Mark Tven: yochepa mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mark Tven, kanthawi yonena woimiridwa m'nkhani pansipa, ndi wolemba odziwika bwino. chikondi ndi kulemekeza padziko lonse, iye anaponya anatchuka ndi luntha lake. Kodi tsiku lake, kodi chofunika zachitika mu moyo wake? Mayankho kuwerenga m'munsimu.

A pang'ono wolemba

Ntchito ya Mark awiri kuwerenga kusukulu, monga iwo ali mbali kumene linalake. Onse akuluakulu ndi achinyamata akudziwa wolemba, kotero pano ndi nkhani yonena mwachidule Mark awiri kwa kalasi 5, chifukwa pozungulira ana nthawi timudziwe bwino buku lake zosangalatsa. ngwazi wathu sanali kokha wolemba, komanso munthu ndi khalidwe yogwira. luso lake ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi wololera m'njira moyo - monga wolemera ndi motley. Iye analemba Mitundu ambiri, kuyambira Zotengera ndi kutsiriza zopeka aumunthu. Aliyense wa iwo anakhalabe umunthu weniweni. Pa nsonga ya kutchuka kwake iwo anali m'gulu la Achimereka kwambiri. ndiAmene Russian ananena okweza: makamaka Gorky ndi Kuprin. Awiri anakhala zikomo wotchuka mabuku ake awiri - "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Tom Sawyer" ndi "Huckleberry Finn."

ubwana

Mark Tven, amene lalifupi yonena - mutu wathu wa nkhani, anabadwa mu Missouri mu chaka cha 1845. Patapita nthawi, banja anasintha malo awo okhala, anasamukira ku mzinda wa Hannibal. anafotokoza zambiri mu mabuku ake, anthu a mzinda uno. Iye anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa mutu wa banja, ndi udindo wonse wadutsa kwa anyamata. M'bale mkulu ankachita nawo kufalitsa kwa mwanjira kusamalira mabanja awo. Клеменс) пытался внести свою лепту, поэтому подрабатывал у брата наборщиком текста, а позже – автором статей. Mark Tven (weniweni dzina - Semyuel Lenghorn Clemens) anayesetsa kuti akhale chopereka, kotero m'bale wanga udachita Typewriting, ndipo kenako - kuti wolemba. The bravest ndi yowala munthu amadzinenera kulemba nkhani kokha pamene mchimwene wake Orion kwinakwake kwa nthawi yaitali kumanzere.

Pamene Civil nkhondo inayamba, Samuel wawayesa katswiri pa bolodi. Posachedwapa iye anabwerera ku ulendo ndipo anaganiza zochoka zochitika lowopsya la nkhondo monga momwe tingathere. Wolemba tsogolo zoziwika bwino kuti ngati si nkhondo, akanakhala pamoyo wake ku ntchito woyendetsa sitima. Mu 1861 anatumiza kumadzulo - kumene Siliva ncho. Musaganize kukopa woona ku nkhani anasankhidwa aganiza kutenga utolankhani. Pamakhala ntchito ku nyuzipepala ina ya ku Virginia, ndipo pamene Clemens anayamba kulemba kale pansi pseudonym wake.

alias

Dzina lenileni la ngwazi wathu Samuel Clemens. Iye anandiuza kuti dzina lake anayambitsa pa woyendetsa pa bwato, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a mtsinje navigation. M'chizungumo, liwuli limatanthauza "chizindikiro awiri". Pali lina za chiyambi cha dzina la. Mu 1861, Artemus Ward anafalitsa nkhani zoseketsa za oyendetsa atatu. Mmodzi wa iwo ankamutcha M. awiri. The chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti S. Klemenes ankakonda ndipo nthawi zambiri poyera kuwerenga ntchito za A. Ward.

bwino

Wambiri ya Mark awiri (mwachidule) zikuonetsanso kuti 1860, pambuyo wolemba anali ku Ulaya, lofalitsidwa buku lotchedwa "The osalakwa Lina". Zinali iye amene anali oyamba iye kutchuka ndi zolembalemba Society of America potsiriza nakokera wolemba wamng'ono chidwi.

Kuwonjezera kulemba, chimene wina anakhala Mark Tven? Short yonena kuti ana angakuuzeni kuti pafupifupi zaka khumi, wolemba kugwa m'chikondi ndi anasamukira ku Hartvord kwa mkwatibwi wake. Mu nthawi yomweyo, anayamba kutsutsa dziko American m'mabuku ake satirical ndi nkhani m'sukulu.

Wambiri ya Mark awiri mu English (lalifupi) limatiuza kuti mu 1976 wolemba lofalitsidwa buku la "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Tom Sawyer," amene anamubweretsa iye kutchuka lonse m'tsogolo. zaka 8 am'tsogolo analemba yachiwiri wotchuka ntchito lotchedwa "The Zopatsa Chidwi Gekklberri Finn." Wotchuka kwambiri buku mbiri ya wolemba "The Prince ndi opemphetsa."

Science ndi zinthu zina

Ndi nacho chinachake chochita ndi sayansi Mark Tven? Mwachidule yonena za wolemba sangathe popanda kutchulidwa kwa sayansi! Iye anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi nzeru zatsopano ndi ziphunzitso. mnzake wapamtima anali Nikola Tesla, amene wachita ena zatsopano. Amadziwika kuti amnzanga sangathe wotchi kuchokera labu, kuchita kafukufuku wina. Mu limodzi mwa mabuku ake wolemba ntchito wolemera luso mfundo, zimalimbikitsa mbali zochepetsetsa. Izi zikusonyeza kuti sanali bwino ena mawu. Ndipotu iye anali bwino kwambiri m'madera ambiri.

Kuposa amakonda Mark Tven? Mwachidule yonena angakuuzeni kuti anali wokamba kwambiri ndipo Nthawi zambiri pagulu. Anaona analanda mzimu wa omvera, ndipo sanamulole kupita mpaka kumapeto kwa mawu ake. Kumvetsa bwino zimene zimakhudza zingabweretse pa anthu ndipo wapeza kale okwanira limasonyeza zothandiza, wolemba ukugwira kupeza talente achinyamata ndi kuwathandiza kubooleza, kusonyeza talente awo. Mwatsoka, ambiri mbiri ya nkhani yake ndi maonekedwe onse ankangomumwaza anataya. Ena waletsa kufalitsa.

Awiri analinso Mason. The mphanga "kumalo ozizira Star" iye anabwera St. Louis m'chaka cha 1861.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa wolemba zinali zaka wake womaliza wa moyo. Zikuoneka kuti mavuto onse anaganiza kuti ambwandile iye mwakamodzi. Mu mabuku ndinaona kuchepa mphamvu zake kulenga, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo mavuto athu azachuma pansi kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, anadwala phiri kwambiri, kupha mkazi Oliviya Lengdon, ndipo atatu mwa ana anayi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Mark awiri ndi alesera kuti kukomoka, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nthabwala! Iye anafa wolemba kwambiri ndi luso m'chaka cha 1910 ku angina.