Matenda imalandira: mitundu, zizindikiro, chithandizo. matenda kwenikweni ndi ampatuko

matenda a ubongo zisakuyenda kwambiri wamba ndi zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukalamba mtundu, kawirikawiri kuvulala m'mutu. A malo apadera mwa matenda a ubongo zatenga matenda kwenikweni ndi ampatuko.

Kodi zikutanthauzanji matenda amenewa?

Kuphwanya ndi ntchito ampatuko imalandira ndinu olephera ndi wapezeka mu ubongo kapena mitsempha zotumphukira mathero a zikuchitika kapena zinthu zina. Ichi ndi chifukwa yomanga pachithunzichi mgwirizano ubongo mu ubongo kapena pamene pali vuto lililonse, osati kupereka zikhumbo mitsempha kwa mkatikati. Ngati kuphwanya ndi akupezeka kotekisi oziziritsa, ngati kulakwila ndi amatchedwa zasekondale ndi wa ampatuko (monga izo, koma ena nyumba ubongo amapezeka processing wa nkhani zonse zikubwera kuchokera manyuroni zotumphukira).

Ngati poyamba amakhudza misempha zotumphukira, kapena njira, mu nkhani iyi, pali kukhudza kaphatikizidwe matenda (monga kwenikweni akuvutika msana afferent mitsempha nthambi, ndi kulenga zimachitika magetsi amakhala pa chintchito chachikulu molondola). Popeza kotekisi oziziritsa ndi zotumphukira molekezera mitsempha angachichite ntchito zawo limodzi okha, matenda amaonedwa ngati amodzi.

Kusiyana pakati pa mlingo chapakati ndi zotumphukira

Matenda chiyambi chapakati, monga dzina lake likunenera, ndi kuwonetseredwa mu zotupa ubongo - kuchitira onse ukubwera pakati zambiri. Brain minofu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nchifukwa chake ndi ampatuko matenda zafala mwamphamvu. Popeza zambiri mu ndondomeko pathological nawo onse a matabwa ake, ndipo angathe mavuto a m'maganizo. Pankhaniyi, pali psychosensory matenda. matenda kwenikweni ndi chifukwa chiwonongeko cha zotumphukira mantha dongosolo mlingo - zolandilira komanso mwachindunji cranial makungwa mitsempha. Kukhala kwambiri zambiri ndi zambiri sikutanthauza chithandizo (kupatulapo - neuropathy).

matenda Zosonyeza ali osokonezeka zambiri. Kawirikawiri chifukwa kuledzera ndi mankhwala psychotropic (sikuti mankhwala ndi mowa) kapena matenda zokhudza zonse ya ubongo.

Mitundu kachitidwe kachipangizo m'thupi la munthu

Ntchito yaikulu anatumizidwa maganizo - amaonera zikuchitika akubwera kuchokera kunja. Kuti zigwirizane ndi chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ankaufulula kulenga nyumba lapadera kwa maganizo onse a mudziwe kubwera kuchokera kunja.

Chifukwa chakuti nyemba zonse zosiyana mu dongosolo lawo ndi chirengedwe, pali magulu asanu kachitidwe chipangizo - pamaso, kumva, kununkhiza, kukhudza, kulawa. Aliyense ali mosamalitsa yeniyeni, ndi ziwalo zawo za kuzindikira, malo ake mu kotekisi oziziritsa udindo processing mudziwe ukubwera.

Aliyense wa kachitidwe ali zolandilira yake ili mu malo enieni (kupatula khungu, amene zolandilira ili pamwamba pake lonse). Zolandilira amasiyana dongosolo lawo, ndi mtundu wa chikoka pa iwo.

msokonezo amamva kubwera zikuchitika ndi mosamalitsa yeniyeni aliyense dongosolo, ndi kuti Choncho ndikofunikira disassemble aliyense wa iwo.

psychanopsia

Zithunzi chisokonezo zimakhala kusawona bwino kwa zinthu, yosokoneza, ndipo iwo amabwera chifukwa pa kukanika womwewo wa nyumba ocular. Mosiyana, mkhutu kwenikweni maganizo ndi m'njira chotupa (imeneyi - misempha chamawonedwe) ndi kotekisi oziziritsa (amangoona mu zotupa za Lobe occipital ubongo). Psychanopsia zambiri komanso motsagana ndi yaitali kukumbukira chotupa, makamaka limakhudza latching ndi kulenga zithunzi za chinthu m'maganizo.

