Molunjikitsa Integrated kampani - kuti ... Lingaliro la zitsanzo ofukula kusakanikirana

Molunjikitsa Integrated kampani - ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri malonda anu. Mapangidwe nyumba yaikulu ndi kusakanikirana ofukula ndi imodzi mwa zochita kwambiri amene alipo malo panopa. Mu ambiguity izi, zosiyana aliyense kampani vertically Integrated - ndicho chifukwa wabwino kwa comprehensively amaganizira ubwino wake zazikulu ndi zolimbikitsa.

zolimbikitsa

Modern lalikulu mabungwe Integrated mowirikiza kuwauza ndi vekitala chitukuko cha chuma masiku ano ali maziko kukhalabe kukhazikika kupanga dziko lililonse otukuka. Molunjikitsa Integrated kampani - m'malo otchuka njira yochitira malonda, ndi chuma Russian, osiyanasiyana njira kaphatikizidwe akukhala ndi zofunika kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri mapangidwe nyumba zoterozo mu gawo panopa zoweta chuma angatchedwe kuti zinthu zabwino munalengedwa khalidwe la ntchito zachuma, momwe mulinso zopinga mgwirizano, komanso mwayi zolimbitsira ake mpikisano ndi kukhala ulamuliro pa zinthu msika.

msika kusanthula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito gulu Integrated, amapereka kuganizira yogwira wa zolimbikitsa zosiyanasiyana enieni mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakanikirana.

Kodi n'chiyani?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zolimbikitsa kuti ali ndi zizindikilo za kampani vertically Integrated - ndi mkati kapena kunja. Yotsirizira ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana zoyikidwa ndi makhalidwe ena apadera a dongosolo msika wa makampani ena maphwando angathe kapena kale, komanso mitundu yonse ya zochita kumwedwa ndi Makampani ntchito pa izo.

Lingaliro la kusakanikirana ofukula amatipatsanso kwa kulekana kwa zikuchitika kunja m'magulu awiri - omwe si njira ndi njira. Nonstrategic anatsimikiza malingana ndi maonekedwe a makampani kuti sali amadalira ntchito za kampaniyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zolimbikitsa njira ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo msika ndipo akhoza pamodzi chifukwa cha ntchito ya mabungwe.

Kuona makhalidwe si njira ya msika - ndi:

• mphamvu ndi machulukitsidwe;
• chuma lonse ;
• anthu ambiri ogula ndi ogulitsa, anakhazikitsa pa nthawiyo;
• elasticity wa kufunika;
• mlingo wa chitukuko cha zomangamanga;
• mpikisano yachilendo;
• utsogoleri zotchinga;
• zinthu ambiri chuma;
• ndikupeleka ndalama.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ntchito yofunika kwambiri njira msika, ndiye apa kale m'gulu:

• mitengo ndi zina kusankhana;
• chikhalidwe ndi digiri ya kaphatikizidwe;
• yatsopano zochita za makampani;
• pamaso pa mpikisano kuthekera;
• zochita ndi makampani kuchepetsa kulowa msika.

zikuchitika Internal ndi aliyense zingakhale zothandiza komanso zenizeni zimene kampani amalandira akachoka inayake kusakanikirana. Internal kusakanikirana madalitso amene muli OAO "Gazprom" ndiponso mabungwe ena ndi eg amenewa kungakhale chifukwa cha anzake ogwira a anthu angapo a gulu, motero tingasonyezere zosiyanasiyana kusintha structural msika amene alankhula kwa gulu.

Ubwino ndi zolinga

Chuma Russian, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu monga OJSC "Rosneft" ndi ena, amakhala ndi chizolowezi kwa kusakanikirana umodzi, zomwe kwenikweni ndi imodzi mwa mitundu kwambiri maganizo. makampani molunjikitsa Integrated osati ubwino onse ndi kuipa mwa makampani akuluakulu, komanso ndi malamulo awo chitukuko.

Chifukwa malonda kuphatikiza ( "Lukoil", etc.) amaperekedwa ndi mlingo chosiyana kulamulira pochititsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene mungachite kuti mgwirizano zofuna, zochita ndiponso zolinga kasamalidwe gulu zosiyanasiyana gulu, n'kutsegula chiyembekezo chenicheni kwa yogwira dzuwa kuchuluka kupanga.

Kwenikweni, imatheka kusinthitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana njira, ndi oyamba a zaluso mu uliwonse wa mbali ya n'kukumana ndi zabwino kwa dongosolo lonse wonse.

Ofukula kusakanikirana, amene ntchito ndi "Lukoil" kampani ndi nkhawa zina, kumabweretsa chakuti kampani akuyamba kuli amadalira ogulitsa kapena sapulaya. Kufunika kukula nthawi zonse ufulu wa bungwe kwa zachilengedwe kunja makamaka zogwirizana m'misika zazikulu, kumene ambiri ogula ndi ogulitsa, komanso kuchepekedwa chuma ena.

Awa ndi njira kukwaniritsa chitetezo mwankhanza ya sapulaya, monga kuwonjezeka inventories, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wogwirizira, ntchito ndi unyinji wa abwenzi osiyanasiyana ndi ena, izo Sizotheka kuti dzina mtengo osati ogwira mtima, komanso nthawi zambiri amawaganizira pa mawu kukhazikitsa. makampani osiyanasiyana kuti si Integrated ndi katundu wa zinthu zofunika kupanga nthawi zambiri anakumana ndi kufunika kusiya ntchito iliyonse kufunika kuposa kotunga zinthu kapena katundu chidwi kusintha mfundo za mgwirizano. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mabungwe akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo Open Society "Gazprom" pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la kusakanikirana choimirira.

Komanso, kukhazikitsidwa kwa makampani njira malonda amene kale Integrated ndipo alibe chidwi kukhazikitsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kampani zina, nthawi zonse kulenga ena pangozi overstocking ndi mwachangu ntchito underutilization mphamvu kupanga chifukwa kupanga kenako chabe amakhala osakhazikika.

Ofukula kucheza ndi mabungwe kuti ntchito ya "Rosneft" ndi makampani ena, akulola ntchito machenjerero mogwira mtima kuposa wochita malonda zoweta, komanso kuonetsetsa kasamalidwe mulingo woyenera kwambiri kufufuza, potero kwathunthu kuthetsa malonda mavuto mu unyolo sayansi. zolowa mofulumira ndalama ndi kuchepetsa kufunika kwa ngongole anafunika kubwezeretsanso ntchito likulu, komanso pothandiza kukwaniritsa ndalama chidwi linaperekedwa.

ndi mavuto otani?

Poyerekeza ndi mabwenzi msika muyezo umene anapanga pakati pa abwenzi palokha, mfundo kusakanikirana ofukula amapereka kuchepetsa ndalama ndikupeleka, amene akugwira ntchito osati makampani msika kugwirizana, komanso chiopsezo mwayi ndi deta asymmetric ndi ena amtengo kulunjika.

Chiopsezo khalidwe ndi counterparties osiyanasiyana amapezeka mu njira ya ulimi, umene palibe tanthauzo bwino kufunika m'tsogolo, kapena iwe sungakhoze kupita patsogolo pa ndondomeko kukafola mgwirizanowo kupereka kusintha zoipa mu mkati ndi kunja chilengedwe zachuma.

chuma yeniyeni

chuma zenizeni ndizo zotsatira za ndalama yeniyeni: sangathe kutembenuka chuma ngati cholinga cha ntchito zina kwa cholinga china chilichonse kapena ndi wosuta wina aliyense, popanda kuchititsa zomvetsa m'njira kupanga. pamaso pawo kumathandiza kuti zikamera wa ziwiri kudalira, imbaenda ena mavuto ubale contractual. Choncho m'pofunika kumvetsa molondola, kuti kulunjika kwa katundu ingakhale njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ngati zofunika amatha kusiyanitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za malo, likulu anthu, makhalidwe sayansi ndi chuma akulimbana.

Limatchula za dongosolo lino

Kulunjika malo zimachitika ngati wogula zinthu zosiyanasiyana za ulimi ndi athandizi ake inali mokwanira pafupi wina ndi mnzake, potero kwambiri kucheperachepera mtengo wofunikila yosungirako ndi kayendedwe, chifukwa imbaendesa munthu ku kulephera kuyenda kwambiri za chuma. Mu kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera komanso kumatha kufunika Kutentha zina za zitsulo chitsanzo, makampani zitsulo, kumene kuphatikiza limatsogolera zosiyanasiyana ndipo anagubuduza. Mofananamo, mayikidwe a zomera mphamvu pafupi atangochimwa migodi malo khala kwambiri kumawonjezera chuma cha ogwira ntchito pa ndalama zoyendera.

Kulunjika makhalidwe osiyanasiyana zamakono kumaonekera choncho pamene zipani chimodzi kapena zingapo ndikupeleka kuti padera mu chuma chogwirika ndi zachilendo sayansi ndi structural makhalidwe. Potsilizira pake, chifukwa cha ndalama ngati kwambiri yafupika kuthekera ntchito zina chuma.

