Mankurt - ndani izi? "Nthano ya mankurt"

Mawu akuti "mankurt" anayambitsa ndi Chingiz Aitmatov mu buku wake wotchuka "Tsiku Akhala Zoposa zaka zana". Izi zojambulajambula mankurt - Munthu linalandidwa, ntchito kuzunza mwankhanza inasanduka soulless wokakamiza cholengedwa waiwala zonse zokhudza moyo wake m'mbuyomu ndi kukwaniritsa malamulo iliyonse ya mbuye wake. mawu anakhala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mophiphiritsa, anakhala dzina banja. Ananyozedwa dzina lakuti "mankurt" akupita kwa anthu oiwala chiyankhulo cha Amalawi ndipo anyalanyaza chikhalidwe cha anthu ake.

The etymology mawu

Pali Mabaibulo angapo za chiyambi cha mawu. Moti Chingiz Aitmatov, kupeka mawu akuti "mankurt" lagona wakale wake Turkic adjective mungul, kutanthauza "opusa, zopanda nzeru, wopanda chifukwa." The chinenero Chikigizi masiku ano amanena kuti munthu wolemala ntchito mawu munju. Mogwirizana ndi chikoka mwagwirizana chinenero Mongolian ndi Chikigizi, tikhoza kuganiza kuti nauni "mankurt" amabwera kuchokera ku "manguu" - ". Chitsiru" mawu mawonekedwe ndi mtengo wa "wosayankhula, opusa, wopusa" ndipo N'zotheka kuti chizindikiro "mankurt" popangidwa ndi pophatikizana a Turkic mizu wakale gurut - "zouma" ndipo munthuyo - "m'chiwuno, kuvala lamba."

fuko zhuanzhuaney

Mu wachinayi kapena wachisanu m'ma AD Asia East chidafundidwa ndi ndondomeko resettlement. M'nthawi ya chipwirikiti m'chigawo cha Turkestan, Manchuria ndi Mongolia Western Union anatuluka mafuko wosamukasamuka, imene inali akapolo kumene losauka wamba, deserters. Ophatikizana okwana unenviable tsoka, anthu anakakamizika ofooka womvetsa chisoni alipo, kotero magulu yosokera ankasakidwa kuba. Pang'onopang'ono inasanduka gulu la achifwamba anthu anapita mu mbiri pansi pa dzina zhuanzhuaney. fuko limeneli ndi malamulo osiyana wosazindikira, kusowa mabuku ndi chikhalidwe, zonse nkhondowo wokonzeka ndi nkhanza aukali. Zhuanzhuani ankalamulira dziko kumpoto kwa China ndipo anakhala themberero lenileni kwa woyendayendawu Asia ndi oyandikana mayiko. Mankurt - munthu akapolo anthu zoopsa.

Kufotokozera wozunzikirapo

Ndi N'zosadabwitsa kuti anafotokoza Aitmatov nthano limatiuza chiyani zhuanzhuanyah. Only rootless ichi, ankhanza, anthu osatukuka a zipolowe anatha kuyambitsa ngati chipangizo, woipa mtima wozunzikirapo. Makamaka wankhanza fuko azichitira akaidi. Kuti atembenuke munthu mu mtumiki wangwiro, sanaganize za chiwembu ndi kuthawa, adatola kukumbukira ndi kuwuika wideness. Pakuti ndondomeko osankhidwa ndi ankhondo ndi mphamvu. Poyamba, kukhala wosasangalala kwathunthu mbacinga ncisi munsolo, kwenikweni anafukula aliyense tsitsi. Kenako anapha ngamila ndi kusonkhanitsa kwambiri wandiweyani, nuchae wa khungu. Nagawira mu magawo, Chikoka ake pansi pa maso a munthu ndi mutu ukapolo wa. Khungu, ngati pulasitala ndi ankadalira mwatsopano kumetedwa chigaza anthu. Izi zinkatanthauza kuika wideness. Ndiye tsogolo la akapolo ankavala ziyangoyango pa khosi, kotero kuti sangathe kukhudza pansi ndi mutu wake, womangidwa manja ndi miyendo, unatengedwa kwa steppe adachitira ndi anachoka kumeneko masiku angapo. Mu dzuwa, popanda chakudya ndi madzi, kuti pang'onopang'ono youma khungu, zitsulo hoop psinjika mutu, akaidi nthawi zambiri amamwalira ndi chilango mumamva. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito yotopetsa, tsitsi molunjika akapolo anayamba kumera, nthawizina iwo umalowa mu khungu la rawhide, koma nthawi zambiri litapotanitsidwa nadzipyoza khungu la mutu, ndi kuchititsa ululu moto. Pa nthawi imeneyi, akaidi anasiya maganizo ake. Only pa tsiku lachisanu la anthu osauka tidafika zhuanzhuani. Ngati mmodzi ogwidwa anapulumuka, amaona zabwino zonse. Ukapolo timasuke ku nsinga za, wokonda kumwa, anachira pang'onopang'ono mphamvu ndi thanzi.

