Mwachidule yonena Maclay NN

Maclay - ndani? Ngakhale kuti anthu a munthu uyu, funso Zatsala zogwirizana ndi angapezeke mu maonekedwe ambiri owerenga amene akufuna kudziwa za iye. Ine ndiyenera kunena, yonena Maclay osati limafotokoza nkhani ya munthu moyo watsopano, ndipo analanda ndipo salola kupita mpaka ulusi lomaliza. Nzosadabwitsa wapaulendo wotchuka ankakonda mlendo wa banja a mfumu amene amasimba nkhani zosangalatsa za Papuans.

Wambiri Maclay ana ndi akulu

Nikolai Maclay anabadwa m'mudzi waung'ono wa chinenero, amene anali kuchigawo Novgorod. Tsiku lobadwa - June 17, 1846. Kenako munthu wapaulendo ku banja zabwino. bambo Nikolai anali sitima injiniya, ndipo chotero banja Nthawi zambiri amapita malo. Wambiri Maclay kuchokera ku nkhani oyambirira zaka za maulendo ake kudzera Russia zigawo. Mu 1856 bambo ake anaikidwa mutu wa kutamandira khwalala Vyborg ndipo ngakhale TB, anapita kukagwira ntchito. Katundu anasiya pansi thanzi la mutu wa banja, ndipo iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka 41.

Banja anakhala ndalama amene padera mu equities, kotero ana sikuti tilibe maphunziro. Komanso, mayi wa Nicholas chinkhoswe mu kujambula mapu omwe ndalama zina. Wambiri Maclay limanena kuti maphunziro ake chinkhoswe aphunzitsi amene anaitanidwa kunyumba. Wina wa iwo anatsegula talente mnyamata amakoka.

Wambiri Maclay: zolimbitsa thupi

Mu 1856, Nikolai ndi m'bale wake Sergei ku sukulu, mu kalasi 3. Komabe, posakhalitsa anakopa mayi ake kumasulira iwo mu breech zolimbitsa thupi. Kwambiri kuphunzira mnyamata sanali kuwala ndipo kawirikawiri sakhala kusewera truant. Ngakhale mu sitandade 5, iye anasamutsidwa kuti chozizwitsa. Mu zaka 15, iye anachita nawo chitsanzocho pamodzi ndi anzake ndi m'bale wake, pakuti iye anali pomaliza. Abale anamasulidwa masiku angapo, kutchula cholakwa pa m'ndende.

yunivesite

Kusekondale Maclay mpaka 1863, kenako anaganiza kulowa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana, kumene zoipa zimene mayi a Nicholas. Chifukwa, iye anali mongodzipereka pa University Moscow wa Physics ndi Masamu luso. Nicholas ankaphunzira mwakhama, anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi sayansi ya zachilengedwe.

Patapita chaka Maclay anachotsedwa yunivesite. chifukwa anali kuphwanya malamulo - Nicholas ankayesetsa kukweza nyumba mnzake. Monga tanenera pambuyo apaulendo Iye analetsedwa kuphunzira pa yunivesite ina iliyonse Russian.

Germany

Pambuyo kulakwa Nicholas kupeza malo atsopano kuphunzira kunja. Chisankho anagwa pa Germany komwe mabungwe a safunikira zikalata pa maphunziro. Banja anali ndi vuto la ndalama, koma amayi anga waika mphamvu zake zonse, ndipo m'chaka cha 1864, mnyamata Maclay anapita ku Germany.

Yunivesite ya Heidelberg anali nawo mu chiwembu achinyamata yasintha Zitsulo. Nicholas anaima pa mbali yawo, ndipo anafuna ngakhale kuphunzira chinenero Polish, omwe anatsutsa mayi, amene anaona mwana wa injiniya luso. M'chaka cha chaka chamawa Maclay anasamukira ku Leipzig, komwe anayamba kuphunzira kuugwira pa ulimi ndi nkhalango. Apa iye anatha zaka 4 a moyo wanga ndipo anasamukira Jena, anagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala.

Islands Canary

M'chaka cha 1866 Maclay anapita kukaona ku Sicily, amene anaitanidwa Haeckel - wotsogolera sayansi. cholinga chake chinali kuphunzira zinyama Mediterranean. Komabe, maulendowa anali pafupifupi akusokoneza nkhondo. Apaulendo kusintha njira zawo, amene anathamanga kudutsa nyumba England tsopano. Mwa njira, Nicholas anali kulankhula ndi mwa Darwin yekha. Mapeto mfundo anali chilumba cha Tenerife. Anthu akumeneko anadabwa alendo kuwatengera kwa zingawalodze. Pambuyo ulendo uno anafika Morocco kumene Maclay anakhalabe kulipenya Berbers.

Iye anabwerera ku Jena okha masika 1867. Iye anapitiriza kuchita ntchito ya wothandizira Haeckel ndi anamasulidwa ntchito yake yoyamba sayansi, imene lonjezolo monga "Maclay". Photos wa Traveler wamng'onoyo anaonekera mu mapepala akuluakulu. Chaka chotsatira, pakuti anali womaliza pa luso of Medicine. Nicholas akuyamba mwachangu achite kafukufuku wa sayansi.

Maulendo

Maclay anayesa kupita maulendowa kumalo ozizira, koma sanali mu izo. Choncho, kumene anafika ku Sicily, kumene ndiri ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi kuphunzira zinyama zake. Ndiye kunali ulendo ku Iguputo ndi ntchito yambiri kafukufuku. Mu 1869, apaulendo akubwerera kwawo ku Russia.

Chinthu choyamba chimene anachita chinali kuona banja lake, amene anakhala pamenepo mu Saratov. Kenako nawo misonkhano ingapo sayansi ndi anaphatikizidwa Russian Geographic Society. Ine titaphunzira polojekiti Pacific, amene posakhalitsa naye.

Mu kugwa kwa 1870 anayamba ulendo pa sitima "Vityaz". Iye anapita Brazil ndi m'madera ena. Ndi kugwa kwa 1871, iye anafika ku gombe la New Guinea, komwe alendo ali moni mantha anthu wamba. Anakakhala mu kanyumba kakang'ono ndipo anayamba kulankhula ndi mbadwa ya. Nthawi yoyamba, ali Chenjerani dokotala, koma ndi 1872 inayamba kulandira iye ndi mnzake. Zikhomo Maclay dzina lake ulemu.

Chakumapeto December, Nicholas anasiya New Guinea nyanja ndipo anapita Hong Kong, kumene anadikira chifukwa cha ulemerero wa kafukufuku wa. Nthawi anapita ku Batavia, ndipo kumayambiriro 1874 anaganiza kuti adzathe pitani Guinea. nthawiyi anaima Ambon ndipo anamenyana ndi amalonda m'dera kapolo.

Mu nthawi yachitatu ndi lomaliza apaulendo adzabwerera "wake" chilumba mu 1883. Mwa nthawi zambiri anzake, mbadwa anamwalira chifukwa cha imfa yawo anali ndi nthenda zosiyanasiyana.

Ukwati ndi imfa

Kumapeto kwa February 1884 Maclay anakwatira Margaret Clark, ndi kugwa iwo anali ndi mwana. Mu 1886, apaulendo anabwerera ku Russia, pamene iye anali akukonzekera bungwe njuchi pa gombe la Guinea. Komabe, zolinga Nikolai Nikolaevich adaonongedwa ndi matenda - khansa, monga likukhalira ina. Thanzi lake kwambiri sakuyenda mu 1887, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa April 1888 Wofufuzayo wotchuka anafa.