matenda imalandira nthawi limodzi ndi kuphwanya maganizo a mtundu gamut wa nkhaniyi. Zikuoneka mu kugonjetsedwa kwa cones - maselo cholandilira ili mu diso, kuchititsa khungu akufotokozera. Violation akhoza yodziwika ndi kupotoza mawonekedwe a zinthu m'maganizo (podziwa kuti chinthu monga mpira, kuzungulira, munthu wodwala amaona chowulungika, ili ndi zophuka - ngati chikhalidwe zambiri akufotokozera mu kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, makamaka, ndi imeneyi amatanthauza matenda a ampatuko) . Ampatuko chisokonezo kwenikweni ndi zithunzi kumachitika nthawi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo a magwero osiyanasiyana.

Kulakwila maganizo phokoso

Kumva ndi chifukwa uziyenda yachibadwa ya dongosolo kuchititsa maphunziro a khutu - likalowa m'makutu, ossicles wa khutu pakati ndi cochlea lamkati. Imalandira kuwonongeka (ugonthi) Nthawi zambiri kukhala zotupa kapena underdevelopment wa ossicles Makutu (nyundo Chipala, stapes). Ngati chosayenerera ali zotupa pa hypothalamic (likulu kuzindikira kwa zikhumbo imalandira kuchokera limba) komanso mu Lobe zosatha wa kotekisi oziziritsa, kukutanthauza kuti Makutu chisokonezo chipangizo chowunikira. Childs, kuyan'anila awa akuwonetseredwa pa m'badwo woyambirira, nchifukwa chake nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafunso za matenda chipangizo cha ana.

matenda ampatuko kudzali pamene pali kusintha mu lobes a mwakanthawi. Iwo nthawi zambiri mumaziona mu kutanganidwa maganizo mwamphamvu phokoso (otsika phokoso zikuwoneka titangomva mokweza ndi mosinthanitsa), kuphwanya kumvetsa zimene anamva (mu kufanana ndi Lobe zosatha mu ndondomeko amatenda Wernicke m'dera - likulu la kulankhula maganizo).

kuphwanya fungo

matenda Olfactory imalandira zambiri kukhala chifukwa cha zotupa mucosal wa m'mphuno (makamaka, wachitatu ake pamwamba, kumene zotumphukira mitsempha mathero a mitsempha olfactory). Nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zofukiza inhalation lakuthwa, amayaka mucosal anakumana ndi nthunzi yotentha, komanso zoopsa nasopharynx. Pamene deta izi mathero zolandilira sakukhoza kuzindikira mamolekyulu onunkhira, chifukwa cha zomwe akufotokozera ndi kukakala kwa zofukiza.

Kulakwila fungo kuzindikira aonekera kuvulala kwa ubongo, kukha magazi mu hippocampus ndi ziwalo, komanso mwa mapangidwe focal pathological zikhumbo izi m'madera kuwonekera chifukwa ntchito psychoactive zinthu - monga LSD, zonunkhira, komanso pa maziko a ena Psychiatric matenda, limodzi ndi matenda hallucinatory (mwachitsanzo, misala, ena a mitundu encephalopathies).

khumudwa kukhudza

Chogwirika tilinazo amayamba ndi maselo ili pafupifupi padziko lonse wa khungu. Iwo ali ndi udindo amaonera chinthu ndi ena a makhalidwe (kukula, kulemera, kutentha, mawonekedwe). Zonsezi ikukwaniritsa n'kupanga kugwirizana zovuta mopupuluma, akubwera kuchokera zolandilira imodzi. Only kuchepa tilinazo akufotokozera ndi matenda a zotumphukira mitsempha kugwirizana (mapeto makungwa). chifaniziro cha chinthu yokha analengedwa mu kotekisi oziziritsa, kawirikawiri - m'dera la Lobe mazunzo mwina - mwakanthawi. Chapakati kugonjetsedwa izi mabacteria (zoopsa ubongo choipa, sitiroko oziziritsa infarction, ndi poyizoni wa ena ziphe) kungachititse kuti mapangidwe ndi chotupa, imene onse ubongo kugwirizana lidzasweka, nchifukwa chake munthu sangathe bwino kuzindikira ndi Pangani mumtima mwanu ya nkhaniyi chifaniziro . Nthawi zambiri matendawa chifukwa kukonzanso kumangidwa zazindikirika molakwa pa muyezo umodzi kapena kuposerapo (wozungulira zikuwoneka athyathyathya ndipo ofunda - otentha kapena ozizira).

