Maulendo ku Kaliningrad ndi dera

Imodzi mwa mizinda yosangalatsa kwambiri ndi yoyambirira ya Russia, mosakayikira, ndi Kaliningrad. Maulendo akuzungulira mzindawo ndi okondweretsa kwambiri. Inde! Pambuyo pa zonsezi, mukhoza kupita ku Amber Museum yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kukayendera manda a filosofi wamkulu kwambiri, ndikuyendayenda m'mabwinja a umodzi wa mizinda yambiri.

Mabuku ambirimbiri omwe amapita ku Kaliningrad ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Pskov, Poland ndi mabungwe a Baltic. Tiyeni tipite ku mzinda wodabwitsa ndi wakale!

Kaliningrad ndi mzinda kudutsa zaka zambiri

Kaliningrad ndi mzinda wodabwitsa kwambiri. Mzimu wa ku Ulaya pano umamvekera pamtunda uliwonse. Kaliningrad, kapena Koenigsberg, monga momwe imatchulidwira nthawi zambiri, ndi mbiri yakale ndi zochitika zambiri zosangalatsa. Ndichifukwa chake ulendo wa Kaliningrad ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ukufunidwa lero.

Mzindawu uli ndi malo apadera, chifukwa dera lino ndilo pakati pa Lithuania ndi Poland ndipo silikugwirizana ndi Russia yense. Kumbali inanso, chidziwitso chapadera ichi cha mzimu wa Russia ndi European chimachititsa alendo ambiri ochokera m'mayiko oyandikana nawo.

Mbiri ya mzindawo inayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene pano, pamphepete mwa nyanjayi, nyumba ya Teutonic inayikidwa. "Mountain Mountain" (kapena, m'Chijeremani, Königsberg) - izi ndi momwe apikisano apakati akale adatchulidwira. Pafupi panthawi imodzimodziyo pali malo okhala m'midzi yoyandikana nayo. Mizinda yonse yakaleyi ikuphatikizidwa masiku ano muulendo wopita ku Kaliningrad ndi ku Kaliningrad.

Patapita nthawi, nyumbayi idasandulika tawuni yaing'ono yomwe tchalitchi chimamangidwa, yunivesite ikukhazikitsidwa. Pasanapite nthawi Koenigsberg amakhala malo ofunika kwambiri ku East Prussia. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, mzindawo unali gawo la USSR ndipo adatchedwanso Kaliningrad. Mwamwayi, anavutika kwambiri ndi ntchito za usilikali: pafupifupi 80% mwa nyumba za mbiri yakale zinawonongedwa. Komabe, pali chinachake choti muwone oyendera lero.

Zochitika ku Kaliningrad zikuchitika, monga lamulo, ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale omwe amawerengedwa bwino, omwe amakonda dziko lawo. Choncho, iwo adzatha kuuza kwambiri alendo ndi alendo onse a mzinda wa Baltic.

Kaliningrad yamakono: maulendo, maulendo

Zinthu zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri pakati pa anthu okaona malo mumzindawu ndi Amber Museum, Cathedral ndi manda a filosofi Immanuel Kant, "Village Village" komanso "malo osungirako nsomba" a m'zaka za m'ma 1900. Ulendo waukulu wokaona malo ku Kaliningrad, monga lamulo, umaphatikizapo kuyendera zokopa zonsezi.

Alendo mumzindawu amakopeka ndi mabungwe apanyumba. Kotero, ku Koenigsberg, mipiringidzo yambiri, yokonzedwa ku British kapena English, komwe mungathe kumadya zokometsera zokoma ndi zokometsera. Maulendo omwe ali pafupi ndi Kaliningrad ndi dera samangoyenda kudutsa m'misewu yakale komanso ulendo wautali, komanso kuyendera ku zokongola zambiri zachilengedwe m'dera lino. Koma malo awa adzakambidwa kanthawi pang'ono. Tsopano tidzakhala tikudziŵa bwino zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri mumzindawu.

