Mwandondomeko ndege: ndichiyani? Kodi awonetse mfundo ndi kumanga kanjedza pa ntchito ndege?

Masamu - sayansi ndi zovuta ndithu. Kuphunzira, m'pofunika osati kuthetsa zitsanzo ndi mavuto, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana kanjedza, ndi ndege. Chimodzi mwa ankagwiritsa ntchito masamu ndi dongosolo la ndondomeko ndege. Kugwira bwino ntchito izo, ana amaphunzitsidwa chiwerengero cha zaka. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa chomwe icho chiri ndi kukonza izo.

Tiyeni tione zimene ndi dongosolo, ine ndingakhoze kuchita chiyani ndi nzeru kuphunzira makhalidwe yake yaikulu ndi zinthu.

tanthawuzo

Mwandondomeko ndege - ndi ndege imene dongosolo zina za ndondomeko. m'ndegemu ndi chimafotokozera mizere iwiri molunjika intersecting pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Pa nsonga ya mphambano ya mizere ndi anayambira. Mfundo iliyonse pa ntchito ndege chimafotokozera awiri manambala, wotchedwa ndondomeko.

Mu masamu sukulu ophunzira kuti ntchito mosamala kwambiri ndi ntchito dongosolo - kumanga ndi kanjedza mfundo kudziwa ndege limabweretsa ina ntchito, ndi kudziwa ndondomeko ya mfundo ndi kulemba kapena kuwatcha. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane zambiri zokhudza mbali zonse za ndondomeko ya. Koma kukhudza woyamba pa mbiriyakale ya chilengedwe, ndiyeno kulankhula za mmene ntchito pa ntchito ndege.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Lingaliro la ntchito dongosolo akadali nthawi ya Ptolemy. Ngakhale ndiye asayansi ndi masamu munaganizapo tani kufunsa udindo mfundo ndege. Mwatsoka, nthawi kuti adali wodziwika kwa ife, ntchito dongosolo, ndi asayansi amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ena.

Poyamba anafunsa mfundo ndi malangizo kumpoto ndi longitude. Kwa nthawi yaitali icho chinali chimodzi cha njira kwambiri ntchito ku mapu izi kapena kuti mudziwe. Koma mu 1637 Mnazareti Dekart analenga mwandondomeko yake dongosolo otchedwa patapita polemekeza katswiri wa masamu chachikulu "Cartesian".

Pambuyo buku la ntchito "Masamu" ntchito dongosolo Mnazareti Dekarta wabweza kulandiridwa mu asayansi.

Kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII. Mawu akuti "ntchito ndege" ankagwira ntchito mu dziko la masamu. Ngakhale kuti kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lino wakhala zaka zingapo, izo akadali ankagwiritsa ntchito masamu, ndipo ngakhale moyo.

Zitsanzo ntchito ndege

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za chiphunzitso, kupereka zitsanzo zingapo fanizo la ntchito ndege, kotero inu mukhoza kulingalira izo. Woyamba ntchito dongosolo ntchito Chess. Pa bolodi, aliyense lalikulu ali ndondomeko yake - wina ntchito za kalata, wachiwiri - yadigito. Mukhoza ntchito kudziwa udindo wa chidutswa makamaka pa bolodi.

The chachiwiri chidwi kwambiri chitsanzo ndi anthu amawakonda kwambiri masewera a "nkhondo". Kumbukirani momwe, pamene akusewera, inu amatchedwa ndondomeko, monga B3, Zimenezi zikusonyeza chimodzimodzi kumene crosshair. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuwayika zombo, muli mfundo kuperekedwa pa ntchito ndege.

dongosolo ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati masamu, masewera mfundo, komanso asilikali a zakuthambo, sayansi ndi sayansi zina zambiri.

nkhwangwa

Monga tanenera kale, mu ntchito dongosolo nkhwangwa awiri n'kopanda. Tilankhure pang'ono za izo, chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Woyamba olamulira - ndi abscissa - ndi yopingasa. Iwo ikhale (Ng'ombe). Olamulira chachiwiri - ordinates chimene chimafika vertically mwa mfundo Buku ndipo amaimira ngati (Oy). Awiriwa mawonekedwe ntchito dongosolo olamulira, nagawira ndege ku anayi. chiyambi ndi pa nsonga ya mphambano ya nkhwangwa awiriwa ndipo anayamba 0. Pokhapokha ngati ndege aumbike mwa awiri intersecting nkhwangwa perpendicular ndi mfundo Buku, ndi ntchito ndege.

Komanso dziwani kuti aliyense wa axles ali malangizo ake. Childs, pamene akumanga ndi ntchito dongosolo anavomerezedwa amasonyeza malangizo a olamulira a mivi. Komanso, ntchito yomanga aliyense wa ntchito ndege nkhwangwa anasaina.

kotala

Tsopano mawu ochepa za mfundo monga kotala ya ntchito ndege. ndege lagawidwa ndi nkhwangwa iwiri anayi. Aliyense ali ndi chiwerengero chake, ndipo manambala a ndege kukhala counterclockwise.

Aliyense wa kumpanda wa uli ndi khalidwe lokha. Choncho, kotala loyamba la abscissa ndi kukhazikitsa ndi zabwino kotala yachiwiri abscissa zoipa, kukhazikitsa - ndi zabwino wachitatu ndi abscissa ndi kukhazikitsa wa oipa mu bwino wachinayi ndi abscissa zabwino ndi zoipa - kukhazikitsa.

Kumbukirani zinthu izi, inu mosavuta kudziwa kumene kotala monga imodzi kapena ina. Komanso, mfundo zimenezi zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu ngati muli kuti kuwerengetsera ntchito dongosolo Cartesian.

