Mfundo za kungoganizira za kusalakwa

History sadziwa nkhani umodzi imene udindo pa chigawenga nawo kwathunthu kuchimwira upandu ndi munthu kutumikira chilango cha izo, ndi perpetrators kukhala pa lalikulu. Pofuna kupewa Zikatero, kapena kuchepetsa mavuto obwera awo, apongozi kuyala mfundo za kungoganizira za wosachimwa. Kuchititsa Kuthi, iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri maziko sanam'peze ndi mlandu waukulu. Ndipotu, ndi chitsimikizo kuti sadzakhala criminally wopalamula chifukwa cha mphulupulu nawo ntchito wosalakwa upandu munthu. Pachifukwa ichi, mfundo enshrined mu zida zambiri mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Yodalirika za mfundo za kungoganizira za kusalakwa ndinagona pansi mu Constitution (Article 49), ndi Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code (Article 14), komanso zida ndi mayiko - Universal Declaration of Human Rights ndi ena.
Zomwe zikusonyeza mfundo za kungoganizira za wosalakwa? Yankho la funso limeneli limatipatsa malamulo. Makamaka, akukhulupirira kuti adamnenera ndi wosalakwa, kufikira kutsimikiziridwa wolakwa ndi mlandu ndi anatsimikizira chiweruzo cha khoti m'njira zotchulidwa mu malamulo a boma ndondomeko.

Mu Kuthi chigawenga, mutu mfundo zotsatirazi wa kungoganizira za kusalakwa:
- The udindo kutsimikizira kupalamula, munthu kupereka umboni wa milandu ya akuganiza ali woneneza ndi;
- pa mlandu wa zinthu zoti sadzakhala kupereka kutsimikizira wosachimwa;
- motsimikiza ayenera mothandizidwa ndi zabwino evidentiary maziko, pa mfundo mmenemo n'zosayenera;
- kukayikira Dzitetezeni akuwuka mu njira ya Kuthi chigawenga, kutanthauziridwa mu mtima wa munthu mlandu wa zinthu zoti.
mfundo zonsezi kungoganizira za kusalakwa Cholinga chake kuteteza mlandu. Iwo ayenera kukhazikitsa zochitika zonse zimene zinachitika, kuti cholinga, wathunthu ndi mokwanira kufufuza. umboni umboni kuti angathe kutanthauziridwa mu njira zosiyana, sizingakhale pa maziko a milandu. Pa insufficiency umboni pa mlandu ayenera anabalalitsa milandu chigawenga.

Munthu sangakhoze mlandu popanda mlandu. Mlanduwu, ndi kungoganizira za kusalakwa zofunika makamaka, kuyambira mfundo onse anamva ndi kuphunzira umboni onse pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana chigawenga, pali cheke mlandu umboni. Ndipo ngati wolakwa umboni kapena anasonyeza, koma osati kwathunthu, munthu akhoza wolungama, kuchuluka kwa milandu mwina tidzasandulika, masitepe adzakhala oyenerera pa nkhani ina ya Code Wachifwamba.

Pankhani ya munthu wosalakwa kuzindikira akhoza Umafuna malipilo kuwonongeka anakhumudwitsa mogwirizana ndi malemeredwe a mlandu iye, komanso mabuku pa TV, kutsutsa zolakwa zake.

Mpaka nthawi chidaliro munthu si wachifwamba, iye ali ndi ufulu wonse ngati nzika ina ya dziko. Iwo akhoza kuponderezedwa ufulu wawo pokhapokha chiganizo lapereka milandu.

Ngakhale kuti, monga mwa chilamulo, wozengedwa sayenera kukhala ndi udindo kutsimikizira wosalakwa, kuchita likukhalira sizitero. ulamuliro milandu alibe chidwi ndi kusonkhanitsa mudziwe kuti mwina chifukwa sanam'peze ndi mlandu. Choncho yekha ndi ufulu kutetezedwa kuonetsetsa zofuna za mlandu. Dongosololi yokha zachokera mfundo adversarial, amene amakunenezani loya mphamvu, chitetezo ananena mokomera mlandu. Pachifukwa ichi, kungoganizira za kusalakwa sangathe anazindikira zonse ndipo mwina ofunda.