MP 40 submachine mfuti: zofunika

Mu mafilimu za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse nthawi zambiri analola zolakwika zambiri zoona komanso musanyalanyaze, ndipo izi silili mafilimu ano, komanso mankhwala anatengedwa m'nyengo Soviet. Ndipo basi MP 40 ayenera amati ndi yowala "kinolyapy".

Mu filimu ya ku Germany mokondwera akuguba, atagwira dangling pa ntchafu yake submachine mfuti ... Monga mbali ya pafupifupi akonzedwa masewera zokhudza Wachiwiri World nkhondo mitu, pali chidole submachine mfuti MP-40. Ndipo anthu ochepa kumbukirani kuti machulukitsidwe wa asilikali German zida izi zakhala ofooka kuyambira oyenda makamaka onyamula carbines Mauser. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo sanali anthu onyozeka a Nazi oyenda mpikisano PCA ndi PPP n'kukhala 9 mm mfuti katiriji.

Hugo Hugo kapena ayi?

Nthawi zambiri chida ali kutchedwa "Schmeisser". Machine MP 40 - ndi kani "Vollmer", monga Hugo Schmeisser yekha analibe kulenga mwa njira iliyonse. Chabwino, kupatula pobwereka kuchokera ake kapangidwe zoyambitsidwa sitolo. Mumadziwika gunsmith analenga MP 18, MP 28 ndipo, kenako, ndi MR 41. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zitsanzo ziwiri zoyambirira mu mikono ya German Army pa nthawi ndi sanapite. Ankhondo (monga anzawo a Soviet, ndi njira) ankaona mfuti boma makina, "zidole", kumene zida pokhapokha apolisi.

Koma kuwuka kwa mphamvu ya Hitler, amene, zosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, ndi layman anali sanalole gunsmiths kutembenukira zonse. Kale mu 1938 iwo adzalandira kuti boma kwa chilengedwe cha mfuti submachine, zomwe zingatheke mudzikonzere asilikali, magalimoto oti muli nazo zida oyeretsa wochepa zipangizo, madokotala, ndi anthu ena amene zonse kakulidwe mfuti kapena carbine anali sakuyenera. Lina kuti kampani Erma.

Zochitika achikulire ndi latsopano yomanga

Zinali Sichangozi, monga akatswiri a kampani anali kale malo mu mawonekedwe SMG anawalenga Erma 36. The mapulogalamu waukulu chida ichi chinali Genrih Folmer. luso ake apadera - pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ozizira a pepala zitsulo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, popeza palibe munthu aliyense.

Ndi pamaziko a "Erma" ndipo analenga MP-38, imene kenako 'anakula' ndi makina MT-40. Mbali ya mtengo sanali, amene kwambiri facilitates kupanga zakudya opangidwa mu gawo detachable magazini 32 zipolopolo. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti vutoli mitundu njira amalola kulandira nawo koma osati kwambiri quality, koma chifukwa tidaipanga amayenera kubwerera ku mphero zovuta ndi mtengo.

Mwa njira, kubweretsa luso ozizira kupanga ku ungwiro Germany nkhondoyo ndipo sadathe. Poyamba iwo analibe izi kufunikira kwambiri ndipo pambuyo - analibe chuma ndi nthawi. Ine ndinayesera kuti likonze zinthu ndi Hugo Schmeisser basi MP 40, makhalidwe luso lomwe ife kufotokoza, ulendo monga maziko kulenga wanu MP 41. Koma izo zinali mochedwa.

Zikamera wa MR 40

Zonse izi kotero yafupika mlingo wa kumasulidwa, ndi chiyambi cha WWII Nazi-manja anaima zosakwana naini zikwi za mfuti awa boma makina. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kampaniyo analandira kuti kukweza chida chimene adzalola kulera kuti ndi processability cholandirika pakati pa 1940. Vollmer athane ndi. Poyamba, anali koma akhazikitsidwa luso ntchito ndi ozizira kupanga wolandila, mbali zotayidwa chofunika m'malo mwa chitsulo.

