Maziko mbiri ya nkhaniyo "Taras Bulba". zochitika zenizeni mbiriyakale kuti chimayambitsa nkhani

Mbali yaikulu ya ntchito yaluso pa mutu mbiri - chakuti wolemba organically Chili mmenemo nkhani ya zochitika zimene zinachitika mu Ndipotu, zolembalemba chipangizo ndi zopeka wolemba. Chinachake zachilendo chikutanthauza nkhani ya Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba": zochitika m'mbiri si chinaneneratu Komanso pamene kuwerenga ndi zina kovuta kudziwa nthawi yanji kanthu udzachitika - 15, 16 kapena 17 atumwi. Komanso, palibe amene akutchulidwa si munthu mbiri, kuphatikizapo yokha Taras. Ngakhale izi, kuyambira Kubwera kwa mankhwala ndi anatchula nkhani yaikulu, nthawi zina amatchedwanso buku la. mphamvu ndi lonse "Taras Bulba" ndi chiyani?

Mbiri ya nkhani chilengedwe

Uthenga kwa Mlembi Cossacks mutu sanali mwangozi. A mbadwa ya chigawo Poltava, kuyambira ali mwana anamva za zochita zozizwitsa kwa anthu pa kulimbana ndi achilendo ambiri achilendo. Kenako, pamene Gogol kale anayamba kulemba ndi chidwi chapadera iye linachititsa ngati wolimba ndi wokhulupirika m'nyumba ya anthu ngati Taras Bulba. The Sich ambiri. Kawirikawiri Cossacks anakhala serfs wakale - apeza nyumba pano ndi comrades.

NV Gogol anaphunzira malo ambiri pa phunziro ili, kuphatikizapo zolembedwa mbiri Chiyukireniya, kufufuza mbiri ndi Boplana Myshetsky. Sanakhutire Werengani (m'malingaliro mwake, iwo ndi mfundo zochepa, amene sanali okwanira kumvetsa moyo wa anthu), Gogol anatembenukira kwa m'nthano. Mbiri nyimbo , m'Chiarabu anadzipereka kuti ngwazi dziko, za maonekedwe a chikhalidwe, miyambo ndi njira ya moyo wa Cossacks. Iwo anapereka kwambiri wolemba "moyo" zakuthupi, amene wakhala Kuwonjezera chachikulu magwero sayansi, ndipo ena storylines mu mawonekedwe kukonzedwa m'gulu nkhaniyo.

Maziko a mbiriyakale ya nkhani

"Taras Bulba" - buku la anthu ufulu amene anakhalako m'zaka 16-17th, dera la malo Dnieper. Icho chinali chimake cha Zaporizhzhya Sich - dzina lake amachokera chakuti kunalimbikitsa kumbali zonse ndi mpanda wa mitengo akugwa - mabanga. Munalinso moyo ndi ulamuliro. Pansi kuukira pafupipafupi ndi Poland, Turkey, Lithuanians Cossacks anali amphamvu kwambiri, asilikali ophunzitsidwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri zimene anakhala ndi nkhondo ndi nkhondo ndi zikho anakhala njira yaikulu ya ang'onoang'ono. Sichangozi kufotokoza Taras Bulba ndi Svetlitsa mu nyumba kumene ankakhala yekha mkazi wake, muli zizindikiro zambiri za msasa moyo wa asilikali.

1596 anasonyeza koopsya kwa anthu Chiyukireniya, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo kulamulidwa ndi Lithuanians ndi Zitsulo. Rzeczpospolita anatenga mgwirizano kugwirizanitsa pansi pa ulamuliro wa awiri zipembedzo Mkhristu Papa: Orthodox ndi Akatolika. Kusankha anapanga zambiri zovuta asapita zovuta pakati pa Zitsulo ndi Cossacks zinachititsa kutsegula atasemphana asilikali. Nthawiyi ndi Gogol anakhala nkhani yake.

Image wa Zaporozhye Sech

The m'sukulu za pulayimale maphunziro a kulimbikira, ankhondo mtima chinali njira yapadera ya moyo ndi kasamalidwe, ndi aphunzitsi - odziwa Cossacks, osati kuwonetsa luso lawo pankhondo. Mmodzi wa iwo anali msilikali Taras Bulba. mbiri yake - nkhani za mapangidwe patriot woona, amene koposa zonse, ndi zofuna ndi ufulu lawo lapansi.

Zaporizhzhya Sich ali ngati Republic ndi mfundo za a anthu ndi ofanana. Mishka anasankhidwa mwa chigamulo otchuka, kawirikawiri pakati pa choyenera kwambiri. Pa nkhondo, ndi Cossacks anayenera mosayang'anira kumvera iye, koma yamtendere ndi ntchito zake zinaphatikizapo kusamalira Cossacks.

The Sich zonse anakonza moyo ndi nkhondo anthu ake: ntchito mitundu yonse ya zokambirana ndi Wampekera, anakweza ng'ombe. Zonsezi adzaona Ostap ndi Andriy, pamene iwo kubweretsa pano Taras Bulba.

Nkhani Mwachidule alipo Republic of Zaporozhye anasonyeza njira yatsopano yokonza moyo wa munthu potengera ubale, mgwirizano ndi ufulu, osati kupondereza ofooka kukhala olimba.

sukulu Home kwa Cossack - kumenyana ubale

Za kuti, kodi mapangidwe anyamata akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi chitsanzo cha ana a Taras, Ostap ndi Andriy. Iwo anamaliza maphunziro ku seminare, pambuyo njira zawo kugona Zaporozhye. Atate akukumana ana pambuyo kulekana yaitali si kundikumbatira ndi kundipsompsona, ndi kuyesa mphamvu zawo makofi ndi luso.

Moyo Taras Bulba anali wodzichepetsa, umboni ndi phwando polemekeza ana ( "kuukoka ... nkhosazo, mbuzi ... inde burner kwambiri" - mawu awa Cossack akale akutembenukira kwa mkazi wake), ndi kugona panja, pansi pa thambo lotseguka.

Ngakhale tsiku osati anakhala Ostap ndi Andriy kunyumba atapita kale Sich, kumene iwo anayembekezera chiyanjano yabwino ndi zochita ulemerero dziko lawo ndi chipembedzo. bambo awo ankakhulupiriranso kuti weniweni wa sukulu chifukwa iwo angakhoze kokha nawo akumenyana nkhondo.

Zaporozhtsy

Kupemphera Sich, Taras ndi ana ake anaona kwabasi kugona pakati pa msewu ndi Cossack. Iye analitambasuladi ngati mkango, ndipo konsekonse chidwi. Lonse kunyanja, thalauza, monyadira ikuchitika pa forelock (izo ndithudi anachoka pa tsitsi lakelo), kavalo wabwino - anayang'ana Cossack weniweni. Sichangozi ndi ngwazi chachikulu cha nkhani ikunena za ana kuitana yomweyo kusintha "ziwanda" zovala (iwo anadza ku seminare) kuti Cossack wina woyenera. Ndipo iwo kwenikweni basi kusandulika mu nsapato Morocco, thalauza lonse, bulauzi ndi nkhosa zipewa chofiira. Image lowonjezera Turkey mfuti ndi saber lakuthwa. Kuzizwa ndi kunyada anachititsa amakhala pa ulemerero mahatchiwo stalwarts bambo ake.

Maziko mbiri ya nkhaniyo "Taras Bulba" unkayenera wolemba azisamalila Cossacks mosakondera. Ndi onse ulemu kwa iwo ndi mtima wawo, Gogol zoona kuti nthawi zina khalidwe lawo linachititsa kutsutsika mwanzeru. Izi anena kuti miyoyo kuledzera ndi wosadziletsa adamka pakati ndewu, nkhanza kwambiri (cha kupha zigawenga anawaika m'manda ku manda ndi wovulalayo moyo) ndi mlingo wochepa chikhalidwe.

Mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa

Ubwino waukulu wa Cossacks chinali chifukwa chakuti mwadzidzidzi akhoza asonkhanitsidwa mofulumira n'kumaganiza khamu logwirizana ndi mdani. kudzipereka kwawo, partiotizm, kulimba mtima ndi odzipereka kwa chifukwa chofala analibe malire. Mu nkhani kuposa kamodzi anasonyeza Taras Bulba. Wambiri ena ankhondo otchuka pakati pawo anakumana Tovkach, Kukubenko Paulo Hubenko, Mosy Silo wamng'ono Ostap, monga kwanenedwa.

