Mafunde wa Ocean Arctic. Madzi a Ocean Arctic. galimoto mafunde

Arctic Ocean m'dera ali otsika madzi m'dera pakati mabeseni ena onse a Dziko Lapansi - miliyoni 14,75 mamita lalikulu. Km. Lili pakati pa mayiko American ndi Eurasian. Kwathunthu mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Kuya wamkulu wa beseni limeneli mu Greenland Nyanja - mamita 5527. Kuchuluka okwana madzi okwana pafupifupi 18 kiyubiki mamita. Km.

Mbali yaikulu ya Ocean Arctic - ndi nthenda yotaya wake mpumulo. Madzi pansi mphepete chokhala ndi akuimira alumali chachikulu chimene chimafika pafupifupi pamodzi beseni lonse. Chifukwa nyengo yozizira ndi malo kumalo ozizira wa chigawo cha pakati pa nyanja ndi zonse yokutidwa ndi ayezi. Panopa analandira salembedwa kugawanitsa madzi a maiwe zotsatirazi: Arctic, Canada ndi European.

Background

Kufotokozera za Ocean Arctic ayenera kuyamba ndi mbali zake m'mayiko ambiri. Border madzi kudutsa Straits la Denmark, ndi Hudson ndi Davis, kugombe la Greenland ndi Islands Faroe mpaka ku Scandinavia Peninsula. Waukulu headlands nyanja ankaona Brewster Gerpir, Reydinupyur, Dezhnev. Komanso, dziwe akusambitsa m'mayiko monga Iceland, Norway, Russia, Canada, United States. Ndi Pacific Ocean m'mphepete mwa Bering Strait. Mfundo malekezero a nyanja ndi Alaska.

Arctic Ocean (onani chithunzi. Mmunsimu) amatenga% 4 okha pa malo okwana madzi a dziko. Nthawi zina, anthu amaona kuti ndi nyanja ya Atlantic beseni. Mfundo ndi kuti Ocean Arctic kwakukulukulu zimakhalanso osaya madzi. Only m'madera ochepa kuya ukufika 1.5 Km. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa ndi kutalika kwa katundu wambiri - oposa 45 zikwi makilomita. M'dera madzi zambiri osati nyanja khumi. Yaikulu ya izi ndi Nyanja Barents, ndi Chukchi, Kara, Norway, Beaufort, Siberia, Laptev Nyanja, White, Greenland. Nyanja Ocean beseni ali oposa 50%. Bay lalikulu akuti ndi Hudson.

Island limati mu Ocean Arctic ambirimbiri. Wa archipelagos waukulu ndi kupereka Canada. Kumaphatikizaponso zilumba monga Ellesmere Island, Mfumu William Island, Svalbard, Prince Patrick, New Earth, Kong, Wrangel Island, Victoria, Kolguev, Banks neri Al.

Internal madzi aziyenda

Yaitali ayezi chivundikiro amabisa pamwamba pa nyanja chifukwa mwachindunji za m'mlengalenga ndi cheza dzuwa. Choncho chinthu chachikulu chikoka hydrological kayendedwe ka madzi ndi wamphamvu inflow misa North-Atlantic. otaya Izi ofunda, ndipo amasankha chithunzithunzi chonse cha kugawa madzi muthawale European. Pa kufalitsidwa mu dera Arctic amakhudza mafunde ya Pacific ndi glacier misa.

pamwamba Kusamala madzi zimatheka ndi kuda kum'mawa ndi kumpoto Atlantic m'deralo. Kupita kwa misa ndi n'kofunika kuti Ocean Arctic. Otsalira madzi zinyalala akhoza kudziwa pamavuto a zilumba Canada.

Arctic Ocean (onani chithunzi. Kumanja) kwakukulukulu anapanga chifukwa otaya mtsinje. mitsinje ikuluikulu, zokhudza nyanja mafunde, ali mu Asia. N'chifukwa chake mu Alaska wakhala gulu azilandira ayezi.

pachilichonse madzi

Mu Ocean Arctic secrete zigawo madzi ambiri: chabe, wapakatikati komanso chozama. Woyamba ndi misa ndi milingo yafupika mchere. kuya kwake ndi mamita 50. Wapakati kutentha kwa Ocean Arctic ndi madigiri -2. Hydrological chikoka katundu wa wosanjikiza ndi anatsimikiza mtima thawed ayezi, evaporation ndi paulimi. M'dera lotentha kwambiri madzi a Norway Nyanja imatengedwa. padziko kutentha ndi mpaka madigiri 8.