mtumiki phindu mankurt

Anthu amene sindikukumbukira awo akale, ofunika kwambiri. Anali ndi ubwino pa mfundo za chuma za view. Mankurt - nyama, osati kulemedwa ndi chikumbumtima chawo "Ine" kuti wamangidwa kwa khamu, ngati galu. zosowa zake zokha - chakudya. Iye sasamala za ena nkomwe za kuthawa. mankurts, osati kukumbukira zimakhalira pachibale, chingathe kupirira payekha wopandamalire Sarozek osati amathawa nkhanza si zofunika zina ndi chisamaliro. Ndipo iwo anali nthawi yaitali, likunena, monotonously ntchito kwambiri zauve, yosasangalatsa, chopweteka ntchito. Iwo zambiri anaika kuti ngamila, ng'ombe, iwo vigilantly kulondera usana ndi usiku, dzinja ndi chilimwe, si kudandaula mavuto. mwamantha lamulo anali kwa iwo kuposa chilichonse. Mankurt anali ofanana ndi akapolo khumi wathanzi. Amadziwika kuti kupha mwangozi kapolo nkhondo internecine, kukonza zowonongeka, chipani mlandu adzakhala dipo la katatu kuposa kuti thupilo atsogoleri ufulu.

Nthano ya mankurt

Mu buku la "The Tsiku Akhala Zoposa zaka zana," mutu wina uli wodzipereka ndi nthano yakale. Za tsogolo la mkazi Kalanga dzina lake Ana Najman anati mu nthano wake Aitmatov. Mankurt, amene anamva za heroine nkhani, anatembenuka mwana wake chikusowa nkhondo. Kawirikawiri, ngakhale ngati achibale ziwalo nkaidi anaphunzira za tsoka lake loopsa, chinachake ndisanayesepo kudzampulumutsa. Munthu, osati kukumbukira zimakhalira pachibale, anakhalabe yekha chipolopolo akunja. Apo ayi adzaweruzidwa Naiman-Ana. Anaganiza chilichonse anali mwana kunyumba. Tikapeza mu osatha Sarozek mkaziyo anayesa kubweretsanso mnyamatayo kukumbukira. Komabe, ngakhale manja ofunda amayi, kapena zolankhula Loti, kapena bwino kwa lullabies mwana, palibe chakudya yophika pansi pa magazi omwe sanali kuthandiza wandende kukumbukira zakale. Ndipo pamene sioneka zhuanzhuani mankurt ouziridwa kuti Ana Najman akufuna kumunyenga, chipewa chake ndi nthunzi zovuta mutu mtumiki dzanja azilandira anaponya muvi mu mtima wa mayi. Ndi tsitsi akufa mkazi anagwa mpango woyera, iye anasanduka Donenbay mbalame amene anali akukuwa, kukumbutsa mankurt za bambo ake ndi kuiwalika m'dziko mbadwa.

folklore gwero

Author mwambo, monga tanenera kale - wotchuka wolemba Chingiz Aitmatov. Nthano ya mankurt Zikatero, akubwera kuchokera ku gwero lenileni la folklore ndi. Wolemba atamufunsa, adati kuti epic "Manas", mmodzi wa nthano wamkulu wa anthu Chikigizi, pali akutchula za kuwopsyeza kwa m'modzi wa asilikali ena mu chochitika cha chigonjetso kuwomba iye pa thambo la mutu wake kuti achotse kukumbukira. zina za nkhanza izi aakulu ndi munthu chifukwa cha wolemba aliyense mu folklore kapena mabuku sanapezeke. Kafukufuku K. Asanaliev kuphunzira epic "Manas", zopezeka mu chingwe izo, zimene adani akuyesera kuchiyika pa achinyamata Manas wideness.

