Kapangidwe m'makalata a chuma - chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha dziko

Kwasonyeza Davide Ricardo, ku dziko lililonse ali ndi mtundu wosiyana ntchito poyerekeza ndi zolamula m'mayiko ena. Ndi pamaso pa ubwino m'madera ena, chifukwa kuti mayiko amakhazikika mu ulimi wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. N'zosatheka kuti malingana ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ubwino (zoona - malingana ndi kupezeka kwa chuma) aumbike mwa dongosolo ya nthambi ya chuma. Momwe aumbike ndipo kodi nyumba imeneyi, ife kufotokoza m'nkhani ino.

Kapangidwe m'makalata a chuma - ndi kapangidwe ndi chiŵerengero cha akuluakulu a mitundu chuma zomwe ikuchitika mkati dziko. Malinga amene ntchito amachuluka, kupanga mkati kapangidwe chuma cha boma, komanso malo ake mu msika lonse. Ndipotu m'makalata Kapangidwe ka chuma ndi chinthu chachikulu kutchukitsa boma ambiri monga ophunzira a zachuma. Mungasonyeze tawerenga unyolo limasonyeza atatu: kupezeka kwa zachilengedwe - makampani kapangidwe - udindo mu dziko msika. Taonani zotsatira za chuma Kapangidwe ka boma pa udindo wake. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo m'makalata a zachuma Russian wamangidwa mu njira yakuti migodi osakhala ndi izo makampani lolemera. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi zilili kumathandiza kuti malo zimabwezera logistically zaphindu zachilengedwe - gasi, mafuta, diamondi, zachitsulo miyala ndi zina zotero. Nawonso Russian dongosolo zachuma amasankha malo ake mu dziko msika ngati amagulitsa mafuta, gasi, zitsulo, ndi makampani lolemera. Poyankha, wapafupi Ukraine zina kwambiri ulimi - m'madera yaikulu m'dziko mkulu, chifukwa mu dongosolo m'makalata a zachuma Chiyukireniya danga ndithu khama ulimi ndi chakudya. Chifukwa, Ukraine waima amagulitsa chakudya ndi mphamvu importer, ndi Russia, pa mwake, imports ndi zogulitsa kunja mankhwala Chiyukireniya mphamvu.

Kapangidwe m'makalata a chuma zimagawidwa mu machitidwe awiri: gulu mayiko a nthambi za ntchito zachuma ndi gulu la Nkhani dziko.

Malinga ndi gulu makampani, kapangidwe m'makalata a chuma zochokera pa zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Pulayimale gawo - zikuphatikizapo malo a bizinesi monga ulimi wa zopangira (nkhuni, miyala, mafuta ndi gasi) komanso ulimi. Ndipotu gawo chachikulu zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse, kuphatikizapo mogwirizana mwachindunji anthu ndi chilengedwe, chikhalidwe amapereka chuma chilichonse.
2. The gawo yachiwiri ya chuma - zikuphatikizapo onse a makampani nawo processing a zipangizo ndi kubereka yomalizidwa mankhwala. Ndi gawo sekondale mulinso theka ndi mafakitale, amene kenako kukhala "zopangira" kubala chomaliza mankhwala.
3. gawo ukachenjede wa za cuma - ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, dera kupanga sanali zakuthupi. Izi zikuphatikizapo misonkhano uphungu, inshuwalansi, zakubanki wotuluka sheya ndi zina.

Natsschetov gulu dongosolo kumafuna kufunsa chopereka kwa GDP a zigawo izi:

1. tochepa gawo.
2. Gawo a sing'anga ndi mabizinesi lalikulu.
3. State-anali antchito omwe siaboma.

Malinga ndi sayansi, chizindikiro cha chuma kwambiri anayamba ndi predominance ya nthambi akuphatikizapo mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono zikugwira ntchito makamaka gawo utumiki. Kupemphera izi dongosolo muyezo nthambi ndi chizindikiro cha njira woona osankhidwa a chitukuko chuma cha boma.