The interlayer beseni - misa madzi, anakafika kwa akuya mamita 800. Apa, kutentha kwa Ocean Arctic zimasiyanasiyana mkati digiri imodzi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufalitsa mafunde ofunda ku Nyanja Greenland. The amenewa wa madzi ndi ofunika pa kuzungulira 37 ‰ kapena zambiri. Nato wosanjikiza anapanga ofukula convection ndi chochokera khwalala pakati Spitsbergen ndi Greenland. Tikumbukenso kuti otaya pafupi pansi pa nyanja chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka madzi lalikulu m'nyanja. Kutentha kwa malo madzi pa kuya pazipita za -1 madigiri.

zinthu osefukira

Chotero anomalies hydrological mu Ocean Arctic ali ponseponse. Mafunde atsimikiziridwa mwa madzi Atlantic. Yaikulu anamuona pa Barents Nyanja, Siberia, Kara ndi Chukchi nyanja. Apa mafunde ndi theka-diurnal khalidwe. chifukwa ndi ziwiri gawo nthawi mwezi lochitira (osachepera ndi pazipita).

European thamanda la Arctic Ocean isiyana wina wamtali mafunde. Apa, madzi limatuluka kulemba mkulu - mpaka mamita 10. Zolemba malire anamuona pa Mezen Bay. Min - gombe la Canada ndi Siberia (zosakwana 0,5 m).

Komanso oceanographers allocated mphepo uyenderere oscillations. M'madera ambiri beseni ndi ananena yoweyula kutalika mamita 2 ndi 11. zochitika Zolemba malire anamuona pa Nyanja Norway - 12 m.

Kodi pa

Wasefukira madzi ndime zimene chikhalidwe kobwereza kapena okhazikika. Ocean mafunde (onani mapu. Pansipa) angakhalenso zachiphamaso kapena kwambiri, ozizira kapena otentha. Pafupipafupi ndi cyclicality zosiyana nthawi, zonse kuphatikizapo utuluke. Unit ya muyeso wa mafunde nyanja yotchedwa Sverdrup. Mitsinje ya madzi anawagawira mwa bata, kuya, thupi ndi katundu mankhwala, chikhalidwe ndi malangizo a ulendo, pa zotsatira za mphamvu, etc. Komabe, magulu atatu aakulu a mumaganiza anamasulidwa lero ..:

1. Tidala. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi waukulu wa madzi. Anamuona pa madzi osaya ndi pafupi ndi nyanja. Osiyana zimakhudza mphamvu. maganizo osiyana ndi mafunde nyanja imatengedwa zibuluma.

2. masinthidwe amtundu. Otchedwa yopingasa hydrostatic kuthamanga pakati pa zigawo madzi. Kodi ndi osalimba, barogradientnymi, kuda, malipilo ndi seiche.

3. Mphepo. Chifukwa cha otaya amphamvu mpweya.

Features ya Gulf Stream

Gulf mtsinje ndi panopa ofunda, amene amadziwika m'dera Atlantic. Komabe, otaya imeneyi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe ndi kufalitsidwa kwa Ocean Arctic. Iye akubwera kuchokera ku doko North America. Iwo chochokera Grand Banks kwa Straits wa Florida. Gulfstream limabweretsa malobotiwa kachitidwe mu Barents Nyanja ndi Spitsbergen.

otaya uwu wa Ocean Arctic ndi chokwanira, zomwe kwambiri pa kutentha wonse wa madzi. Kachigawo Gulf Stream ndi makilomita 90. Lisamukila ku mathamangidwe wa 2-3 m / s. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu wa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri ofunda a m'nyanja. M'madera ena otaya ukufika akuya 1.5 Km. Mphamvu ya Gulf Stream samasintha mu chaka. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwake ndi pafupifupi 25 C. The kusintha pazipita anati m'madera kumpoto kwa Nyanja Norway, kumene mitengo anagwa pomwepo ndi madigiri 10.

