Basi "Ikarus 280": specifications luso ndi zithunzi

mtundu mabasi "Ikarus" oposa theka zaka onyamula okwera mwamsanga ku Soviet Union, ndipo tsopano zakale Soviet Union. Mu Soviet Union, ndi Chihangare amapanga 143.000 mabasi zosintha angapo anapulumutsidwa. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri, ngakhale lalikulu kwambiri mu mawu katundu, ndiye basi "Ikarus 280".

A pang'ono mbiri wamba

Wotchuka kwambiri mu 60s wa atumwi wotsiriza anali "Ikarus Lux", umene makamaka ikuchitika wautali kayendedwe.

Woyamba olowa chitsanzo (otchedwa "accordion") "Ikarus 180" adaperekedwa kwa USSR mu October 1968 mabasi Awa anali kuoneka pa maulendo mzinda pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Cha m'ma 60s anayamba kutulutsa zitsanzo za ziwiri mazana angapo. Anali osiyana mmaonekedwe masiku amenewo, okhota thupi kalembedwe. Chifukwa msika Loona za thupi kuvala galimotoyo MUNTHU Scania, Volvo. Zino zitsanzo anali ambiri, koma Soviet Union aziwapatsa mabasi zitsanzo 260, 263, 280 ndi 283 ndi mtunda wautali - 250, 255 ndi 256. The City mabasi anali onse mdima chikasu, chifukwa kupenta fakitale Analeredwa ndi Mlengi kwa USSR, kenako Russia - "Ikarus 280" woyera yofiira chitsanzo (onani pansipa chithunzi.). Mu Poland aziwapatsa wofiira, Germany - woyera ndi pamaso lalanje ndi zitseko kumbuyo ndi Hungary - buluu ndi imvi denga ndi zitseko.

Fakitale waukulu wa kampani "Ikarus" lawonongeka koma Soviet Union anapitiriza ntchito basi Chihangare kutsika khamu mzere m'zaka lomaliza.

mbiri lachitsanzo

Mu 1973 anayamba "Ikarus 280" basi kumasulidwa. Model anali zosintha oposa makumi asanu, ndipo anasiya mu 1993 akubwera mabasi chitsanzo ichi mu maiko zokomera ndi World Chachitatu kupita Cuba ku chigawo yotsirizidwa. Mabasi, amene anamasulidwa mu Iran, malo osiyana ndi chiwerengero cha zitseko, ndi Kuwait - pamaso pa wofewetsa mpweya.

Popeza zimenezi si chitsanzo linanena mabasi ku Russia, mu 1994, mabasi anayamba kusonkhanitsa pa Moscow mbewu "Tushino-Auto". Kuyambapo ndi kuika mipando ndi mabasi upholstery pang'ono, koma mu 1996 linatulutsidwa "Ikarus 280.33M" Moscow muyezo woyera-wobiriwira. Anapezerapo Tushino fakitale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma latsopano kusinthidwa "Ikarus 280.33M2" ntchito pa mpweya. Kumasulidwa kwa mabasi izi anasiya mu 2002.

Kufotokozera otchuka basi lachitsanzo

"Ikarus 280" - linanena basi kuchuluka zonyamula mphamvu, ndi injini yamphamvu, anaikira mizinda kuli anthu akuluakulu. Ndime lonse mosavuta adutsa kanyumba. Mu Soviet Union ndipo kenako Russia anali aziwapatsa zosintha kwathunthu ku chipinda zonyamula ndi dalaivala zashuga atatu mzere dongosolo la umodzi mipando theka-zofewa. Large yosungirako kutsogolo kwa zitseko kumbuyo kulola kuika izo kwambiri m'basimo, saletsa mu ndime. Zonyamula chipinda mpweya chinaperekedwa hatches denga ndi zisindikizo jombo ndi awatulutsira twente faifi, ndiyeno theka la mbali zenera.

dalaivalayo anali okonzeka ndi malo apamwamba makhalidwe amene malamulo osati msinkhu, backrest ndi khushoni, komanso kulemera galimoto.

Masiwichi wagawo pa galasi lakutsogolo kumanzere ndi kumanja anali tumblers anayi kutsegula zitseko awiri a basi. zonenepa wapawiri analola kutsegula amachepetsa onse a pakhomo pa nthawi yomweyo. Pa zitsanzo oyambirira anali wapogawanikira chitseko, ndipo kenako - chitembenukiro. Ngati mabasi kunali zinayi chitseko, mu dela la mzinda, komwe okwera akutsatiridwa kamodzikamodzi, zinali awiri a iwo, mu kanyumba wa thalakitala ndi ngolo.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

"Ikarus 280" basi chitsanzo losiyana unpretentiousness, bwino ndinazolowera ndi mavuto zachilengedwe, mkulu mphamvu zonyamula ndi omasuka mkati Kamangidwe. Antchito a mabungwe opaleshoni kuti iwo sizinachitike anakhazikitsa basi chodalirika, ndalama ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Pakuti "Icarus" amakhala ndi malo okwezeka pansi Komabe, kusalaza pa kutalika lonse, popanda masitepe ndi ndiziwunda, ndipo masitepe awiri pa zitseko galimotolo kubweza pansi potsegula ndi katundu wa anthu. Mbali imeneyi kapangidwe imatengedwa kuti ndi mwayi waukulu basi.

The sangathe chitsanzo ichi imatengedwa ndi mamangidwe mkati mwa dongosolo magetsi. M'nyengo yozizira, m'katikati anali usavutike ndi awiri palokha chotenthetsera "Sirocco", umene mwachangu ankadya dizilo. Pofuna kupulumutsa mafuta, madalaivala musapatuke pa chotenthetsera, ndipo mu kanyumba wa basi kunali kuzizira.

Iwo akhoza ankaona vuto ndi ofooka odana ndi dzimbiri chithandizo cha thupi, ngakhale kutukula zimavuta wopita utali wamoyo kwa makina awo kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, kuphatikizapo "Ikarus 280" chitsanzo.

Luso makhalidwe a lachitsanzo

Kwa nthawi kupanga zonse mabasi 280th chitsanzo cha gearbox makina ali, anali kutsogolera mawilo kumbuyo kwa thalakitala, ndi ngolo chitsulo chogwira matayala zipangitsa yaitali linanena mabasi kwambiri maneuverability. Zotanuka kuyimitsidwa zinthu ndi mpweya cushions. Thalakitala ndi ngolo chikugwirizana ndi hinge olowa articulation. The kanyumba mawilo a ngolo kum'patula ulamuliro ndodo wopangidwa mwa kutseka magawo awiri turntable.

mota wakhala mwapadera mabasi, makonzedwe omwe amapereka zonenepa yopingasa. Engine, anapanga ndi German chilolezo kampani MAN, anasintha ndi woyengeka mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za chitetezo zachilengedwe. Popeza ili m'kati, utsi fumes mu kanyumba sanagwe.

Kachitidwe ananyema wakhala mwapadera chitetezo magalimoto mu mapangidwe a m'tawuni. The ananyema magalimoto akhala pamodzi ndi dongosolo kubwerera ananyema. Engine retarder akutumikira monga ananyema wothandiza. Nthawi ozizira a dongosolo kutetezedwa ndi kuzizira theka-lita imodzi ya usawonongeke mowa.

Thanki mafuta lakonzedwa malita 260 dizilo. phukusi kumaphatikizapo phukusi zonse zolembedwa, uyenera kuthandiza osati ntchito komanso kukonza mabasi.

Mwini Reviews dongosolo

Pakuti mayiko, utumiki basi Nkofunika kuti mwayi kufala ndi injini n'zotheka kudzera kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke kumanzere ndi wapadera hatches luso pansi m'kanyumba.

