Kodi mtsinje wa Amur umayenda kuti? Ndi njira iti yomwe mtsinje wa Amur ukuyenda?

Gwero la Mtsinje wa Amur limatengedwa kuti ndilo vuto la Shilka ndi Argun mitsinje ku Trans-Baikal Territory. Pali zigwa zambiri mumapiri omwe muli mitsinje yambiri. Pamwamba ndi mapiri otsetsereka a granites ndi miyala yamchenga imakula thaw yachitsulo yopyapyala.

Gwero ndi zamakono

Kutalika kuchokera ku gwero kufikira kumene mtsinje wa Amur umayenda ndi 2824 kilomita. Kutalika kwa gawoli kumasintha kwambiri pakalipano. Makilomita 900 oyambirira ndi malo, kumene msewu suyenera kuyenda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pali zigawo zambiri zazing'ono pano. M'dera la Blagoveshchensk, malupu ambiri ndi madera otsika amayamba. "Krivuma" ndi zokopa zamalonda, alendo odabwitsa.

Pakati pa Blagoveshchensk ndi Khabarovsk ndi pang'onopang'ono komanso pansi. Pano pali phindu lalikulu la Zeya. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Amur ndiwopambana ndi Zeya, chifukwa pamalo amtundu wa confluence njirayo ndi yowonjezera komanso yowonjezera. Komabe, zokambirana za nkhaniyi zikupitirira lero.

Gawo la pansi limadziwika ndi madzi amphamvu. Kudera lomwe limayandikana ndi dera la Amur , komwe mtsinje wa Amur umathamangira , dothi lopanda madzi ndi madera a zitsamba zam'madzi. Malo a Peatlands kumpoto kwa Khabarovsk Territory amapanga ndalama. Imeneyi ndi nkhono zomwe zimakhala zosavuta.

Pakamwa

Ndi njira iti yomwe mtsinje wa Amur ukuyenda? Kodi m'mphepete mwa madzi mumtunda wautali? Funso loyamba likhoza kuyankhidwa molimba kuti kummawa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi amayenera kusintha maulendo angapo panthawi yomwe akukhalamo, komanso kusintha masikiti angapo a nyengo ndi fisi. Awa ndi nkhalango, mitengo yamapiri, steppes komanso ngakhale midzi.

Ponena za funso lachiwiri, pali malingaliro angapo okhudza kumene mtsinje wa Amur umatsikira. Zimatha ndi liman yemweyo. Chifukwa cha madzi atsopano, mlingo wa salinity pano ndi wotsika (pafupifupi 10%), pamene chizindikiro chomwecho mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk chimasiyanasiyana pamtunda wa 30%.

Dera la Amur limatchedwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk kapena Nyanja ya Japan. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a zinyama akutsatira chiphunzitso choyamba, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa m'mabuku onse a encyclopedia ndi mabuku a USSR ndi Russia. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kunja kwina, mfundo yachiwiri ndi yotchuka - pafupi ndi nyanja ya Japan (International Hydrographic Organisation, etc.).

Pafupi ndi pakamwa, mtsinje wa Amur umayenda, mumzinda wa Nikolayevsk-on-Amur ulipo. Mpaka 1926, idatchedwa Nikolaevsky ndipo adalandira dzina lake kulemekeza Mfumu Nicholas I, amene adakhazikitsidwa ufumu wake. Mpaka 1870, inali doko lalikulu ku Russia Kum'maŵa kwa Kum'mawa, kumene adasamukira ku Vladivostok.

Dziwe losambira

Mitsinje ikuyenda mpaka mumtsinje wa Amur, imapanga beseni yambiri. Ndi 54 peresenti yokha yomwe ili ku Russia, 44% - ku China, otsala 2% - ku Mongolia. Mtsinje wokhawo ukhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu: kumtunda, kupita kwa Zeya, pakati, kupita ku Ussuri, ndi kumunsi kumka pakamwa.

Dera lonse la beseni ndilo 1,855,000 km ² . Malingana ndi chizindikiro ichi, Amur ali pachinayi pakati pa mitsinje ya ku Russia, kumbuyo kwa Yenisei, Ob ndi Lena. Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri mu gawo la Ulaya la dzikoli ndi Volga, yomwe ili yocheperapo ndi mfuti ya Far East, yomwe ili ndi beseni ya 1,361,000 km ² .