The kulunjika kwa likulu anthu chifukwa cha pakuika chochitika yogwira ndodo. Mwachitsanzo, pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani vertically Integrated akhoza kupereka mfundo zonse maphunziro a makampani, luso pamodzi ndi kumvetsa umisiri watsopano.

Chandamale chuma anapangidwa kwa katundu ngati waona chiyembekezo chenicheni chimene kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kudzachitika mwachindunji kwa ogula. Pankhani ya kuchotsa isanafike ya mgwirizano, motero, ndi katundu adzakhalabe makuponi mphamvu kupanga.

kuopsa zotheka

The ntchito makampani yotulutsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mu njira ya malonda, mitundu yonse ya chuma, losiyana ngozi zina zokhudza kukhazikitsa katundu wapadera, koma ali pangozi zoterezi, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kusamvetsa mu kotunga mankhwala, komanso kupanda mwawi kukonzanso profiling mphamvu yopanga kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito ntchito zina zina.

Ngakhale kuopsa kwina kwathunthu kwa mudziwe asymmetric ndi njakata, makampani vertically Integrated mu Russia ndi mayiko ena olemera yodziwika ndi m'mene yafupika ndalama ndikupeleka, chifukwa cha mgwirizano msika. Mu msika aliyense mpikisano amagulira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za ulimi ndi wogulitsa kuti kuwononga ndalama kupeza mzake, ndipo mapeto wotsatira ndi ulamuliro pa kuphedwa kwa chiwerengero cha zimenezi ofanana. Kenako amagulira zinthu zina kupanga inasanduka wogulitsa chomaliza mankhwala, ndipo tsopano ali kale zofunika kuonetsetsa ndalama kukhazikitsa. Ngati tikulingalira kampani zimagwira monga kuchita makampani vertically Integrated mafuta, ndi ena ambiri, pamapeto pake kukhala wotuluka zokhudza kufufuza ndi kutsatira ya mgwirizano ndi wogula wa chomaliza mankhwala yekha.

chifukwa nkotheka

Pambuyo kumayambiriro kusakanikirana ofukula komanso kwambiri amachepetsa mtengo okwana chomaliza mankhwala, monga amachepetsa ndalama kanthu zinthu kulankhula ndi mavuto kugwirizana ndi otchedwa iwiri marzhinalizatsiey ndi umafunika awiri. Mtengo ndalama, omwe losiyana kugulitsa mafuta ndi zina mwa mawonekedwe a kusakanikirana ofukula amalola kampani kuti kwambiri kukuza mtundu chake cha kukhalapo mu msika. Choyamba, akhoza kukwaniritsa mitengo kuchepetsa katundu wawo, ndipo amapeza phindu apamwamba kuchokera ku mtengo msika unakhazikitsidwa kale. N'chifukwa chake "Rosneft" (refueling) ndi nyumba zina zofanana yodziwika ndi mphamvu mkulu msika poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikanakhala zosiyana, koma zochokera cholowa mu msika.

Ubwino makampani

Mukupanga kulumikiza ku misika yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala wapakatikati yochepa chifukwa chakuti n'zosatheka kapena pali zinthu akumane pa mapeto a mapangano ndi makampani amene amaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo Integrated. Mu msika chapamwamba kwambiri "Rosneft" mankhwala (refueling) ndi nyumba zina kuti ntchito kusakanikirana umodzi, yodziwika ndi ubwino ambiri, amene amayamba ndi pamaso pa njira yeniyeni vuto la "awiri gawo", kuchepetsa ndalama ndikupeleka komanso zinthu zina zambiri. ndalama yafupika kuwonjezera mpikisano malo a bungwe, ndipo mu kufanana adzaukitsanso zimalepheretsa kulowa mu ntchito imeneyi kwa gulu lirilonse latsopano.

Komanso, wonena za kusakanikirana ofukula amalola kuphatikiza mlingo mokwanira otsika ndende ya chomaliza mankhwala pa msika ndi digiri mwachilungamo mkulu wa Si mphamvu, ndipo chotero, kuchepetsa mavuto akuluakulu osiyanasiyana Kukwanilitsa mu ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika.

Kuipa kwa msika

Mogwirizana ndi izi tikhoza kunena kuti zotsatira zimenezi zingabweretse kusakanikirana umodzi, ali osokonezeka. Chitsanzo akhoza kumwedwa ndi pakampaniyo "Rosneft" omwe pa dzanja limodzi, amasonyeza azimuth kunsi ndalama kupanga choncho mitengo, koma ena - ali ndithu msika mphamvu ndi kumawonjezera monopolization.