Buku HIV, mungathe, ndipo inatha luso njira, koma m'tawuni yozizira (mu Russia si miyezi osakwana anayi a chaka), ayezi ndi chisanu ting'onoting'ono basi yekha zimathandiza woyendetsa kuti downshift kubweretsa galimoto katundu pa chitunda yoterera. Madalaivala "Ikarus" tamandani ngo zowalamulira ndi chothandiza limagwirira anasintha ntchito ndendende kwambiri, kuyambira mu chitsanzo ichi pagalimoto ndodo ya kusintha zida - Ichitu kutsinde, osati zingwe monga zitsanzo ina.

Mtunda pakati pa njanji mbali pa turntable ndi bellows angabise "bunching" Nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa dalaivala kuti katundu wagwa m'basimo, pokwerera mabasi kuukitsa chivundikiro turntable.

Pa nyengo yozizira mu mabasi, okwera anadandaula za nthawi, koma anali ndi funso zochuluka kwambiri za kamangidwe Kutentha dongosolo, kuchuluka mafuta ndalama. Okonza amakhulupirira kuti mabuku atsopano 'Icarus 280 "ali uvuni mkangano zoipa chifukwa deficiencies zomangidwa bwino, chifukwa akuchedwa akudutsa madzimadzi ku dongosolo yozizira kuti uvuni chamagetsi chachiwiri chimene yakwera kuti akukumana ndi gulu kutsogolo.

A wongoyerekezera wa basi

"Ikarus" - ngati chosaiwalika m'mbiri ya basi zoyendera galimotolo amene amanyalanyaza izo sizikanakhoza kudziwa Russian kukumba classicbus, umene umabala zitsanzo collectible magalimoto. Pakali pano, kampaniyo opangidwa zitsanzo oposa makumi atatu mabasi osati zoweta makampani galimoto, komanso opanga odziwika bwino kwambiri. Mu 2011, chopereka chitsanzo, "Ikarus 280" (1:43) wamasulidwa. The zinachitika ndi basi Nsanja ya 1994-1996.

Lachitsanzo thupi amapangidwa ndi zitsulo ocher mtundu, mkati - pulasitiki. Anasonkhanitsa mankhwala miyeso 385h58h74 mamilimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 0,9 ankafunika mbali 180. Kufalitsidwa nkhani - okwana zidutswa zikwi zitatu.

Trolley chizindikiro "Ikarus"

Mu 1975-77 pamaziko a basi pamodzi ndi "Ikarus" ndi Budapest Transport Company inamangidwa makumi asanu linanena trolley mabasi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi amene anapuma pantchito Soviet trolleybuses chomera iwo. Uritsky. Kenako 1977 angapo woyendetsa trolley ndi zida kuchokera opanga osiyana odziwika akhazikitsidwa. Nyanja mayesero makina zinachitika m'mizinda ikuluikulu ku Ulaya ndi North America. Kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1992. anamasulidwa mazana atatu trolley mabasi "Ikarus 280 T" ndi Ganz Electronics zipangizo msika m'banja, German Democratic Republic ndi Bulgaria.

Mu Soviet Union trolley "Icarus" si mwalamulo kutumizidwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza Chelyabinsk kusamutsidwa okwera za ziwiri khumi magalimoto ntchito kugulidwa ku East Germany.

Mu Moscow, kupanga trolleybuses "SVARZ-Ikarus" mabasi ntchito debited thupi. zamagetsi zomera awo opanga "Dynamo". ndi trolley pa "Ikarus 280" Tushino fakitale kumbuyo anali kumasulidwa.

Similar wotembenuka mabasi trolley zinalembedwa ku Poland, Bulgaria ndipo Korea North.

Si chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya mabasi ndi magalimoto ku Russia linanena mabasi "Ikarus 280" amaonedwa kukhala pafupi. Iwo zaka makumi atatu atati aperekedwe ku Soviet Union ndipo kenako mu Russia, ndi oposa theka zaka onyamula anthu.