Ulendo wotchuka kwambiri ku Kaliningrad umaphatikizapo kuyendera ku Chilumba cha Kant ndi tchalitchi chachikulu cha XIV, malo otchedwa "King Friedrich-Wilhelm I", Mudzi wa Nsomba, owonetsa alendo kuzipata za mzinda wakale komanso zotsalira. Ambiri amakhalanso ndi chidwi chochezera Amalienau - malo omwe mungamvepo mtima wa Prussian Königsberg wakale.

State Museum of Amber

Zochitika ku Kaliningrad n'zovuta kulingalira popanda kuyendera bungwe lapaderali. Iyi ndi nyumba yaikulu kwambiri yosungirako zinthu zamatabwa m'mayiko, komanso chikhalidwe chokha cha mtundu umenewu m'dzikoli, choperekedwa kwa mchere umodzi wokha. Ndipo nanga!

Amber, monga momwe akudziwira, ndi utomoni wa mitengo yamtengo wapatali, yomwe miyandamiyanda yapitazo inali mumadzi a m'nyanja ndipo amasandulika kukhala mchere ndikukhala mchere. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inatsegulidwa mu 1979 mu nsanja ya Don.

Pali zipinda 28 zomwe mungathe kuwona zidutswa za amber zopitirira 4 kilogram, komanso zinthu zikwi ziwiri kuchokera pamenepo. Izi ndizojambula, ziboliboli, mbale, zokongoletsera, zitsanzo za sitima ndi zina zambiri.

Mzinda wa Nsomba ndi Island of Kant

Mzinda wa nsomba ndi mbiri ya chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, malo okondwerera malo a tchuthi kwa anthu a Kaliningrad ndi alendo a mzindawo. Ntchito pa chilengedwe chake inayamba mu 2006. Imeneyi ndi nyumba zovuta kwambiri zomangidwa m'Chijeremani, chomwe chili pamphepete mwa mtsinje wa Pregoli, pakati pa mapiri a High and Honey. Pakatikati muli zinthu zingapo. Awa ndiwo mahoteli, mahoitchini, malo odyera, nsanja yawonongeka, zolemba ndi masewera a masewera ndi zosangalatsa.

Mzinda wina ndi chilumba cha Kant ndi Cathedral Gothic Cathedral, yomwe inamangidwa mu 1380. Nyumba yopatulika inawonongeka kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Tsopano nyumbayi imakhala ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso holo ku misonkhano.

Mu 1804, katswiri wina wafilosofi wachi Germany Immanuel Kant anaikidwa m'manda a tchalitchi chachikulu. Zaka 120 pambuyo pake, mausolumamu ophiphiritsira omwe anali ndi bokosi lamwala anamangidwa pafupi ndi kachisiyo polemekeza woganiza. Komabe, Kant mwiniyo sanaikidwe mmenemo.

Zolimba za Koenigsberg

Mzinda wake wa mbiriyakale unagonjetsa katatu katatu: mu XIV, XVII ndi XIX zaka. Pa nthawi yotsiriza yoteteza, njira yamphamvu yamagulu, zipata zamzinda ndi zinyumba zinalengedwa. Chomaliza chinamangidwa zidutswa 15. Iwo ali kumbali zonse kumanja ndi kumanzere kumanzere kwa Pregol.

Chochititsa chidwi: Nkhondo Yoyamba Yadziko lonse inadutsa Kaliningrad, kotero mipanda ya mzindawo sinakhudzidwe. Koma pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, iwo, molakwika, adagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna cholinga chawo. Makoma amphamvu a mipanda ingathe kupirira ngakhale kugunda kwa makapu 305 mm!

Mphamvu yabwino mumzindawu inali Fort No. 3 (dzina lakale ndi Kvednau). Masiku ano akuyendera alendo.

Malo okondweretsa m'madera a Kaliningrad

Madera a Kaliningrad ndi osangalatsa komanso olemera mmadera kuposa malo oyang'anira dera. Chidwi cha okaona ndi midzi yaying'ono ya dera lino: Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk, Baltiysk ndi ena.

