Mikwingwirima - ndi chiyani ichi? Chiyambi ndi cholinga

Mikwingwirima - phala anapanga n'kupanga nsalu pa matabwa mbali ya biriwita alonda yunifolomu, akazembe ndi adzasonkhanitsa, komanso akuluakulu a asilikali Cossack, ndi wokhala ndi mtundu wa phula lapansi.

Mikwapulo loyamba

Nkhani ya mikwingwirima zimachokera kuyambira kale (VIII m'ma BC). Akukhulupirira kuti pamene Msukuti nkhondo anayamba ntchito tepi chikopa kuphimba matabwa mbali pa mathalauza, monga chizindikiro chosiyana.

anthu Msukuti kugawanika bwino za mtundu wa moyo, kuchoka ziŵeto ndi amisiri kuti asilikali a Lupanga ndi "mfumu" Asikuti. Otsiriza ndi wolema pa mathalauza anapanga zikopa, nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zagolide mikwingwirima. Icho chinali chizindikiro cha ndiwe wa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira mkulu.

mikwingwirima Cossacks

mwambo Msukuti kuvala mikwingwirima, wina Mabaibulo wotchuka, ndipo anatenga Cossacks. Koma mabwalo Cossack amapita lina lomwe nthano amenewa, chimene mikwapulo pa mathalauza Cossacks anali motere:

Mmodzi amithenga Cossack, anabwerera ku Moscow mukamaliza zokambirana, anabweretsa Mfumu inaika malipilo awo lolipiridwa ndi ndalama, chakudya ndi nsalu, ponena wapadera minofu, kupereka atamans bwino prescriptive chofiira kapezi, ndi onse - buluu Kindyakov. Komabe, Cossacks anakana kuchita zinthu ndi chidziwitso, poganiza kuti palibe mmodzi wa iwo wabwino kwambiri kapena woipa - iwo onse ali ofanana. Choncho, anaganiza kugawanitsa nsalu lonse mofanana. Blue nsalu anali kwambiri, aliyense Cossack kudula chidutswa yaitali, yomwe inali yokwanira kuti Chekmenev ndi thalauza, ndi lofiira sikunali kokwanira, koma lagawidwa wofanana mbali. Aliyense anapita pa Mzere yopapatiza, amene ankasoka pa matabwa mbali ya thalauza.

Thalauza ndi mikwingwirima Cossacks sanali kokha chizindikiro cha kulankhula za a Cossacks, komanso ngati chizindikiro cha dziko dzina, ufulu ndi ufulu. Ndipo mtundu wa mikwingwirima zingakhale za kudziwa Cossack asilikali ake.

Amur, Astrakhan, Trans-Baikal ndi Ussuri Cossack anavala thalauza ndi mikwapulo ya chikasu. Mu Yenisei Cossacks ya Don ndi mtundu anali wofiira mikwingwirima. Mu Kuban ndi Ural - kapezi. Cossacks wa Orenburg ankavala mikwapulo ya kuwala buluu. Siberia Cossacks sported thalauza ndi mikwingwirima ya mlangali. Mu Terek Cossacks mikwingwirima m'malo mwa kuwala buluu edging.

More yeniyeni za thupi ili kapena gulu anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa yunifolomu, zomangira wake paphewa ndi mtundu wa korona kapu.

Maonekedwe a mikwingwirima la asilikali Russian

Choyamba mikwingwirima anakongoletsa yunifolomu ya asilikali Russian mu 1783 pa kusintha kugwiridwa ndi General Field polimbana G. A. Potemkinym, amene anatsimikiza kuti mikwingwirima - ndi zotsatira zina chifukwa zovala, kulola kukhazikitsa amayanjana ndi asilikali lamulo positi mu yamtendere. Mikwingwirima pa nthawi ya nkhondo anathetsedwa, monga nkhondo, iwo anatulukira mkulu.

Komabe, Paulo, amene anakhala pa mpando wachifumu mu 1796, anaganiza kuti adzathe kukhazikitsa kusintha wa asilikali Russian, ndipo mu malo oyamba anakhudza atsogoleri. Chithunzi ofala moyo kapitawo imene inali ndithu mosatekeseka nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine II (alonda ambiri a utumiki zinachitikadi maulendo kuti zochitika zosangalatsa), pansi Paulo Ine atasinthiratu. Kuwatengera iwo malamulo atsopano nkhondo yokakamiza alonda kuchita ntchito zawo mwachindunji. Kusintha anapangidwa ndi yunifolomu. Makamaka, mfumu anaganiza kuti mikwingwirima - si "ano", monga mawonekedwe onse anatengera pambuyo Potemkin kusintha, ananamizira ndi lonse zovala Russian asilikali fanizo la asilikali Fridriha Velikogo, Mfumu ya Prussia, kukakamiza pamene alonda kuvala mawigi ufa.

Mu 1803, Alexander Ine, umene unachitika pa mpando wachifumu m'malo kuphedwa panthawi zokhumba yachifumu, Paulo Ine, anabwerera mikwingwirima asilikali. Choyamba, kusintha anapangidwa yunifolomu Lancers ndipo kenako onse a asilikali.

Mikwingwirima mu Red Army ndi Soviet

Ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba KA thalauza ndi mikwingwirima anaphunzitsidwa alonda achikulire ku General. Poyamba mikwingwirima mtundu kudalira mtundu wa asilikali:

• Red ankavala asilikali ankhondo a manja.
• Blue - akazembe ndege.
• Rasipiberi - a asilikali a makamu kulankhulana, luso ndi Quartermaster Corps, Engineering Corps.

Patapita nthawi, mikwingwirima kapezi anakongoletsa utumiki malamulo a asilikali ndi madokotala. Koma posakhalitsa anasiya mwa mtundu uwu.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1943, tinalowa mikwapulo kwa akazembe NKVD cornflower buluu. Pakuti asilikali mkati - amtundu wina ndi malire - wobiriwira.

Koma m'chaka cha Kupambana Wamkulu (1945) mtundu mikwingwirima osiyana m'malo limodzi - wofiira.

Pakuti asilikali a asilikali ano, palibe chasintha. Red mikwingwirima awiri (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) Zatsala "khadi ntchito" zawo.

Achinyamata a cadets asilikali ndi cadets amaphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana kuti mikwingwirima lapansi. Pa mathalauza yunifolomu ndi kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a mzere umodzi wa buluu kapena wofiira.