Project 1174 "Chipembere". Large ankafika ngalawa

The yolimbirana ulamuliro mu mabacteria ndi apanyanja ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana mpweya ukulu.

Troopers m'nyanja

Control m'dera si mchitidwe Zombo Zankhondo ufulu ndi kayendedwe abwino zipangizo zoyendera. Pali mwayi kuthandiza magulu awo nthaka ankafika ku nyanja. Nthawi zina amphibious kumenya palibe njira ina. Amadziwika ntchito ku Sicily ndi Normandy, zimene adani ikuchitika kulanda wa asilikali bridgeheads amphibious kuukira gawo German-wotanganidwa, mowonekera anasonyeza kufunika njira zinthu ngati zimenezi. Zitsanzo za ntchito amphibious kumenya okwanira mu mbiri Russian asilikali. Ngakhale Russia wakhala siinkachitidwa njira ntchito amphibious, koma ndi wokonzeka kutsika aboma m'dera la Istanbul mu 1917.

zombo Soviet amphibious

Woyamba apadera zombo amphibious anali mbali ya Soviet Navy pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kusintha kwa zombo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja ankafuna kuunikanso kupeza ake zosiyana. shipbuilders Soviet mulibe zinachitikira zokwanira kumanga zombo za malo awa. Choncho, choyamba zombo amphibious anaikidwa mu Poland, pa Gdańsk doko la zombo zapanyanja. Shipbuilding mphamvu ya sitima zakale German Sheehan Danzig limakupatsani mwamsanga kuyamba kupanga mtundu watsopano wa ngalawa. Woyamba ndipo ambiri yaikulu mndandanda wa zitsulo thanki ankafika zombo Project 701. Iwo kukatumikira m'mayiko ambiri bloc Soviet, lasonyeza ndi dzanja bwino.

Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera

Avereji ankafika zombo bwino mogwirizana ndi ntchito za woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Koma Soviet Navy kunadetsa wapeza nyanja maonekedwe. Pali kukufunikira ankafika luso, angathe kuchita mu squadron ochita anawazunza nyanja, kulola kulanda mphamvu thandizo pa mtunda wautali. ntchito imeneyi chofunika kusamutsidwa zombo zikuluzikulu ndi navigation kwambiri yoyenda yokha. Mu 1964, Chilengedwe Bureau Nevsky doko la zombo zapanyanja anapezerapo polojekiti 1174 "Chipembere". cipher mphothoyi mndandanda watsopano sitima zazikulu ankafika (BDK). Mayina Zombo Zankhondo pachikhalidwe chofanana nkhani inayake. A mndandanda wa BBC "Rhinoceros" ndi dzina lake polemekeza ngwazi za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

A mndandanda wa "Rhinoceros"

Akuphedwa ntchito chofunika kwambiri kuchuluka kwa njira luso ndi nkhani cilamulo. Amafuna kuonetsetsa ikamatera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zipangizo ndi ogwira pamalo sangathe anaoneratu pasadakhale. Sitima mphamvu anapatsidwa BBC atsopano zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Iwo anatsindika kufunika mkulu ntchito bata wa ankafika nsanja, komanso luso kupereka thandizo ndi kuphimba kwa asilikali kuti atsike. Pazifukwa izi ndi zina, polojekiti 1174 "Chipembere" mwamphamvu anachedwa. Komabe, zonse zinachitika zaka 14 pambuyo chiyambi cha chitukuko. Woyamba chachikulu ankafika chombo analowa utumiki mu 1978. Total anakwanitsa kumanga mayunitsi atatu cha polojekiti. Panopa Russian Navy ali yekha BDK "Mitrofan Moskalenko."

mbali Design

Kusamutsidwa kwa chombo watsopano pafupifupi 12 000 tonnes. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" amalola kunyamula ndi dziko battalion wa oyenda ndi za makumi asanu zidutswa makina lolemera. Pa ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana mpaka 4,000 mailosi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi pa izo kwa mwezi wathunthu akhoza mosadalira kukhala oyendetsa ndipo tidakocheza mphamvu. zombo atatu ndi sitimayo lalikulu aft miyeso superstructure kulenga zinthu omasuka ozimitsa malawi ndi luso yosungirako. Adzikometsa zili ndi zipangizo anasamutsa zida transportable.

zida

Tikufika mphamvu kulola kupereka ankafika pa gombe Popeza alibe mphamvu zomuthandiza ndi Popeza alibe mphamvu zomuthandiza. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" amapereka zingapo zimene mungachite kuti agwire ntchitoyo. Ankafika pa gombe kapena madzi osaya angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mphuno kutsetsereka chipata ndi limbikitsa retractable. Kudzera mwa iwo, n'zotheka tiwolokere zipangizo akuyandama asilikali popanda akuyandikira foreshore. chotengeracho ali Dock chakudya kamera. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti sanali akuyandama zida Mumakonda pa ankafika luso ndi nsanja kudziletsa injini. Choncho, yobereka asilikali ngalawa ku gombe sunali kuzama kwa anaukira ndi kupezeka kwa gombe. Imodzi ndi pamwamba zikutanthauza posamutsa mphamvu kwa BDK "Ivan Rogov" wobadwa woyamba zino, anapereka kwa kuthekera ntchito Helicopters amphibious kwa mwamsanga dontho-kuchoka za kuwonongeka magulu kuwala ndi magulu thandizo. Ndege Gulu amakamba pa bridgehead kuti 64 commandos zida ndege imodzi, kupereka iwo ndi moto thandizo kapena kuthawa.