Mzinda wa Svetlogorsk ndi malo oyamba komanso otchuka ku gombe la Baltic. Panthawi ina apo Thomas Mann wolemba nkhani ndi wolemba nkhani Hoffmann. Ndipo mu mzinda pali chiwalo chokongola, chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha phokoso lonselo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic. Svetlogorsk modabwitsa anasungidwa bwino, ngakhalenso zaka zowonongeka za nkhondo zomwe sizinagwire.

Mzinda wina wokondweretsa kwambiri wa Kaliningrad ndi Baltiysk. Pano pali malo okongola otchedwa promenade promenade, malo okongola kwambiri a Pillau komanso Museum yosangalatsa ya Baltic Fleet.

Kuthamanga kwa Curonian: ulendo wa Kaliningrad

Curonian Spit ndi mapangidwe apadera omwe ali pamakilomita 50 kumpoto kwa Kaliningrad. "Ufumu wa nyanja, matope ndi mawu a mbalame" - monga momwe adanenera malo awa akumwamba Wilhelm von Humboldt.

Mphungu ya mchenga imathamanga makilomita 98. Lero ligawidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri - Russia ndi Lithuania. Zowonjezera za Curonian Spit zimayambira mamita 400 kufika 4 makilomita.

Olemba mabuku amanena kuti palibe chifaniziro cha maphunziro achilengedwe ku Ulaya konse. Pa malo ang'onoang'ono mungathe kuona zachilengedwe za m'chipululu ndi tundra. Pano pali dune lakumtunda ndi kumpoto kwa Efa, lomwe likukula mamita 64.

Maulendo opita ku spit kuchokera ku Kaliningrad amachitidwa nthawi zonse. Pa kilomita 37 ya msewu, alendo onse amayima kuti awone ndi maso awo chinthu chosazolowereka cha nkhalango ya pine - yotchedwa nkhalango. Mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ya m'deralo imakhala yopota ndipo imapotozedwa m'njira yodabwitsa. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha zodabwitsa izi ndi mbozi ya nyengo yozizira imene imatha, yomwe imadyetsa maluwa a pini omwe amawombera, ndikupotoza kukula kwawo.

Kuyendayenda kuchokera ku Kaliningrad kupita ku Poland

Mitengo ndi Ajeremani ndi alendo ambiri ku Koenigsberg wakale. Kumbali inanso, Kaliningradians amafunanso kuyendera mayiko oyandikana nawo monga alendo. Choncho, ulendo wopita ku Poland kuchokera ku Kaliningrad ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku Russia. Pambuyo pake, ndikuponya mwala ku malire akummwera, ndipo pambuyo pake - zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa!

Choyamba, ndi bwino kuonetsa mzinda wa Gdansk wa ku Poland ndi zipilala zake zamakono zakale zamakono. Makilomita 60 kum'mwera kwa malire ndi tawuni ya Olsztyn, yomwe ili m'ndende komwe Nikolai Copernicus ankakhala ndi kugwira ntchito. Chokongola kwambiri ndi Elblong ndi mipingo yake ya Gothic ndi nyumba zakale za Renaissance.

Pomaliza ...

Kaliningrad, zokopa, maulendo, zokopa ... Mawu onsewa ndi ogwirizana kwambiri. Mzinda wamakono umakhala wovuta kwambiri kulingalira popanda anthu oyenda paulendo ndi alendo omwe anabwera kuchokera ku madera ena a Russia, komanso ku Poland, Lithuania, Germany.

Maulendo opita ku Kaliningrad ndi ku Kaliningrad dera akukhala otchuka kwambiri komanso akufunidwa. Ku "malo asanu" pamwamba pa zochititsa chidwi mumzindawu, tinganene kuti Cathedral, Museum of Amber, "Village Village", Fort No. 3 "King Friedrich-Wilhelm I", zoo mumzinda, Amalienau - dera la Prussia lopulumutsidwa bwino.

Komanso otchuka kwambiri ndi ulendo wopita ku Curonian Spit kuchokera ku Kaliningrad, komanso ku midzi ina ya dera - Baltiysk, Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk.