Judicial mchitidwe: sanam'peze ndi mlandu. Grounds kuti sanam'peze ndi mlandu. Ziwerengero acquittals ku Russia

Dongosolo la procedural malamulo sanam'peze ndi mlandu lofunika kwambiri. The ofufuza nawo maphunziro a mtundu wa njira, ndi ofunika kwambiri a mafunso. Kafukufuku amasonyeza acquittals zisakuyenda chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha milandu kuzindikira nzika za wosachimwa. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa khalidwe limeneli? Kodi zotsatira za ntchito osauka-khalidwe la boma akufufuza kapena kukondera mwa bwalo, chifukwa cha zolakwa kapena kukhazikitsa mfundo ya adversarial?

Lingaliro la chiweruzo

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusamvana akutumikira monga chomaliza bwino. Chiweruziro ndi chisankho chimene chikangoperekedwa ndi bwalo pa gawoli pa nkhani ya kusalakwa kapena mlandu wa nkhaniyo, komanso ntchito kapena osakhala ntchito ziletso kwa iye. tanthauzo limeneli sifikira nkhani zonse kuthetsa ulamuliro komaliza. Komabe, izo zimanyezimiritsa zomwenso ake: yekha chigamulo bwalo tinganene kuti mlandu wa nkhani mu kuchitako, ndi kokha munthu akhoza kukhala pansi chilango chigawenga malinga ndi izo. Mu chigamulo kuti, kwathunthu ambiri anazindikira ntchito procedural, wopangidwa mu ndondomeko kusamvana.

mtengo

Chiganizo imatengedwa yekha zochita procedural akudzipereka m'malo mwa boma. Iwo chili pa mlingo malamulo mu luso. 296 Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba. Chigamulo amayankha anagonjera milandu kale. Maonekedwe amachita ngati njira substantive. Mchitidwe palokha ndi mbali chabe ya mlanduwo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali ena, zigawo ofunika. Iwo kupanga kiyi evidentiary zoona. zinthu izi imvera, zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya chinthu. The Loya amagonjera ndi chitsutso kuti ndizipange izo phunziro la Kuthi kwathunthu, osati kungonamizira chabe. Posankha munthu udindo amasanthula mapeto a nkhani yolembedwa ndi. milandu onse saloledwa pa yachinsinsi zayamba mwatsatanetsatane mavuto. Chiganizo kumasonyeza ndondomeko chigawenga, phata la zochita kuti atengedwa patsogolo ndi pambuyo pake. chigamulochi sikuti siteji yopanga udzatha mu Poyamba. Chiganizo definitively anatsimikiza za nkhani yaikulu Kuthi malamulo. Iye amachita monga zotsatira zake zomalizira za ntchito ya yazamalamulo mawu a zotsatira za malamulo ndi yoona.

Gawo

Mu Art. 309 Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba amapereka mitundu iwiri ya molamula zochita mu funso: kukhudzidwa ndi acquittals. mafunso onse mu njira ayenera kukhala ndi yankho okhazikika. Chilli kumachita ngati wozengedwa, kapena mlandu, kapena wolungamitsidwa. Ovomerezeka munthu amatenga njira imodzi yokha. ulamuliro imeneyi imagwiranso milandu mutu umodzi tikuipeza pa nthawi yomweyo milandu angapo kapena Kuthi ndi amaonedwa milandu ya anthu angapo. Pankhani imeneyi chigamulo monga chikalata umodzi angalimbane nzika zina za mulanduwu, ndi zina - ndi sanam'peze ndi mlandu. Mu chida chimodzi awerenge chilango ndi akudzipereka kumasula ena.

Kuzindikila kusalakwa

The sanam'peze ndi mlandu pa mlandu angaonedwe mbali zitatu:

1. Pamene kachitidwe procedural.
2. Monga chikhazikitso malamulo.
3. Monga akonzedwa ubale procedural.

Mbali yamasika amakhala ndi mbali zinchito za gulu. Zinali iye yemwe akusimba ofufuza zambiri mwachindunji ndondomeko yopangira chisankho. anaika maziko a sanam'peze ndi mlandu mu malamulo. phunziro akhoza anazindikira ndi wolakwa ngati imodzi mwa zinthu zitatu:

1. Palibe kanthu chochitika.
2. Osati anatsimikizira munthu nawo ntchito mchitidwewo.
3. zochita wotsutsana safunika mbali ya upandu.

Pamene aliyense wa zinthu zimenezi akuti kwathunthu anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso nkhani nawalimbikitsa mwa kudzipeleka kwake m'zochitika za.

Chofunikanso

Pamene sanam'peze ndi mlandu, nkhaniyi kulemba limafotokoza mmene kubwezeretsa ufulu wake. Komanso, udindo kutenga kusankha munthu wapatuka miyeso zoperewerazo zinawonongedwa chifukwa cha nkhani oletsedwa nzika chilungamo komanso asamadye m'ndende wake. Tikumbukenso kuti chigamulo cha mlandu boma kuti kumawononga ndi zidzakhudza m'munsi sanam'peze ndi mlandu. The wopanga malamulo, pankhani imeneyi, mu chisankho obliges molondola zopanga mkhalidwe umene munthuyo anapezeka kuti alibe mlandu. Chigamulocho sipayenera kukhala Mfundo kukayikira wosachimwa wa nkhani zimene zachitika.

mbali

sanam'peze ndi mlandu The Analeredwa zinachitikira kulephera kuzindikira mlandu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chokhumudwitsa chimaulula sadzipereka. Events kutchulidwa mulanduwu, komanso zotsatira zawo sanalembedwepo kapena zachitika mosaganizira chifuniro munthu (mwachitsanzo, mchikakamizo cha masoka achilengedwe). Amatikhululukira posowa umboni zikusonyeza kuti zochita za munthuyo:

1. Iwo sali oletsedwa.
2. Yokhala, mwina ali ndi zinthu zachiwawa, koma chifukwa ndi wotsika si angabweretse chiopsezo ku anthu.
3. Izo si kuchita oletsedwa pa malangizo mwachindunji lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zochita khalidwe mwadzidzidzi, mkati chitetezo zofunika ndi zina zotero.

The sanam'peze ndi mlandu ndi analandira Tikanena za zochita oletsedwa ndi chilango kwathetsa kuchita malamulo, amene adachokera ku mphamvu pambuyo ntchito yawo.

kulephera kutsimikizira nawo

The sanam'peze ndi mlandu ndi analandira ngati mchitidwe n'kosaloleka unakhazikitsidwa, koma zipangizo ayesedwa mu njira zimene zikuchitika, adzalamulira kapena salola kutsimikizira pantchito yake atamunamizira nkhaniyi. The mavuto omwewo chimatsogoleredwa ndi munthu udindo, ndipo ngati umboni osakwanira kuti mfundo zolondola zokhudza mlandu wa nzika, ndipo mwachikulu analetsa n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa mu thandizo nawo za mfundo kuchita mu njira ya Kuthi, ndiponso m'nthawi atafufuza. phunziro Choncho, wokhulupirira lamanja ake kwa anthu, popanda tepi aliyense wofiira, amasulidwe izo kuchokera udindo. Monga jurisprudence limasonyeza kuti sanam'peze ndi mlandu m'mavuto oterewa nthawi zambiri osavomerezeka. Ndipo zipangizo adzabwezedwa kwa atafufuza. Pankhaniyi, ndiye chizunzo mabasi. Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, deta pokambirana naye wosachimwa wa nkhaniyi, sikutheka kaya khoti kapena pakapita atafufuza. Zimenezi ndi kuchoka ku mfundo za malamulo procedural. Kumasulidwa kwa nkhaniyi chikuchitika mu nthawi imene khoti umapeza kuti kulakwa chidaperekedwa ndi munthu wina. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pambuyo chigamulo amalowa gulu zipangizo anatumiza kwa wozenga. Nayenso, ndi kutenga masitepe kukhazikitsa phunziro adzathedwa mayesero ngati wozengedwa a.

Ndingatani kuletsa kuti sanam'peze ndi mlandu?