Mphamvu ya Gulf Stream

Pa inapita mphepo zotentha malonda ndi madzi zotsala za Caribbean. Mphamvu ya gululi chifukwa cha kasinthasintha wa dziko. M'njira inanso m'dera GolfStream anatsimikiza m'mphepete mwa nyanja mafunde, amenewa ndi kugawa kutentha mode.

kukhudzanso njira ya kupereka Gulf of Mexico ku Cuba. M'dera lino, malo madzi ali ndi chikhalidwe cyclical. Madzi pang'ono ndi pang'ono anazimiririka wamphamvu mtsinje mu nyanja ya Atlantic mwa Florida Straits. Mu otaya Bahamas amapezeka ndi zipangizo zina. Ikani kayendedwe yafupika mapangidwe mphete, ndiye vortices lalikulu. Apa Gulf Stream ayamba mphamvu yake.

M'tsogolo, komanso mafunde ena onse a Ocean Arctic, otaya mphamvu anataya chifukwa mkulu mlingo wa evaporation gombe la Europe. Chifukwa ndi wofatsa nyengo. Kumpoto kwa Ocean Arctic pali nthambi angapo kutuluka.

Kodi ukhoza kuwononga Gulf Stream

M'zaka khumi zapitazo kwa osakhalitsa osiyana. Choyamba zonse zikukhudza index mkombero. Pafupifupi kwambiri quasi-zodziwitsa oscillations wa Gulf Stream ali anati zaka ziwiri. Chotero kupatuka akulowera wa Ocean Arctic zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu mu nyengo. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti posachedwapa linaopseza dziko nyengo tsoka. Fast desalination chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo zingayambitse chakuti mbali European m'dziko imfayo usavutike. Chotsatira zikhoza kukhala watsopano ayezi zaka. nkhani poyamba masoka ofanana. Chotero mfundo asayansi anachita mogwirizana ndi kusanthula ayezi Greenland kwambiri.

Ngati Gulf Stream desalination kwenikweni adagadabula mamba monga mwakale, woyamba kuvutika zitsime zambiri mafuta. Chotsatira adzakhala kuwononga chilengedwe kale.

Features wa East Greenland Current

mtsinje ndi mphamvu wachiwiri Ocean Arctic. Iye akubweretsa ozizira misa madzi. udindo wake momwe mulinso mu dziwe lonse ndi kuda ndi kuchotsa ayezi m'madzi Arctic. Yambani mafunde a nyanja Arctic zimawonedwa gombe la Asia. Cha kumpoto kwa mafoloko mtsinje. Nthambi yoyamba amapita ku Greenland, wachiwiri - mu North America. kayendedwe amatenga malo ambiri pa malire ku Chile.

Kachigawo East Greenland Current, m'madera ena oposa 200 Km. Madzi kutentha ndi pa 0 digiri. Pa Cape Tsalani mtsinje chikugwirizana kwa Irminger Current. The kugunda kwa ofunda ndi ozizira misa looping amapezeka. N'chifukwa chake pali limatsogolera izi mofulumira ayezi nyanja ndi namkholowa mu gawo ili la m'deralo.

mafunde zina za Ocean Arctic

Transarctic otaya amapereka kayendedwe ka ayezi ku Alaska Groenlandia. Mphamvu yaikulu ya otaya ndi otaya mitsinje. Chifukwa cha wokondwa lalikulu oundana ngati ofunda kusiya Chile anatola Transarctic mtsinje ndi akutsatiridwa ndi Bering Strait. Pali gulu imayendetsedwa ndi inflow ya Pacific.

Spitsbergen ndi nthambi ya Gulf Stream. Iwo akupitiriza Nyanja Norway. Nordkapp panopa umalandira kutentha madzi madigiri 8. Chitadutsa pamwamba pa nyanja pafupi ndi gombe la Kola ndi Scandinavia Peninsula. liwiro lake avareji 1.4 km / h.

Norway nthambi ya Atlantic pa otaya ankaona. Kodi amenewa kusungidwa pa kuzungulira 35%. misa kutentha - kuchokera madigiri +5 kuti +12.

deta nyengo

Features wa Ocean Arctic ndi mu ntchito woopsa nyengo. Ndi kuyamika chotero nyengo yozizira mu madzi pa zaka mamiliyoni oundana kusungidwa yaikulu. Dera kumalo ozizira ali ndi kusowa wokonda dzuwa.

M'madera ambiri ku nyanja pali mlingo wa mpweya. M'nyengo yozizira, malo madzi ndi kumizidwa mu miyezi yaitali usiku kumalo ozizira.

Kwa zaka mazana khumi ndi asanu otsiriza nyengo mu nyanja zasintha kwa zoipa mwa kuzindikira zonse.