Mabala a dera la Samara: chithunzi ndi ndondomeko

Ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwa, Middle Volga ndi mabungwe oyandikana nawo anali otchuka chifukwa cha zaryblennostyu. Chifukwa cha nsomba zamalonda ku dera la Samara chinali mitundu ya sturgeon ndi saumoni, yomwe inagwidwa ndi zinyama zambiri ndipo inayamikiridwa kwambiri kuposa mitundu "yoyera": pike, bream, zander ndi ena. Nsomba yotchedwa "yofiira" inali chinthu chofunika kwambiri chotumiza kunja ndipo chinatchulidwa pa msika wa pakhomo. M'zaka za m'ma 1900, herring anali wotchuka kwambiri (makamaka, chitumbuwa chakuda), sukulu zomwe zinadzaza m'malowa.

Kusiyana kwa mitundu

Masiku ano pali mitundu yoposa 50 ya anthu okhala pansi pa madzi okhala pakati pa Middle Volga ndi matupi amkati ozungulira, omwe amapanga nsomba za m'chigawo cha Samara. Amatumizidwa ku mabanja 16 ndi malamulo khumi (ena amakhala osauka: mwachitsanzo, sturgeon yokha imapezeka kuchokera ku sturgeon).

Kapepala

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu kumayimilira mu chipinda ichi. Pali mitundu yoposa 30 ndi 20 genera. Mabala a chigawo cha Samara: roach ndi bream, bream ndi zinki, asp ndi dace, yazi ndi chub, makapu ndi carp, pods ndi crochetes, carp ndi carp - awa ndi omwe akuyimira gulu lino.

Perciformes

Mbalameyi imapereka kachipu pamatundumitundu osiyanasiyana. Amayimira mitundu 9: nsomba, ruff, borsham, zander, ng'ombe, pugolovkami, podkamenshchikom, rotan.

Nkhono zam'madzi, zitsamba, mitundu ina

Nsomba za m'chigawo cha Samara zikuyimiridwa ndi salmonids. Pali mitundu 5: mtsinje ndi utawaleza, peled, sneet (smelt euro), vendace. Gulu la zitsamba limapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha ya hering'i: tulka ndi chitumbuwa chakuda. Gulu la sing'onoting'ono la singano limaimiridwa ndi nsapato za singano, nsomba za nsomba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nsomba, nsomba za mtundu wa cod, mtsinje wa eel, pike-wamba wofanana, sturgeon-sterlet.

Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba m'dera la Samara. Mndandanda wa

Chifukwa cha mafakitale ndi nsomba za anthu a m'zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yambiri ya nsomba imayamba kutha, yomwe poyamba idakhala m'malo ambiri. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Nsomba zoyera;
• Chub;
• Vuto;
• Chiboliboli cha Russian;
• Beluga;
• Gulu;
• Salimoni;
• Sturgeon;
• Mtsinje wa Volga;
• Mphepo yamkuntho, taymen;
• Black herring herring.

Mitundu ina, chifukwa cha kulekerera kwawo kwachilengedwe, inatha kusintha mogwirizana ndi chilengedwechi. Mwachitsanzo, sterlet, yomwe inapitirizabe malo ake okhala pamwamba pa gombelo ndipo inapulumuka. Ngakhale kuti nsomba zake zimaletsedwa ndi lamulo lero.

Chifukwa chiyani nsomba za nyama zimatha

Ndilo khalidwe limene sturgeon m'dera la Samara ngakhale nthawi isanakwane (zaka za m'ma 1900, kumayambiriro kwa zaka 20) anali chuma cha dziko komanso chuma cha Russia. Ndipo chifukwa chogwira nsomba izi dziko lathu linali limodzi mwa malo oyamba padziko lapansi. Kukula kwa magetsi kunasintha kwambiri. Ntchito yomanga madamu ndi zomangamanga zinakhudza ulamuliro wa mtsinjewu ndikulepheretsa kufalitsa komanso kutulutsa mitundu ina.

Zina mwazifukwa - kusintha kwa mabungwe a madzi (mpweya ndi chakudya), kutaya zowonongeka m'madzi momwemo, zinyama ndi mafakitale. Madzi amanunkhiranso madzi - madzi ndi nthaka. Nsomba yowonjezereka yowonjezera nsomba (yomwe ikugwira zambiri kuposa yomwe ikhoza kubala) imathandizira kuti iwonongeke pang'ono.

Mitundu ina ya nsomba m'dera la Samara: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza

• Pike ndi nsomba zomwe zimakonda kudya mofulumira kwambiri, kudya mwachangu komanso anthu akuluakulu ochepa. Amapezeka makamaka m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi nyanja. Kukula kumayambira kumayambiriro ndipo kumatenga nthawi yaitali (mpaka masiku 30). Pa chifukwa ichi, kubereka kwa pike sikuli ndi mavuto apadera ndipo kumachitika chaka chilichonse, ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zachilengedwe ndi mafakitale zimakhudza imfa ya mazira ndi mwachangu.
• Mtsinje, kapena mtsinje, umayimiranso nsomba za m'dera la Samara (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Mtsinje wochokera ku gulu la nsomba umakhala mumitsinje yaing'ono ndi mitsinje. Kwa chilengedwe ndikumapezeka kwa mazira, madzi ozizira, nsangalabwi kapena mchenga pansi. Nsomba iyi imapezeka kumadera a Samara kumpoto chakum'mawa (Kamyshlinsky ndi Klyavlinsky). M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutha kwa mitundu yochokera kumitsinje ya mtsinje ndizochitika.
• Sudak ndi mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imakhala m'mabasi a m'chigawo cha Samara. Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimaletsa kukula kwa kubereka kwake ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ogulitsa amuna, nsomba zawo zazikulu ndi zoletsedwa nthawi yomwe isanafike.
• Nkhono, kapena European smelt. Nsomba iyi ili ndi mitundu iwiri: yayikulu ndi yaing'ono. Maonekedwewo amadziwika ndi mafuta, thupi lochepa, masikelo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha mosavuta. Dorsal fin yayatsala pang'ono. Thupi la nsomba ndi lopitirira. Njoka ikhoza kukhala masentimita 10 m'litali ndikukwera mpaka masentimita 30.