Bwino mgwirizano ndi ntchito yaikulu ya Cossacks ankalankhula madzulo wa zikuluzikulu nkhondo Bulba: "Palibe chomangira kudzionetsa mgwirizano" Mawu ake mawu a nzeru kwambiri ndi chikhulupiriro woyera zomwe ndi anzake kuteteza ndi choyenera. Mu mphindi yovuta mawu a Taras ankakuwa Cossacks kukumbutsidwa ntchito yawo yopatulika kuteteza comrades awo, nthawizonse kukumbukira chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi kudzipereka ku dzikolakwathu. Choopsa kwambiri kwa Cossack anali mwala: silinena tiwonana kwa aliyense. Taras amapha mwana wake kudziwa kuti chifukwa chokonda okongola Polish mtsikana anasankha zofuna za anthu. Popeza nsinga za ubale zinali zofunika kwambiri kuposa magazi. Popeza kuti mfundo imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi zenizeni, zikusonyeza maziko mbiri ya nkhaniyo.

Taras Bulba - woimira zabwino Cossacks

Wapolisiyo ndi khalidwe wokhwimitsa zinthu zakale ulemerero njira. Glorious comrade Ataman ndi kuti akhoza kuthandiza ndi mawu olimbikitsa ndi kupereka malangizo abwino pa nthawi yovuta. Iye ankada yoyaka kwa mdani, encroached pa chikhulupiriro Orthodox, ndipo sanalekerere moyo wake chifukwa cha chipulumutso cha Mama ndi abale ake m'manja. Anazolowera moyo free, zili ndi munda woyera ndipo zinali wodzichepetsa mu moyo. Choncho Gogol imamveka mbali yaikulu. Moyo wake wonse wakhala nkhondo ndi nthawizonse mu malo owopsa. Zida, fodya chitoliro ndi zabwino kavalo Taras Bulba munamutcha chuma chake chachikulu. Komabe, iye akanakhoza nthabwala ndi pobalagurit, atakhutira ndi moyo wake. Poona kuti mwana wamng'ono wa ngwazi kunyada otchuka anali kwa Ostap. Kuika miyoyo yawo, Bulba anafika kumalo kuphedwa, kwa nthawi yotsiriza kumuona. Ndipo pamene Ostap anapirira yomenyera imfa, pa yomaliza adamuyitana, anali wamfupi, anadzidzimuka m'dera lonse, anasonyeza kunyada kwake, kulimbikitsana ndi kuthandizana osati mwana wake, koma mzimu anzake, comrade. Mpaka mapeto a moyo adzalira mwana wake Taras ndi kubwezera imfa yake. zinamuchitikira kuwonjezerapo kuti nkhanza ndi udani wa mdani, koma sanali kuswa chifuniro chake ndi mphamvu.

Nkhani si mwachizolowezi kwa ponena za ngwazi Taras Bulba, ngati si kofunika. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti ali ndi makhalidwe amene anathandiza mu nthawi wankhanza.

Kusinjirira Taras mu zochitika za kuphedwa

Mapangidwe a ngwazi za anatsiliza za imfa yake, kuti Kumbali yaikulu kupusa. The ngwazi akutengedwa mkaidi, monga anaŵerama kukatenga chitoliro wagwa - ngakhale iye safuna kupatsa mdani wotembereredwa. Apa Taras anati wowerengeka ngwazi: dazeni atatu anthu nkomwe wakutheker kugonjetsa izo.

Mu zochitika otsiriza wolemba limafotokoza si kupweteka kwa moto, amene anali ngwazi, ndipo nkhawa yake yoti tsoka anzawo kwinaku ndikulimbana ndi mtsinje. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, zake ndi ulemu, pamene okhulupirikabe mfundo mkulu wa mgwirizano. Koposa zonse, iye ankakhulupirira kuti moyo Sunakhalepo pachabe. Kuti anali weniweni Cossack.

Tanthauzo la ntchito lero

Maziko mbiri ya nkhani "Taras Bulba" - ndi nkhondo yomasula anthu ndi Aisiraeli, encroached pa dziko lake ndi chikhulupiriro. Chifukwa mzimu cholimba cha anthu monga Taras Bulba, mwana wake ndi comrades, izo zikanakhala zotheka osati kuteteza ufulu ndi ufulu.

The mankhwala a Nikolai Gogol ndi zilembo zake ambiri anakhala chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi kukonda dziko lako, choncho sadzataya kufunika kwake ndi kufunika.