Mu Art. 379 wa CPC Ufumuyo zinthu limene chosankha pansi obwereza. Malinga Art. 385 ya ulamuliro CPC akhoza kutikonzanso bwalo la cassation. Tiyenera kukhala anagonjera wozenga, mlanduwo wovulalayo imatsogoleredwa (achibale ake), kapena mwachindunji munthu anapezeka kuti alibe mlandu, koma kusagwirizana ndi mavuto a zochita.

nkhani yapadera

Acquittals ku Russia akhoza kumwedwa pa msonkhano ndi nawo loweruza a. Mu nkhani iyi, amapereka ndondomeko yapadera kwa review cha zimenezi. chiganizo A ukhoza kuletsedwa wozenga milandu kapena dandaulo la wovulalayo (woimira ya chitetezo ya) pamaso pa kuyan'anila zokhudza CPC, zomwe okha ophunzira mu Kuthi pa kupereka umboni kapena kwakhudza akamanena za Maonekedwe nkhani pamaso pa loweruza choncho mayankho kwa iwo. Bwalo la cassation mwina asapitirire mawu awa ndi kubwereza kusankha zinthu zina.

Non-ikupanga anapeza zinthu yoona

Nthawi zina acquittals ku Russia popanda kuganizira zinthu zogwirizana. Choncho, mu njira ya Kuthi nzika awiri anapezeka kuti alibe mlandu wa anafuna kupha wa munthu ndi akuponya izo mwa kutalika mamita 17 mumtsinje mu mkhalidwe adzamangidwa. The Court, tipanga kulungamitsa nkhani anatchula "Kusakhazikika" wa zikuonetsa kuti wovulalayo anapereka ngati mbali ya kufufuza kuyambirira, komanso mawu ake kuti iye 'izo. " Zipangizo Komabe, zinali zoonekeratu kuti wozunzidwayo yekha mlanduwu kubweretsa chilungamo anthu enieni amene akhala akuchita chosemphana ndi iye. Wozunzidwayo mobwerezabwereza, kuphatikizapo pamalo powonekera, zonse za mavuto a kukhuthula mu mtsinje kuchokera pa mlatho. Khoti ali suona mboni alakwitsa. Motero wekha ankaona ngati ndi mitigating china. Komabe, khoti analephera kuzindikira bwino nakhutitsidwa zili. Pamene kukonzanso bwinobwino anali wadziweruza zochita zomwe pambuyo pake zikutsatidwa pa pempho.

Kufufuza kuphwanya yokulirapo ya malamulo a CCP

Mu maola. 2 tbsp. 381 kumatanthauza mavuto omwe mwina zingakonzedwenso acquittals. Mu Russia Komabe, si nthawi zonse otchulidwa kuyan'anila ponseponse kungachititse kuti chopanda malire kukonzanso kusankhidwa kumva. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pa Kuthi, apo wakhala kuphwanya ufulu wa wozengedwa kuti thandizo la wotanthauzira kapena loya kapena sankandilola nawo maganizo amenewo, kapena kupatsidwa mawu otsiriza, chiyembekezo chakuti chiganizo adzakhala tanthauzo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti, yokhala zinthu izi kumawonjezera vuto la nkhaniyi, kodi si bwanji chisankho oipa, wosamangidwa kapena mokondera chisankho. Kulipira asinthe chiweruzo Pankhaniyi kumva farce, kuyambira chifukwa adzakhala anakonzeratu. Review mlandu pa mlandu pano pokhapokha ngati pali dandaulo la nkhaniyi, anapezeka kuti alibe mlandu ngati sakugwirizana ndi mfundo za chisankho.

Pomaliza

Chigamulochi ayenera zagwiridwa ndi chilango - kukakamizidwa pokhapokha kulowa mu mphamvu ya chisankho. Pankhaniyi, ulamuliro umakhala kaya ubwenzi ndi mchitidwe wa anthu amene agwiritsidwa. Amatikhululukira ngati aliyense wa zifukwa kuchotsa wake akhoza kukhala ndi umboni wodalirika kuwathandiza. Mu milandu pali umboni wamphamvu wa wosachimwa. M'nkhani ya Kuthi bwalo Komabe, si nthawi zonse n'zotheka kudziwa izi ndi zowona. Kukayika irremovable chikhalidwe zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za zikuchokera, mfundo za pakalibe kapena kupezeka ndi mlandu, nkhani nawo ntchito mchitidwewo. Lamulo amatanthauzira aliyense wa iwo mokomera mlandu. Mu nkhani iyi, sanam'peze ndi mlandu chinatsimikizira kusowa umboni, ndiye kusapezeka kwa umboni cholinga linakhalapo.