zida

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti BBC ukugwira ntchito squadron ndipo amaonetsetsa tanthauzo lake. Komabe, ntchitoyo 1174 "Rhinoceros" anapereka zida zoopsa ndithu. chombo akhoza kuthandiza ikamatera zida zankhondo ndi roketi moto. Chifukwa chaichi izo okonzeka mofulumira 76-millimeter Cannon wokwera mu turret pa thanki. Kuwonjezera pa mfuti a sing'anga mphamvu likungosonyeza moto yoperekedwa ndi anayi zisanu ndi barreled zida zankhondo unit.

System ndi onsewo makungwa wagawo likungosonyeza 30 mamilimita amalenga kachulukidwe yopambana ya moto. ntchito yake ndi kuteteza mandala kwa adani mphepo ndi nyanja. Air chitetezo BDK anapanga yochepa osiyanasiyana machitidwe mpweya Poteteza kanthu ndi kunyamula odana ndege machitidwe mzinga, zimene chiyambi-mmwamba turrets wapadera limapereka. Moto thandizo anabzala mayunitsi akhoza kupeza zida dongosolo "Grad" ntchito m'madzi. Ndi zida zankhondo zombo monga "Ivan Rogov" liyenera kukhala ndi anayi Ka 29 nyanja ofotokoza anaika pa sitimayo chapamwamba. Kuwonjezera ntchito chitetezo ndi kuthandiza ikamatera Helicopters izi amatha kuchita odana ndi sitima zapamadzi nkhondo ndi reconnaissance.

Njira "Mistral"

amphibious kumenya chombo kalasi "Mistral" Order mu France anayi anali limodzi ndi nkhani yogwira mu mabwalo a akatswiri anthu. zokambirana kwambiri wotchedwa yogula kunja ngalawa likulu, chimene chinapangitsa chisokonezo. Soviet Union anamanga zambiri zovuta machitidwe luso ndi armament. mbali zonse za mtsutso pa zifukwa chifukwa maganizo ake pa vuto. Ndithudi, Russia lingathe kumanga chombo cha kalasi iliyonse.

Koma mbiri ya polojekiti 1174, yomwe inatenga pafupifupi zaka fifitini, zikusonyeza zovuta ndi ambiguity funso. zombo Russian akubwerera kwao m'nyanja, ndipo funso n'lakuti maonekedwe amphibious squadron chigawo, chida zolosera mphamvu nyanja m'dziko. Pa likulu la asilikali apanyanja, chilakolako ofala kupeza si ankafika luso, komanso pakati ntchito za zombo lonse, mungathe kusamalira zomwe gulu.

Tikufika m'chombo ali zimam'pindulira anzake pa nkhondowo ochiritsira sitimayo. Ubwino wa "Mistral" pazikhalanso angalamulire ndi dongosolo kulankhulana. Kuwonjezera ankafika katundu mofanana, iwo akhoza kukwaniritsa 16 Mipikisano ntchito Helicopters, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera kuthekera kuponya mphamvu ya Asilikali. Mayina Zombo Zankhondo kalasi "Mistral" zimasonyeza mayina a mizinda Russian wopambana. Otsutsa kuika patsogolo chokana zomveka kupeza zida za dziko lomwe ndi membala wa zikuwonjezera blocs asilikali, lili ndi mavuto mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika.

ntchito chitsitsimutso

Mofulumira Soviet Union ndi zotsatira mavuto azachuma zamangidwa zapansi zombo. Iwo anali amene anapuma pantchito ndipo BDK "Alexander Nikolaev". Zinali sitima yachiwiri ija ya. kokha lina lalikulu ankafika chombo anakhalabe muutumiki.

Development wa zombo amphibious anapitiriza kutsata kulephera. Kukuthandiza chombo cha mndandanda "Ivan Gren" amadziwikanso munakhala pa m'matangadza chifukwa cha kusintha zonse pa ntchitoyi. chokana France ndi kupereka anayi UDC "Mistral" pafupifupi sanadzisiyira kusankha kwa Navy Lamulo. zombo Russian kugwira ntchito mu woyendera nthambi zikuluzikulu, amafunika ankafika chigawo. Zinachitikira chisoni akugula machitidwe zida zikuluzikulu zakunja amatichenjezanso kuti zisadzachitikenso ake. Development wa ntchito watsopano akhoza anachedwa mpaka kalekale. Choncho, amanena lero kuti mmalo mwa "Mistral" adzakhala kachiwiri anapezerapo "Rhinoceros" kupanga BDK cipher. Ndithudi, izo si zogwirizana ndi zokhumba za Naval Wogwila, amene akufuna kukhala ndi zambiri olemera ndi chilengedwe ankafika nsanja, koma malingana ngati palibe njira ina.