gustatory agnosia

Kukumana zolandilira zili ambiri pa lilime, ndi pa pamalo ake lateral. matenda imalandira zambiri kukhala amayaka wa nembanemba mucous ya chinenero, nchifukwa chake khungu tanthauzo la kukoma. Chotero chikhalidwe angathenso kupanga pamene kutsekereza zinthu zina (Mwachitsanzo, pali chofooka kukoma atatha kudya chakudya ozizira kapena otentha zonunkhira). Kugonjetsedwa tsinde kukoma mitsempha choipa kumachitika chifukwa cha minofu chibwano, komanso neuropathy kapena kupwetekedwa chinenero.

Kulakwila kuzindikira kukoma zambiri akufotokozera pambuyo sitiroko ndi magazi m'dera la thalamus ndi kotekisi oziziritsa, komanso ena neuroinfections (kakhosi, encephalitis). matenda ampatuko kukoma (koma amasonyeza yaitali yokha dysgeusia) kumachitika mu akazi apakati ndi maziko a preeclampsia kapena toxemia (mwachitsanzo, msomali pa kukoma zikuoneka losaiwalika ndi chakudya chokoma zodabwitsa).

A kuphatikiza osiyanasiyana matenda imalandira

Nthawi zambiri pamwamba chisokonezo imalandira angathe payekhapayekha mzake. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda chopatsa chitukuko pamodzi. The odziwika chitsanzo cha matendawa ndi chisokonezo kwenikweni mu ofoola ziwalo.

Matendawa ali ndi makhalidwe oipa kukula kwa ubongo zotupa chisindikizo minofu ndi kuchuluka mu minofu awo connective. Amenewa matenda ndi zambiri likupezeka mu zaka wamkulu kuposa 50-60, koma pali milandu chitukuko ndi anthu okwanira wamng'ono (zaka 30-35).

matenda ampatuko kuwonekera milandu pamene zotupa ngati kukhala m'munda wa processing wa nyemba ukubwera (T. E. M'madera a ubongo komwe amaonera kutiganizitsa matawuni akuluakulu).

Violation likuchotsedwa ndi kuzindikira ndi kutanthauzira kwa mankhwala okwanira a ofoola ziwalo yomwe inayamba pa siteji oyambirira a matenda. Ngati kukhala mochedwa ndi matenda yake, matenda kulowa udindo wa aakulu.

Chithandizo cha matenda kwenikweni ndi ampatuko

mankhwala enieni matenda tilinazo ndi sanalengedwe. miyezo achire ndi kuthetsa zimayambitsa (mwachitsanzo, sitiroko tikulimbikitsidwa posachedwapa zoletsa magazi cholinga (mu mawonekedwe hemorrhagic) kapena kuchepetsa kuti alandiridwa manambala kuthamanga (kwa sitiroko ischemic). Komabe, mankhwala sitiyenera kuyamba popanda choyamba kufunsira ndi katswiriyu ndi yamaganizo kuyambira kudzikonda zinthu izi akhoza kwambiri kuvulaza thanzi lanu.

Ngati chifukwa cha tilinazo matenda lamoto, frostbite, ndi mankhwala iyenera kuchitikira Malinga ndi kuopsa kwa choipa (m'mapapo zotupa ankachitira ndi chipangizo matenda akhoza kuchitika kunyumba, pamene lochepa aakulu - basi kapena pachipatala akayakaya wagawo). Cholandilira ntchito abwezeretsedwa pa mankhwala ndi pomwe thupi zikuchokera ma m'dera matenda a minofu (ngati kulemerako zolandilira zili nembanemba mucous kapena khungu, ndipo iwo, mudzachitira minofu ndi kuthekera mkulu regenerative).