Zikuoneka ngati MP 40 submachine mfuti, limene nthawi yomweyo mu kuŵeta. Kodi zachilendo, koma ngakhale mu nkhondo chopangidwa ndi MR-40 ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo, ndi MP-38. Akukhulupirira kuti pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi ndi theka mayunitsi (mwina zosaposa 1.3 miliyoni) anali chikalata nthawi kuchokera 1940 mpaka 1945. Choncho chonse cha zida zankhondo German oyenda kuti angaiwale: zida ndi mfuti makina adakali imodzi khumi.

Katiriji - muyezo 9x19 "Parabellum", omwe lero wakhala de A facto muyezo mfuti, ndi mfuti boma makina mu dziko. Onani kuti makamaka makina mu Nazi Germany opangidwa makatiriji wapadera ndi kuchuluka Mgwirizano wa onga komanso zipolopolo bwino kukhomerera ndi kanthu zapregradnym. Gwiritsani ntchito mfuti mpofunikila, chifukwa cha zida zisathe mwamsanga.

Mfundo ntchito

Pulogalamu ya German PP kunali kovuta kwambiri, kugwira ntchito pa mfundo za ufulu shutter. The yachiwiriyi chachikulu kwambiri, kayendedwe ake anayankha wamphamvu kubwerera kasupe. Popeza chida chachikulu chipata ndi amphamvu kubwerera damper, mlingo wake (akatemera asanu pa wachiwiri) ndipo sanali kwambiri wa PCA, lomwe ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mwatsatanetsatane za ... akatemera umodzi. The downside ndi sizingatheke "kuphimba" wosakwatiwa chandamale ima pamzere. Pamene kuwombera tracers ankatha kuona ngati chandamale nthawi zambiri ndendende pakati zipolopolo lapansi.

Kumbukirani kuti Soviet PPS "ndikulavulidwa" imathamanga mpaka akatemera 11 pa mphindi, ndi wotchuka PCA, umene asirikali ambiri amatchedwa "Bakuman Shpagin makatiriji" ndi chiyani kuwombera monga "wamkulu" makina mfuti. mlingo wake anafika 17-18 (!) Zipolopolo pa mphindi. Kotero basi MP 40, makhalidwe amene tikukambiranawa, anali chikutanthauza kwambiri "otsika liwiro".

makhalidwe luso

Wakuti automata banja MP-38/40 ndi kutchulidwa uyenderere pansi pa mbiya. Iye anali ndi udindo wapawiri: pa dzanja limodzi, anachepetsa "bouncing" pamene kuwombera mbiya. Pa zina - kulola gwiritsitsani embrasures mu akasinja ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, kuwongolera kuwombera molondola paulendowu.

Hammer limagwirira - chophweka, kupheratu mtundu. Monga PCA / PPP, wosafuna amafuna kupanga anakankha Germany kusiya womasulira kuwombera modes, koma Pa mlingo wochepa wa mivi kwambiri kapena zochepa ophunzitsidwa akhoza moto ndi umodzi (kapena cutoff a zipolopolo awiri kapena atatu). Lama fuyusi German zida sanali mfundo. udindo wake imagwiridwa recess limene bawuti chogwirira kuti imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zimenezi limagwirira wosazindikira mobwerezabwereza zinachititsa ngozi. Kotero basi MP 40, makhalidwe luso lomwe ife kufotokoza zovuta makamaka sanali amasiyana.

sitolo Features

Store gawo, mphamvu - 32 zipolopolo. Maonekedwe - molunjika, extruded zitsulo. Kusokoneza ndi masitolo m'makalata ku PPP kapena PCA sizingatheke kukhala ndi mzere woongoka, pamene zoweta PP, yokhota kumapeto chitsanzo (chifukwa 7,62h25 katiriji mbali). Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, masitolo ku MP 40 sanagwiritse ntchito ndi chikondi chapadera Asilikali monga pamanja agwire zinali zovuta kwambiri, kunali koyenera kuti amachita chithandizo cha chipangizo wapadera.

Ine anaikapo mu mzere wolunjika, yotamandika kwambiri kupitirira zida khosi wolandila, mulibe kopanira Kankhani-batani. Zochita kunapezeka posachedwapa khosi ayenera kwambiri kutetezedwa kuipitsidwa, kuyambira woyera zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa nkhondo. Standard zipolopolo kwa asilikali a Wehrmacht pa nthawi - za 190 zipolopolo.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu ya moto

Pamaso - ambiri, chikombole. Pamene kuwombera akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito awiri "modes": okhazikika ndi zofewa, anaikira kuwombera pa mtunda wa mamita 200 kapena kuposa. Koma chinthu chofunika chokha pa pepala.

