The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ndi udindo wake malamulo

Nkhani yodziwika kwambiri ufulu wa anthu m'dziko - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Kwenikweni Aika ndi kuzindikira chibadidwe mtengo wa anthu moyo, komanso mfundo za ufulu kutsogoza wa munthu pa ufulu wa boma ndi mwayokha. Mu 1945, pamene pa msonkhano ku London, United Nations wakhala akunena kuti, izo wakonza njira patsogolo kwambiri pa mbiri ndi ufulu wa anthu. Ndime 3 kwa nkhani yoyamba ya hayala UN limanena zokhudza chimodzi cha zolinga chachikulu cha bungweli - kupambana mgwirizano padziko lonse kwa Kukwezeleza ndi kufalitsa kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wina ofunika kwa onse, kaya akhale a chinenero, chipembedzo, kugonana kapena mtundu. The hayala anakhala padziko lonse akugwirizana ndi kumanga chikalata amene walemba izi. Anapezerapo mu yemweyo 1945 Commission Lokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu pansi pa mothandizidwa ndi UN, zinali kukonzekera mwapadera wachilekaniro ufulu wa munthu, kutsogoleredwa ndi iye monga ponseponse chilengedwe kuti chitsanzo kwa anthu ndi mitundu yonse. Bill umenewu wakhala mbali ya hayala wa dziko latsopano bungwe.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights sichinayambe analenga chifukwa cha zimenezi. Komanso Bill ndi sanalembe zinthu zambiri kuti kuteteza ufulu wa anthu, ndipo ambiri mabungwe omwe si a boma anayamba maganizo ndi zina. Makamaka, iwo anafuna kuti dziko lililonse, amene anakhala m'gulu la United Nations, walonjeza kuonetsetsa kuti anthu okhala m'mayiko amenewa anapatsidwa ufulu - moyo, ufulu wa chikumbumtima, ufulu wa munthu, kuukapolo, chiwawa ndi njala, ndi zina zotero. d. The hayala UN m'gulu ndichisangalalo malinga ndi zomwe ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi nkhawa za m'mayiko onse. Chiyambi Chiyambi cha hayala limanena kuti mgwirizano wamayiko ofunitsitsa potsimikiza chikhulupiriro mu chibadidwe, mu mtengo, ndi ulemerero wa moyo wa munthu, mu ufulu wofanana akazi ndi amuna, ndi mitundu kakang'ono - lalikulu. Choncho anayamba codification ufulu wa anthu.

Mkati mwa msonkhano wapadera wa bungwe lolamulira la United Nations - Assembly General - unachitikira mu 1948 pa tsiku la December 10, oimira mayiko 8, lomwe linali Soviet Union, kusala pa voti. Koma nthumwi za Msonkhano akadali ali pamodzi anavomereza Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ikulongosola ambiri amene ali motere. chikalata ichi kupeza mndandanda wa ufulu wofunikila wa munthu aliyense mu dziko, kaya chinenero, kugonana, chipembedzo, mtundu, maganizo pandale kapena pazinthu zina, dziko ndi chikhalidwe, katundu kapena zinthu zina. Iwo ananena kuti boma ayenera kuteteza osati nzika za, komanso okhala m'mayiko ena - mayiko ndi vuto kuthandiza ena mu kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wawo.

Choncho, gawo loyamba la Bill UN za Ufulu wa Anthu anali Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948 anakhala mfundo kuyambira zomwe ayamba kuchita mayiko normative nyemba za ufulu wa anthu, funani chikalatachi. Mu Vienna, mu 1993, a Conference Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa maiko 171, woimira peresenti 99 alionse padziko lapansi, anatsimikizira chivomerezocho maboma kupitiriza kutsatira lamulo limeneli.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ndi pa mtima wa malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, koma palokha chinali pachiyambi osati chikalata kusainira. Komabe, kukhala ndi mndandanda zowombetsa mkota mfundo anavomera, izo, ndithudi, anali ndi makhalidwe abwino mphamvu maganizo dziko pagulu. Komanso boma, ntchito ndi kutchula ngati nkhani zamalamulo ndi andale, Declaration anapereka umayenda zina pa milingo mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Zotuluka pa mfundo zimenezi ndapeza yekha mu 1966. Ndiyeno ovomerezeka pacts pa ufulu wa anthu, ndale, chikhalidwe ndi umoyo ndi zachuma. Iwo ali gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu la Bill UN za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe. Mayiko amene akhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano izi Mapangano, alonjeza kuti kukonzanso malamulo ake kuti kuteteza ufulu wa anthu. Zotsatira za Universal Declaration za ufulu ndi kumasulika uli m'bukuli kuti wotetezedwa mu mapangano ena ndi mapangano. Choncho, pa nthawi ino, madalitso ake amaonedwa monga kuvomerezedwa. Choncho, si abwino mutsatidwa, ndi chikalata malamulo, mfundo zimene ayenera kulemekeza ndi onse States.