwa.

Costa Hetagurov: zaka za chidziwitso

maphunziro mnyamata inayamba sukulu Narva, zamkaka ndipo kenako mu Vladikavkaz, amene anapereka chiyambi chabwino kwa makhalidwe, maganizo, zokongoletsa angathe kukwaniritsa umunthu wake luso. Posachedwapa zolimbitsa thupi Costa anathamangira kwa bambo ake, amene pa nthawiyo anasamukira kudera Kuban, komwe analinganiza m'mudzi Georgievski Ossetia (tsopano - dzina lake Costa Khetagurova). Zimenezi chinachititsa makolo kukonza achinyamata Kalandzhinskoe sukulu, kenako Costa kwa zaka 10 kuphunzitsa mu Stavropol zolimbitsa thupi anachitika kuyambira 1871, kumene anapitiriza kukula chikhalidwe. N'kumene woyamba mizere ndakatulo zinalembedwa, amene panopa anapulumuka ntchito awiri okha chinenero Ossetian: "Chaka Chatsopano" ndi "mwamuna ndi mkazi".

Mu Ossetia lakwawo

Mu 1881, Costa Hetagurov, mbiri ndi zinthu zimene zili mbali ya mbiri ya anthu Ossetian, anadzakhala wophunzira wa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana na analandira imodzi ya maphunziro awiri analipira ku chilango phiri chimachititsa Kuban makonzedwe dera. Patatha zaka 2, kupereka maphunziro Kuban akuluakulu wakhala anasiya; pamene Costa anapezeka nkhani za mongodzipereka, ndiye iye anaponya maphunziro ake onse. Mnyamata, nthawi zonse kufunira dziko lakwawo, mbadwa chikhalidwe ndi chinenero zinthu, anaganiza zobwerera ku Ossetia. Mpaka 1891 iye ankakhala Vladikavkaz, analemba makamaka Russian, ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo, ndi ntchito zojambula utoto waika zisudzo. Costa Hetagurov, amene yonena ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha chikondi ndi ulemu kwa anthu ake, ngakhale anasonyeza zojambula wake pamodzi ndi Russian wojambula Babic AG Analinganiza kuti madzulo nyimbo-zolembalemba, ndi lofalitsidwa kuyambira 1888 mu nyuzipepala dera "North Caucasus".

Kufufuza ndi Costa

Monga anthu onse aluso, Costa anali kulimbana ndi kufufuza. Kwa nthawi yoyamba tanthauzo la zimene analemba chinthu choletsedwa, ndi ndakatulo, pamene yosindikiza sankandilola ndakatulo odzipereka pokumbukira Mihaila Lermontova. Inasindikizidwa, zaka khumi kenako, ndipo mosadziwika. kufufuza anachita ndi momveka bwino: mu Lermontov ndakatulo anaona kalambulabwalo anakhumba ufulu, kuwukitsa anthu kumenyera nkhondo ulemu ndi chinthu chachikulu. Pambuyo Ossetian chenicheni wa nthawi imeneyo anali basi woopsa: wathunthu mphamvu ndi umphawi, mikangano makhalidwe ndi kalasi, zipsyinjo zauzimu ndi umbuli wa anthu, woyendayendawu kwa zaka zambiri. Kuona zotsutsana za chowonadi ndi kusanthula lolunjika pa ndakatulo "Wolira Rock", "m'khoti la", "Fatima", ndi ethnographic sewero la "wapadera". Mu 1891, ntchito kwa volnolyubiya Costa Hetagurov (yonena limafotokozedwa mwachidule mu mabuku Ossetia) anatumidwa kunja kwa dziko kwawo kwa zaka 5.

Costa anakakamizika kubwerera kumudzi Georgievski Ossetia, komwe bambo ake okalamba moyo. Anayamba mwina ovuta kwambiri nthawi mu moyo wa ndakatulo iyi: iye amayenera kusamalira makolo okalamba, kupirira kuli ndi moyo wa munthu wamba yosavuta, n'kuthamangitsidwa chilengedwe mwachizolowezi chikhalidwe ndi analibe mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito luso lanu ndi chidziwitso kuti chifukwa aliyense woyenera.