The Germany okha amanena kuti kwenikweni kulowa munthu akuthamanga ali pa mtunda wa mamita 100-150 kale mu German submachine mfuti MP 40 sikuloledwa, ngati moto siinkachitidwa makungwa angapo nthawi imodzi. Komanso, chipata chachikulu kotero braked mathamangidwe koyamba zipolopolo, lomwe pa mtunda wa mamita 150-200 anali kupanga Kusintha kwa mita theka (!) Pa chandamale. Poganizira kuti nkhondo, asilikali ambiri anaiwala za izo, ambiri a ogula bwinobwino anatentha popanda phindu.

mavuto ena

Komanso vuto lalikulu anapereka posungira PP nkhondo. chakuti nsomba pa shopu wawauza: likhale njira yake anali kosalimba mwamsanga amakhala lotayirira. Panali milandu pafupipafupi pamene kwambiri ndi "mtima wosweka ndi moyo" MR 38/40 shopu akhoza kungoyankha kugwa mwachindunji nkhondo. Kotero ndinapitiriza kumbuyo mbiya ... kuti sanabise. Kwa asilikali osati anawotcha kanjedza, anadalira pa boma la magolovesi asibesitosi.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, koma osati bauti wolemera kapena wamphamvu kubwerera kasupe silinena kuti makina ku chizolowezi kwambiri kwa kupanikizana pa kuipitsidwa pang'ono. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, MP 40 makina M'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo kwathunthu akwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zofuna zida zotere. Only imfa ya kanthu njira ndi Anazi, iwo anayenera kukhala woyamba kumenya mfuti dziko, StG 44.

ntchito masiku ano

Inde, ndipo ali. Komabe, PCA 41 anapitiriza n'kupatsa China mpaka 2000s oyambirira, ndi m'madera ena zachitika patali chotero, choncho palibe zodabwitsa mu. A MR 40 anakhalabe muutumiki ndi mphamvu Norway apolisi 60-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Komanso, amagwira ntchito onse Aisrayeli ndi Aluya pa nkhondo ambiri mu Gaza Mzere. Kotero kuti MP 40 - makina ndi mbiri wolemera.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, wotchuka MP-5, ataima mu utumiki apolisi ambiri ndi magulu ankhondo padziko lonse, ziribe kanthu kochita ndi kukambirana PP. Choyamba, iwo ukugwira ntchito ngati blowback anachedwa. Kachiwiri, mu Ndipotu buku kakang'ono wa mfuti G-3.

Potsiriza, palinso malonda zilipo makina pneumatic MP 40, ndi mitengo ikuluikulu demilitarized (monga choncho ndi SCB 41). Komabe, Zikatero n'zochepa Koma ndi ndalama zawo ndi mkulu. Kawirikawiri ndi mawonekedwe akhakula.

The nkhani loyamba la ntchito nkhondowo

Makolo LL 40 anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Poland, pa zochitika za 1939. CSKA yomweyo anayamba kutumiza madandaulo okhudza ntchito osauka a zipolopolo wodyetsa. Koma amadandaula zazikulu za ankakonda kunena kuti akatemera mowiriza Kugwa (Koma onse PP blowback tchimo lomwelo). asilikali, kuti apewe ngozi, ngakhale anayamba primatyvat bawuti chogwirira wachikopa. Pambuyo pake, chimango Wopanda nawonekera zatchulidwazi mphako.

zolakwa

Nkhondo ya Soviet Union ndi zolakwa zina sakudziwika. Kunapezeka makamaka kuti mlingo wochepa pachipata kuchisenza - bwino kutero, chifukwa ozizira ndipo ngakhale ndi kuipitsidwa pang'ono zida anasiya kugwira ntchito. Bzalani "Steyr" mwina anatuluka zinthu, anayamba kukhazikitsa mphamvu kubwerera kasupe, koma chifukwa cha zikuchepa chinawonjezeka mlingo wa moto ndipo anagwa zimango kudalirika si masamu pansi katundu.

Kotero kuti MP 40 - Makina a ku Germany panthawi imeneyo analibe nthawi kuti "mukamva".