Kugwira ntchito ndi ntchito ndege

Pamene ife anachitira ndi mfundo ndege ndipo anayankhula za kotala ake, mukhoza kupita vuto, kukonza dongosolo, komanso kulankhula za momwe angaziyikire mfundoyi, ndondomeko ya manambalawo. Pa ntchito ndege kuti si zovuta monga Zingaoneke koyamba.

Makamaka anamanga dongosolo wokha, iwo umabala lakuti zonse zofunika. Ndiye kale ntchito mwachindunji ndi mfundo kapena mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngakhale pomanga kanjedza pa ndege yoyamba chiwembu mfundo, kenako kukopedwa kanjedza.

Kenako, tidzakambirana zambiri za ntchito yomanga dongosolo ndi ntchito mwachindunji kwa mfundo ndi mosiyanasiyana.

Malamulo kumanga ndege

Ngati mwaganiza kukondwerera pa kanjedza pepala ndi mawu, muyenera Co-kukhazikitsa ndege. Malo mfundo umagwiritsidwa ntchito izo. Kuti amange ntchito ndege, muyenera wolamulira yekha ndi cholembera kapena pensulo. Choyamba, olamulira a abscissa limachokera yopingasa, ndiye ofukula - kukhazikitsa. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti nkhwangwa intersect pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino.

Komanso, pa chilichonse olamulira amasonyeza malangizo ndi lowani iwo ntchito ochiritsira kalembedwe × ndi Y. Iwo ananenanso mfundo ya mphambano ya nkhwangwa ndi yolembedwa ndi manambala 0.

Yotsatira ayenera kuyesetsa kopita ndi kamangidwe ntchito. Pa aliyense wa nkhwangwa malangizo onse amalembedwa ndi kusainidwa ndi unit-zigawo. Izi zachitika kuti ndiye kugwira ntchito ndi ndege ndi mayiko pazipita.

Tingaonenso mfundo

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito ndondomeko ya mfundo pa ntchito ndege. Izi ndi maziko amenewo muyenera kudziwa kuti bwinobwino kuika ndege zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa, ndipo ngakhale kukondwerera aone kuti pali.

Pomanga mfundo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndondomeko yawo bwino nkhani. Choncho, kawirikawiri kufunsa mfundoyi, kulemba manambala awiri mu parentheses. The manambala woyamba ukuimira ntchito mfundo abscissa ndi, wachiwiri - pa kukhazikitsa lapansi.

Kumanga mfundo ayenera kukhala choncho. Chonde dziwani pa anapatsidwa mfundo Ng'ombe olamulira, ndiye mulembe mfundo pa olamulira Oy. Kenako jambulani mzera kungoganiza kwa deta kusonyeza ndi kupeza malo intersect - uyu adzakhala akonzedwa mfundo.

Mudzapeza mungazindikire ndi chizindikiro izo. Monga mukuonera, zonse ndi wosavuta ndipo amafuna palibe luso.

ikani zimakwana

Tsopano tafika pa funso choterocho, monga kumanga manambalawo pa ntchito ndege. Kuti timange pa ntchito ndege mawonekedwe iliyonse, muyenera kudziwa mmene kuika mfundo. Ngati inu mukudziwa momwe angachitire izo, ndiye ikani chithunzi ndege si zovuta.

Choyamba muyenera ndondomeko ya mfundo chithunzi. Ndi iwo ife adzagwiritsa ntchito ntchito dongosolo lathu mwasankha kanjedza zojambula. Taganizirani kujambula rectangle, kansalu ndi bwalo.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi rectangle a. Kuchiyika icho ndithu chabe. Choyamba, ndege za ntchito madontho anayi oimira m'mphambano za rectangle lapansi. Kenako malo onse ali cholukanalukana mu mndandanda.

Ntchito kansalu ndi wosiyana. Chinthu chokha - ali kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zitatu, kutanthauza kuti ndege zimayikidwa madontho atatu woimira mfundo.

Ponena circumference pali ayenera kudziwa ndondomeko ya mfundo ziwiri. Mfundo yoyamba - likulu la bwalo, wachiwiri - mfundo kutanthauza utali wozungulira ake. mfundo ziwiri izi chiwembu pa ndege. N'kupita kampasi, kuyeza mtunda pakati pa mfundo ziwiri. Nsonga ya kampasi aikidwa pa mfundo kusonyeza pakati ndi anafotokozedwa ndi bwalo.

Monga mukuonera, palinso palibe lalikulu zambiri, bola pa dzanja nthawizonse wakhala mkulu ndi kampasi.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe ntchito ndondomeko ya kanjedza. kuchita izo mu ndege si zovuta monga Zingaoneke koyamba.

anapezazo

Choncho, takambirana inu mmodzi wa masamu mfundo chidwi kwambiri ndi zofunika, anakumana ndi wophunzira aliyense.

Tonse anapeza kuti ntchito ndege - ndi ndege popangidwa ndi mphambano ya nkhwangwa awiri. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya mfundo ntchito kwa izo kutiumba. ndege lagawidwa kumpanda, omwe ali ndi makhalidwe yake.

The luso zofunika kuti ayenera anayamba pamene ntchito ndi ntchito ndege, - luso bwino ntchito mfundo kuperekedwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kudziwa malo olondola a nkhwangwa, makamaka kumpanda, komanso malamulo imene ndondomeko ya mfundo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti ulaliki wa mudziwe wathu ndi Kufikika ndi zomveka, ndipo anali zothandiza kwa inu ndi kukuthandizani kumvetsa bwino nkhani imeneyi.