Mbewu za nkhaka: Kodi kumera? Kodi zilowerere ndi kuika monga kumera mbewu za nkhaka?

Aliyense munda kuyesera kukula manja awo athanzi ndi zabwino masamba. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka imatengedwa ndi nkhaka yomera kutchire ndi greenhouses. Monga zomera zonse, chikhalidwe amafuna chisamaliro nthawi zonse. Chilimwe chilichonse wokhala ndi munda amagula mbewu za nkhaka. Kodi kumera chikhalidwe, osati aliyense amadziwa. Kuchita mnjira akufuna kudziwa mfundo zina.

Kapangidwe ka mbewu

Nkhaka a dicotyledons, anakonza iwo monga ambiri maluwa a chikhalidwe. Pakati ndi mwana wosabadwayo, limene lili padziko endosperm ndi m'chimake zozitetezera. Zonse chiŵerengero cha zigawo zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu anawagawa kukhuthala, oilseeds ndi mitundu mapuloteni (siyana ikhoza kusintha kutengera nkhokwe michere, iliyonse osakhala). Mu mbewu iliyonse pali kufanana Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni, ndi phytin zimapezeka mu zikhalidwe zonse. zigawo izi nzofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo kukula. Phytin akumasula phosphorous, amene kudya mbewu. The mbewu monga chimanga lalikulu kwambiri kuchuluka wowuma. Oilseeds ali olemera mu mafuta. Pamene mbewu yomweyo mbewu za nkhaka, monga tirigu kuti zimere? Kodi mtundu wa nthaka ntchito, kuchuluka kwa madzi? Tiyeni tifufuze.

Kukonzekera zakuthupi kubzala

Pakuti aliyense ndondomeko, munthuyo ayenera kulenga zinthu yabwino. Ngati inu mukudziwa momwe kumera mbewu za nkhaka, kuti ali pafupi kwathunthu kumera wa mbewu. Komanso, zomera zonse chidzakula athanzi ndi amphamvu, ndi zokolola oyambirira.
Zofunika m'kati kumera - n'koyenera kuti akonze zinthu kubzala. Mbewu ayenera kumizidwa mu njira inayake, kotero tiyeni tione mmene zilowerere mbewu za nkhaka. Mbande kumera kunaposa zinafunika tirigu zasiyidwa peresenti asanu mu saline njira (sodium kolorayidi). Njira imeneyi imagwira kudzakuthandizani kudziwa mbewu zopanda kanthu; amakhalabe padziko, ndi lakuya zonse pansi. Mukhozanso konzekera nkhani kubzala, ngakhale panyumba. Mwachitsanzo, kusiya mbewu pafupi heaters pa madigiri 40 Celsius kwa sabata imodzi.

Akuwukha ndi mbewu kuvala zinthu

Pakuti mbande athanzi ndi amphamvu angathe kuchitidwa chisanadze kufesa akuwukha. Ndi othandiza kwambiri, komanso amamufika kukula kwa chikhalidwe. Pali zingapo zimene mungachite pokonzekera njira, mmene kilogalamu imodzi adzakhala zilowerere mbewu za nkhaka (chomwenso ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pa lita imodzi ya madzi):

• 300 mamiligalamu wa methylene buluu;
• 20 mg wa asidi boric kapena succinic 7 mg wa;
• 2 ga nthaka sulphate ;
• 5 ga ndi sodium (akumwa).

zakuthupi kubzala ayenera ankawaviika madzi okonzekera tsiku. Otsatidwa ndi mbewu youma ku mkhalidwe flowability, ndiyeno kokha kubzala. Komanso njirayi, wamaluwa odziwa komanso unazokotedwa mbewu. Izi zachitika kuti yakusankha zinthu kubzala ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Mbewu akhoza unazokotedwa pasadakhale kapena asanalankhule kufesa. Kuti njira zimenezi ntchito fentiuram (magalamu 3 pa 1 kilogalamu wa mbewu) kapena TMTD (4 magalamu 1 kilogalamu).