A yovuta mu moyo a ndakatulo iyi

Mu moyo payekha, nayenso, osati chilichonse chinalakwika: chibwenzi cha Anna Tsalikov - wokondedwa mtsikana zinathera ndi kukana aulemu. Bambo ake anamwalira ndi ndakatulo. Atamwalira Kosta Levanovich Hetagurov, amene yonena wakhala kugwirizana ndi ntchito, anasamukira ku Stavropol. Mu 1893 anakhala wantchito wa nyuzipepala "North Caucasus", komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka 4. Iyo inali nthawi yodziwika ndi yogwira kulenga ntchito Ossetian wolemba Choncho, zaka izi angayenerere kuonedwa sitepe kwambiri kutsogolo kwa osadziwika ndakatulo amakonda Costa Hetagurov anakhala kwambiri zolembalemba chithunzi cha nthawi yake. Mu 1985, zosonkhanitsira nyuzipepala ya ntchito zake linasindikizidwa: iwo anali onse mu Russian. Costa komanso Hetagurov, amene yonena nkhani mibadwo yonse zaka analemba Ossetian lakwawo, koma ndakatulo chinenerochi kusindikizidwa saloledwa chifukwa pakalibe onse Ossetian buku yosindikiza ndi atolankhani.

Costa Hetagurov: lalifupi yonena

Posachedwapa ndakatulo kudwala chifuwa cha TB, iye wakupirira ntchito awiri anatsala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chigonere. Matendawa sichinayambe definitively anagonjetsedwa, amadwaladwala, koma Costa, ngakhale thupi, iye anayesera kuti atenge mbali mu moyo zolembalemba, ndipo anapitiriza kujambula.

Mu 1899, Costa Hetagurov, amene yonena kumagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu Ossetian, anapita Kherson - malo ena a ukapolo. City sanali iye, ndipo iye anapempha kusamukira kwina, amene anali Ochakov. N'kumene anaphunzira kuti onse zosonkhanitsira womwewo wa ndakatulo wake Ossetian "Ossetian azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala," linasindikizidwa mu Vladikavkaz. M'nyengo yozizira 1899 wolemba ndakatulo inauzidwa za kutha kwa zolozerazo, mogwirizana ndi zomwe anabwerera Stavropol, wofunitsitsa kuti apitirize ntchito mu nyuzipepala, utolankhani wake wakhala kovuta ndi mabvuto. wolemba amatenga nawo mbali mu zochitika zonse za chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro a lonse m'deralo, chinkhoswe mu kupenta, ntchito pa ndakatulo "Hetag". Zolinga za kutsegula sukulu zojambula ana amphatso ndi ntchito ya mkonzi wa nyuzipepala "Kazbek". Komabe, kupewedwa odzitukumula mapulani matenda kwathunthu chidwi ndi ndakatulo kwa bedi lake. Popeza ndalama ku Costa kukhalapo pafupifupi sanali (nthawi zina kupempha mkate ndi anzanu), ndi bwino kukhala pa nthawi yomweyo lafika poipa kwambiri, wovuta chisamaliro ndi chithandizo unamwino, m'mudzi anatenga mlongo. Moyang'aniridwa ake, anakhalako zaka 3; nthawi yovuta Costa sanathe kubwerera ku ntchito nthawi zonse kulenga.

Musakhale ndakatulo April 1, 1906. Kenako mtembo wake anali kuwapititsa ku Vladikavkaz.

Cholowa luso la Kosta Hetagurova

Only atamwalira Costa Khetagurova zinadziwika kuti munthuyo anasiya zapadera khalidwe, maluso awo ndi mtima, kusiya ndithu kulenga cholowa. Mu ntchito zake, olembedwa mu zilankhulo Russian ndi Ossetian, Kosta Hetagurov, amene ankagwira ntchito wofunika kwambiri otsatira ake, anatsutsa kupondereza anthu a Caucasus ndi kuteteza ulemu mtundu wawo. Anapempha a m'dziko lake ndi lingaliro la mwambo kuti cholowa kulenga kwa anthu a Russia, anali wothandiza wa mgwirizano fraternal anthu a m'mayiko onse.

Costa Hetagurov zonse yonena mwadzaza mphindi makamaka zoopsa, linalinso ndi Ossetian katswiri wa zojambulajambula; mu zojambula wake ndi waukulu luso wasonyeza moyo wa anthu wamba, utoto mitunda ndi zithunzi za mapiri Caucasus oimira bwino nthawi yawo.

The mphoto yaikulu: kukonda anthu

Chinthu chidwi ofufuza ambiri ntchito yolenga ndi chikhalidwe cha ndakatulo kwambiri. Iye anaika malo yaikulu mu South ndi North Ossetian likulu, izo chikutchedwa mkulu wa North Ossetian State University - yunivesite chachikulu cha dziko. Dzina Costa ndi midzi, misewu, sitima, zakale ndi mphatso dziko. Kosta Levanovich Hetagurov, amene yonena ndi kunyada kwambiri kwa anthu Ossetian, kum'patsa mphoto yaikulu, chikondi chake sizidzatha.