Mbiri ya chitukuko cha mpira mu dziko

Sport mpira masewera anabadwa mu United States. Iwo kupangidwa mu 1891 mu mzinda wa Springfield, Massachusetts, pakati maphunziro a Christian Youth Association. Young mphunzitsi Dzheyms Neysmit, mbadwa ya Canada, kuti kutsitsimutsa maphunziro mafizo, anatulukira masewera zatsopano. Iye anatenga madengu awiri zipatso popanda pansi ndi angagwirizanitse kwa chipongwe cha khonde. Dengu anali kuponya mpira. Choncho pamafunika dzina lake, masewerawa: mpira - mpira, dengu - mtanga.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba mbiri ya mpira. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Naismith akufuna malamulo, amene ayenera kutenga malo mu masewera a mpira. Malamulo amenewa ali 13 zinthu. Komabe, machesi yoyamba inasonyeza kuti malamulo ayenera bwino ndipo anasintha. Panali kwambiri mphindi, amene chinalepheretsa pofuna kukwaniritsa masewera. Mwachitsanzo, ili mafani khonde amatha kugwira mpira zouluka kutali ndi ankayesera kuti aponyere mu dengu la mdani. Choncho madengu zitsulo zishango pafupi. Ndipo mu 1893 panali ukonde, anapachika pa mphete chitsulo. Koma mbiri ya mpira kwatanthauza kuti mu US mu 1894, woyamba malamulo lovomerezeka ndi masewera yokha wakhala zazikulu ndi chidwi akhala wobvomerezeka, kuti tsopano ankaimba padziko lonse.

The mpira US analowa choyamba mu maiko - China, Japan ndi Philippines, ndi pambuyo pawo kale mu America South ndi Europe. Patatha zaka 10 ku St. Louis pa Games Olympic othamanga ku United States mothandizidwa ndi magulu a mmizinda bungwe mpikisano chionetsero. Kenako Olympic mpaka 1928, mpira anali zimasonyeza yekha. Ndiye mbiri ya mpira chitukuko wapitiriza ndi kuthandiza federations ake mayiko, amene analengedwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka ku United States. Ndi federations dziko ayamba kukonza thupi lonse. Mu 1919 woyamba wa mayiko mpira mpikisano pakati pa magulu a asilikali a United States, France ndi Italy.

Popeza 1923, chiyambi cha mbiri ya mpira akazi. Chaka chino, ndime woyamba wa mayiko akazi, omwe anali nawo Team USA, England ndi Italy. Popeza masewera chakhala chikutenga zambiri kuzindikira ndi kutchuka mu dziko, la International Federation mpira unakhazikitsidwa mu 1932 (FIBA). Poyamba wapangidwa m'mayiko okwana 8 - Argentina, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Sweden, Latvia, Czechoslovakia, Romania. Ndipo mu 1935 International Olympic Committee anazindikira mpira ndi masewera Olympic, ndipo chaka chamawa mu Berlin, masewerawa anadza mu pulogalamu Olympic. Mlendo wolemekezeka a ndime Olympic mpira anayambitsa ake Dzheyms Neysmit. ndime izi panafika magulu ochokera m'mayiko 21.

machesi mpikisano adamangidwa tenisi panja. Pa Games Olympic anagwirizira Congress loyamba FIBA, imene woyamba malamulo lonse la masewera akhala naye. M'tsogolo, mbiri ya mpira kachiwiri anafotokoza kufunika kwa malamulo. Kuyambira kumayambiriro 50 ntchentche la masewera unayamba kutaya amenewa chidwi acuteness a nkhondo, malamulo anali kuyambitsa kusintha kofunika masewera wakhala mbali.

Mbiri ya mpira mu Russia kuyambira 1906, pamene St. Petersburg ojambula zithunzi za anthu masewera "yowunikira" analenga gulu loyamba kuti masewera a mpira. Ndipo pafupifupi pamaso pa 1917, masewerawa anali atakulitsa okha St. Petersburg. Kukula kwambiri mpira mu Russia anali kokha mu 20s oyambirira ndipo oyambirira ndime yaikulu amati unachitika mu 1923 Championship dziko. Mu chaka chomwecho kwavomelezedwa, ndipo woyamba malamulo ndi boma.

Sports akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti tsogolo masewerawo adzakhala patsogolo mtheradi mu zazikulu, zovuta ndi wokongola masewera. Palibe chikaiko kuti masewera amenewa ndi mpira woona, pamene chinthu chachikulu - ndi unpredictability, ntchito ndi zosangalatsa.