Nyakulima amene akufuna mbewu zabwino, m'pofunika kuphunzira mosamala malamulo pansi wofesedwa mbewu za nkhaka - monga chikhalidwe kama, komanso posamalira izo kenako. The zambiri, mudzasankha mbande, ndi moyenera, chomera adzakupatsani kwambiri zipatso. Kulima mbewu nkhaka ntchito njira oipa. Kale kutupa kapena germinating tirigu anali kwa masiku awiri mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri opanda awiri ndi kuphatikiza ziwiri. Kuumitsa firiji wangwiro, ndi m'chipinda chapansi kapena glacier.

zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa kumera

Pre-zikamera kwa zomera ndi zofunika kwambiri, zovuta ndi zoopsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndondomeko kupeza mbande zofunika kuti imathandizira njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho munthu ayenera kudziwa ndi zimene pokonza mbewu za nkhaka, monga chikhalidwe bedi. Inde, chifukwa njira yotero, munthu akhoza kusankha zinthu zabwino (zomera ndi oyamba zimaswa). Komanso kumapangitsa kuti zimere nkhaka 100% mlingo kumera: Pafupifupi onsewo kuoneka pa nthawi yomweyo (mawola ochepa). Choncho, mbande zonse zimafuna chisamaliro chimodzimodzi monga zofuna zofanana.

Koma pafupifupi ndondomeko ali kuipa kwake. The kumera ndi yovuta mokwanira kulenga kutentha ankafuna. Zonse ayenera kuwunika mbewu utakula kapena ayi. M'pofunikanso kuti muphonye nthawi tangle la mizu, ndiyeno nthawi kuti ndikasendeza mbande. mbewu utakula asamatenge mikono, ndi nsapato tweezers, kuti kuwononga mbewu. Ndi ndondomeko mumzindawo, koma amathandiza kuti iyende pazipita.

kumera mbewu

Nkhaka - kutentha wachikondi chomera, chifukwa zinthu kutentha chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kumera amatenga gauze kapena nsalu imene zilowerere mbewu. nsalu ya impregnated ndi njira ya munthu wina (momwe izo, takambirana pamwambapa) ndipo atakulungidwa mu izo mbewu. Ndiye gauze kapena nsalu kufalitsa pa kozungulira, amene aikidwa pamwamba pa galasi. Izi zimathandiza kusunga chinyezi, chimene chiri kutikonda kwambiri nkhaka.

M'pofunika zonse kuwunika kuchuluka kwa madzi mu kozungulira, kuwonjezera chipinda kutentha madzi, ngati n'koyenera. Popanda chinyezi mbewu mwina youma ndi kukhala zosafunika kubzala.

kukula nkhaka

Kutentha okonda zomera sinthawi zimafalitsidwa mbande, ndi mbewu. Ndi kukonzekera moyenera kubzala zakuthupi mbewu nkhaka akhoza kukolola kale m'ma June. M'pofunikanso kusankha mitundu yabwino chikhalidwe, nthawi anayesedwa: Kaso, Murom 36, Altay oyambirira, mpikisano, Zozulya, Sitimayo inagunda, kugwa, Crystal ndi ena ambiri.

Kodi kudzala nkhaka mbewu? Izi ndi losavuta mokwanira, mukhoza kukula iwo kutchire ndi wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo pawindo. Nkhaka mbewu ndi zosavuta, inu muyenera kuti mabedi ndi wokonzeka kusiya mbewu. Nkofunika kudziwa mitundu kuti adzapereka zokolola khola. Tsopano m'masitolo mbewu kupereka mitundu wosakanizidwa. mitundu mikhalidwe ndi chisamaliro wovuta. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti therere osayenera anthu. Ngati inu kufufuza zambiri za momwe kumera mbewu za nkhaka, zokolola zonse kukhala wolemera.