mbiri yachindunji

Shiri - ndi rawhide ng'ombe imene anthu yoyendayenda Kale anapangidwa mbale. The Kirghiz unali maliro kugwirizana ndi ntchito kwa kuthambo. Ngati, chifukwa cha mavuto, iye ankayenera kuti kaye maliro a womwalirayo m'madera ena a thupi lake ndi kusunga zonse miyambo kamba atakulungidwa mu mlengalenga anapachikidwa pa mtengo wamtali. M'chaka cha womwalirayo anatengedwa ku manda makolo ndi komweko. Mumadziwika maumboni mphatso "wideness" kutanthauza "kapu rawhide ankavala pa mulandu mutu". fomu iyi kuzunzidwa anali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa anthu woyendayendawu. Ndi kupukuta khungu la shrank nyama, kuchititsa munthu kuti ululu mumamva. Mankurt - munthu anataya yokumbukira mchikakamizo cha wozunzikirapo amenewa, malinga Aitmatov. Ngati ife kuganiza kuti mawu akuti "thambo" a Mongolian chiyambi, mtengo wake - "khungu, khungu, syromyat". M'chinenero Chikigizi, pamodzi ndi chizindikiro ndi "Shiri" ofanana nawo ntchito: "shiresh" - "zikulire pamodzi, kukakamirana pamodzi" ndi "shirile" - "kuvala thambo la mutu wake."

kutanthauza nthano

Mwambo wa mankurt ndi wachibale wathu wapafupi ndi mutu waukulu Nkhani buku la "The Tsiku Akhala Zoposa zaka zana". Limafotokoza mankurts ano. Chingiz Aitmatov anafuna kusonyeza kuti owerenga mfundo yakuti munthu mosatsata kukumbukira zakale, amakhala chidole, kapolo woyikidwa mfundo wake ndi malingaliro. Sakumbukiranso malangizo a bambo ndi mayi, amaiwala dzina lake lenileni, salinso zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe dziko la fuko lake ndi kutaya umunthu wawo. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu nthano Ufumuyo kuti mankurt osauka, anataya zambiri pa anthu awo, amene anasunga kukumbukira mmene kuwombera uta, kotero - kupha. Ndipo pamene mnyamatayo anapereka kukamenyana ndi opondereza mayi, iye anapha lake ndi manja ake. Mbiri kukumbukira - maziko a moyo wa munthu, katemera ndi chiwerewere ndi amorality. Naiman-Ana - chizindikiro cha kukumbukira, mwakhama kukumbutsa anthu za maphunziro a m'mbuyomu.

Mau oti

Malinga ndi magazini ya "Science ndi Moyo" mankurt - ndi chitsanzo cha mphatso anakhazikitsa mu Chirasha posachedwapa. Panopa, tanthauzo la mawuwo mwapang'ono mfundo ya munthu, osati kukumbukira zimakhalira pachibale zabyvshem za makolo awo. Information zimene imfa zinachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu kunja pa maganizo ndi akutembenukira nkhani mu kapolo mbuye wake, mkati tanthauzo la liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba "mankurt" lichitidwa anataya.

Mankhwala ambiri oti anapeza mu Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan. M'mayikowa, mawu akuti "mankurt" ali ndi phindu olakwika, kacemera anthu kuiwala chilankhulo dziko ndi chikhalidwe.

olemba ena

Publicist Vertiporoh Lily limatcha munthu mankurt, "amene ndi ufumu wadziko wachotsa mtima ndi ubongo, kusiya kokha m'mimba." Konstantin Krylov limafotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "mankurt" mu Mipingo ya atumwi wotsiriza monga lopanda chilungamo ndipo ananyozedwa cha khalidwe anthu, si chidwi kwambiri, "dzana uthenga" za Stalin repressions ndi zochitika zina Russian, ndipo aganizire za panopa komanso tsogolo lawo. Wolemba mtolankhani Solovev Vladimir adzaitana mankurts nzika akunyoza Baibulo za kwawo. Iye akukhulupirira anthu amene kulemekeza pokumbukira makolo - mawu opanda pake, ndi kusintha kwa maselo.