Nyengo ndi zamchere

Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha nyengo chaka, madzi amadzimadzi amasinthasintha kwambiri. Choncho, mvula yamvula imakhala pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya kuthamanga kwapachaka. Madzi osefukira nthawi zambiri amatha kufika makilomita 10-30. Nchifukwa chake chakudya cha Amur ndi mvula.

Posachedwapa, mu 2013, mvula yamkuntho inachititsa kuti madzi ambiri azikhalamo komanso anthu ambiri atulukamo. Anthu oposa zana anamwalira, ndipo zikwi zina anavulala. Malingana ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo, masoka achilengedwe ameneŵa amapezeka pano osaposa kamodzi pa zaka mazana awiri.

Madzi akumidzi amadzaza ndi ayezi pa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za November. Spring autopsy imapezeka mu April. Nthawi yoyendera nyengo ndi masiku 150-170.

Matumbo pafupi ndi malo omwe Cupid akuyenda, komanso pansi pa mtsinje wokha, ali olemera mu mphatso zachilengedwe. Izi ndi mchere monga iron ore, malasha, antimoni, tin, graphite, golide, molybdenum, lead ndi graphite. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha choko, miyala ya miyala yamchere, miyala ya marble, zomangira zopangira, etc.

Malo okwera malire, kumene malo ambiri a chilengedwe amathandizira, adapindulitsa Amur ndi nsomba zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, salimoni yakumudzi imakhala mumadzi, kutentha komwe kuli bwino kwambiri. Ndipo kupitirira pang'ono kwa izo kumachititsa kuti chilengedwe chisakhale choyenera pa moyo wake. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha nsomba zam'tentha, madzi akumidzi ndi ozizira kwambiri oyenera kukhala ndi moyo wamba. Kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kotere kwa anthu okhalamo kumatanthauzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nsomba monga mtundu. Puloteni ya zamoyozi zimasintha kutentha molingana ndi zizindikiro za madzi, mosiyana ndi nyama zamatentha, mwachitsanzo, zinyama.

Anthu okhala

M'deralo kuchokera ku magwero kupita ku malo omwe mtsinje wa Amur umayenda, pali mizinda ingapo. Izi ndi Amursk (yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1958), Blagoveshchensk (1856), Khabarovsk (1858), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (1932), Nikolayev-on-Amur (1850). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Blagoveshchensk ndi malo oyang'anira chigawo cha Autonomous Region, ndipo Khabarovsk ndilo likulu la chigawo chomwecho. Chothandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa minda ya m'deralo m'nthaŵi yake inachititsa Cossacks, amene anakhala apainiya a ku Russia. Kawirikawiri moyo wawo unali ndi nyumba yothamangitsidwa pakati pa malo osweka komanso osagwidwa. Nyumba zotere za zaka za XVII-XVIII. Ndi malo otchuka (mwachitsanzo, ku Nikolaevsk-on-Amur).

Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti madzi amtunduwu amapezeka m'madera ambiri ndi malire a dziko la Russia ndi China. Zakale, mpaka m'zaka za zana la XVII, malo a m'munsi mwa mtsinjewu anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Kumwamba. Ku banki yolondola ya Amur, palinso mizinda ya China, mwachitsanzo Heihe.

Etymology

Malo onse omwe kumene chiyambicho chimayambira, kumene Cupid ikuyenda, nthawi zosiyana ndizosiyana ndi anthu ndi zitukuko. Pankhani imeneyi, mtsinjewo unali ndi dzina lina. Mabaibulo a ku Russia anawonekera ngati onomatopoeia m'zinenero za Tungus-Manchu za m'derali, potembenuzidwa kuchokera pamene mawu ophiphiritsira amatanthauza "mtsinje waukulu".

Anthu a ku China amatcha mitsinje yamadzi "mtsinje wakuda", mwa kuyankhula kwina, Heihe. Izi zimachokera ku nthano zakomweko. Kamodzi m'madzi kumeneko kunakhala chinjoka chakuda chakuda. Matenda a thupi la cholengedwa chaumulungu amamveka mitsinje yamtsinje, yomwe ndi "paws" ya njoka yomwe ikuuluka.