Ma polima kupanga

Lero, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ma polima, mwina n'zosatheka kulingalira wina wa ulimi wamakono. Iwo anapambana malo lalikulu makampani olemera ndi kumanga komanso kuunika ndi chakudya makampani. Kodi nkhaniyi zozizwitsa?

ndi ma polima Kodi

Utomoni - ndi chinthu macromolecular wopangidwa mwa kumatchula nyumba unyolo (monomers). mayunitsi woteroyo unyolo polima kungakhale kwambiri. mogwirizana wina ndi mnzake mwa nsinga covalent omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe macromolecules lapansi.

Ma polima ndi organic kapena zochita kupanga chiyambi. The organic mankhwala maselo, pamaso pa mpweya chofunika, amene si yofunika kwambiri kuti nyumba zochita kupanga kapena kupanga. Organic mankhwala polymeric ndi mchitidwe-kaboni unyolo ndi hetero.

Ndiponso, ma polima akugaŵikanabe ku zachilengedwe, yokumba ndi kupanga. Mmene monotsepey organic ndi zochita zina mankhwala kukonzekera macromolecular pawiri yokumba. Mwachitsanzo, thonje ubweya kapena mwa njira mankhwala, ndi n'kukhala ulusi kupanga polymeric.

Ndipo kodi mbali ya ma polima yokumba a zenizeni? Modern kupanga ndondomeko kulola chilengedwe cha ma polima yokumba kapena synthesizing popanda kanthu organic, ndiye, mapangidwe zipangizo yokumba. Kupanga ma polima amakonzedwa mwa kaphatikizidwe yosavuta zinthu otsika maselo kapena kuchokera ku zipangizo zina kupanga polymeric.

gulu la ma polima

Makonzedwe systematization m'gulu iwo m'magulu awa:

1. ma polima nyama Natural ntchito ndi anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Zitsanzo izi: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Natural mbewu ma polima, amene ifenso bwino. wowuma ichi, labala mapadi ndi lignin.

3. Natural mchere ma polima - chimagwiritsidwa ntchito silika kapena khwatsi mchere wotchedwa thanthwe krustalo. Utoto galasi limakhala mwala wamtengo wapatali - ametusito. Mu mawonekedwe ufa ndi wotembenuka mu mchenga mwachizolowezi.

4. Amapanga ma polima anapangidwa kuchokera monomers organic. Mapadi zinthu leaching ntchito polyesters anapanga: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza ndi methylcellulose ntchito makampani utoto. zinthu zimenezi ndi opangidwa ndi ubweya, zikopa, ubweya, silika ndi zina zotero. D.

5. Kupanga ma polima ankagwiritsa ntchito zamanja ambiri mafakitale, tinalandira kufalikira yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo, makampani kuwala imalukanira ndi osokedwa nsalu za ulusi kupanga monga poliyesitala, nayiloni, polypropylene, nitrone. Ali amphamvu kwambiri moti kukoma. Kupanga ma polima deta kuimira dongosolo zofunika ulusi minofu akamagwira polycondensation zina mankhwala zinthu zidulo monga ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, ndi polyolefin kapena polyacrylonitrile. Choncho, makhalidwe zofunika polimerov- "makolo" zimafalitsidwa, ndi polisoedineniyam watsopano. Chifukwa, ife kuwala kwambiri ndi zotanuka zipangizo ndi otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe, ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, thupi ndi mumlengalenga zotsatira.

Chifukwa cha ambiri katundu wapatali, ma polima kupanga apeza ntchito osati makampani nsalu, komanso mankhwala, zodzoladzola komanso mafakitale mafutawo, ulimi, magalimoto, zomangamanga, banja ndi minda ina.