N'chiyani chimachititsa polyethylene? Ulimi wa polyethylene. Nkhani ya polyethylene

Mu mbiri ya sayansi, ena atulukira mwamwayi, ndi zipangizo otchuka lero zambiri byproduct zinachitikira iliyonse. Ndithu mwangozi anatulukira utoto aniline nsalu, amene anapereka pambuyo zachuma ndiponso zaumisiri yojambula makampani ogula. A nkhani zofanana ndi zimenezi zinachitika ndi polyethylene.

Oyamba zakuthupi

Mlandu yopanga polyethylene zinachitika mu chaka cha 1898. Pa zochangamutsa la German chiyambi diamezotana sayansi Hans Von Pehman anapeza pansi chubu si aftertaste zachilendo. Mabukuwa anali wakuda kwambiri ndipo ankawoneka ngati sera, wasayansi anzake anamutcha polimetillinom. Kenako mwayi mu gulu la asayansi sanapeze chifukwa anali pafupifupi aiwala, chidwi, palibe aliyense anatuluka. Koma lingaliro zii, zofuna ndi njira wanzeru. Icho ndi chomwe chinachitika mu zaka sate-wosamvetseka, polyethylene wakhala kachiwiri anatsegula monga mankhwala mwachisawawa koyesera analephera.

The British anatola ndi kupambana

Modern polyethylene zinthu anabadwa pa zasayansi Imperial Chemical Makampani a England. E. Fawcett ndi R. Gibson imachitika zatsopano ndi mpweya mkulu ndi otsika kuthamanga ndipo anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa mfundo luso, zatsopano inkachitikira amene yokutidwa ndi osadziwika waxy mankhwala. Chidwi mbali Tingati iwo ankafuna angapo kupeza mankhwala, koma sizinathandize.

Lithe polima anakwanitsa M. Perrin, wantchito wa kampani imodzi mu zaka ziwiri. Zinali iye amene analenga sayansi kuti anapanga maziko a mafakitale wa polyethylene. The katundu ndi khalidwe la zinthu zosiyanasiyana okha kutsatira catalysts zosiyanasiyana. Unyinji wa ulimi polyethylene inayamba mu 1938 ndipo inali okhala mu 1936.

zipangizo

Polyethylene - ndi polima olimba mtundu woyera. Zimatanthauza gulu la mankhwala organic. N'chiyani chimachititsa polyethylene? The zopangira kukonzekera ake ndi ethylene mpweya. Gasi polymerized pa kuthamanga ndi otsika analandira pa pellets linanena bungwe chakudya ntchito zina. Kwa ena njira polyethylene amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya

Pakali pano, ndi polima amapangidwa mu sukulu ziwiri zoyambirira za LDPE ndi PNP. Chuma pa kuthamanga avareji wachibale njira yatsopano, koma mwa mawu chiwerengero yaitali mankhwala akatulutsidwa chidzakula zonse mogwirizana ndi kuwongolera makhalidwe ndi munda lonse wa ntchito.

Ntchito malonda, izi mitundu ya zinthu (makalasi):

• Low kachulukidwe kapena dzina lina - mkulu-kuthamanga (HDPE, LDPE).
• Mkulu kachulukidwe kapena chipsyinjo otsika (LDPE LDPE).
• polyethylene liniya, kapena polyethylene sing'anga kuthamanga.

Pali mitundu ina ya polyethylene, omwe ali katundu yake ndi munda wa ntchito. The particulate polima mu ndondomeko kupanga akuwonjezeka colorants osiyanasiyana kuti athe kulandira wakuda polyethylene, ofiira kapena mtundu wina uliwonse.

JHA

Ulimi wa polyethylene ndi chinkhoswe mu makampani mankhwala a. Gasi ethylene - zofunika mchitidwe (chomwe kupanga polyethylene), koma osati yekha chofunika kupeza chuma.

Kukonzekera HDPE amapezeka autoclaves, mathanki tubular. LDPE sukulu chopangidwa mu autoclave ndi, monga mwa State Standard, pali eyiti. analandira mtundu makumi awiri ndi chimodzi cha mkulu-kachulukidwe polyethylene kuchokera riyakitala tubular.

Pakuti kaphatikizidwe wa PVP ayenera kutsatira zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kutentha osiyanasiyana - kuchokera 200 mpaka 250 ° C.
• Chothandizira - wangwiro mpweya, peroxide (organic).
• Anzanu 150 mpaka 300 MPa.

Poimerizirovannaya kulemera mu gawo loyamba ali ndi boma madzi, kenako inapitiriza kuti olekanitsa a, hereinafter granulator, kumene zinthu akamaumba ya granules yotsirizidwa.

LDPE khalidwe ntchito yopanga mafilimu ma CD, termoplenok, multilayer ma CD. Komanso mkulu-kachulukidwe polyethylene ntchito mu galimoto, mankhwala ndi chakudya mafakitale. Chifukwa zimachititsa apamwamba mipope cholimba ntchito mu gawo la zogona.

liniya polyethylene

N'chiyani chimachititsa sing'anga-kuthamanga polyethylene kapena liniya polyethylene?

• The Kutentha kutentha kwa 120 ° C.
• Mode kuthamanga kwa 4 MPa.
• Stimulator ndondomeko - chothandizira (Ziegler-Natta chothandizira ndi osakaniza titaniyamu mankhwala enaake pawiri melalloorganicheskim).

ndondomeko limodzi ndi mpweya wa polyethylene mu mawonekedwe a flakes, amene ndiye anasiyanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko njira, kenako granulation.

Mtundu wa polyethylene amakhala ndi osalimba mkulu, kutentha kukana ndi misozi. Dera ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafilimu ma CD, kuphatikizapo kudzazidwa zipangizo otentha / mankhwala. Zipangizo granular wa polima mtundu mbali chopangidwa kwa akuponya makina lalikulu, chimateteza zipangizo, mkulu mphamvu chitoliro, katundu ogula , ndi zina zotero.

Mkulu osalimba polyethylene

ANP zitatu kupanga njira. makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira "kuyimitsidwa polymerization". The ndondomeko yodalirika EOR zimachitika yokhudza slurry ndi nsautso zonse feedstock, ndi chothandizira ali wofunikila kuyamba ndondomeko.

The chachiwiri ambiri njira ya ulimi ndi njira polymerisation mchikakamizo cha kutentha ndi chothandizira nawo. Njira si kothandiza kwambiri, kuyambira pa polymerization la chothandizira ndi anachita ndi polima chifukwa wotaya ena mwa makhalidwe ake.

Otsiriza njira yopanga ndi PNP mpweya gawo polymerization, izo pafupifupi wapita, koma nthawi zina amapezeka zomera zina. Dongosololi kumachitika kuyanjana ndi zopangira mafuta gawo mchikakamizo cha mayamwidwe. The polima yomaliza analandira ndi dongosolo nonuniform ndi osalimba, kumene kumakhudza khalidwe la chotsirizidwa.

Yopanga wa HDPE zidzachitika mode zotsatirazi:

• kutentha anakhalabe pa ochokera 120 ° C 150 ° C.
• Anzanu sayenera upambana 2 MPa.
• Polymerization catalysts (Ziegler-Natta chothandizira ndi osakaniza titaniyamu mankhwala enaake pawiri melalloorganicheskim).

A chuma njira kupanga amakhala ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi, mkulu osalimba, otsika elasticity. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa tanthauzo lake ndi makampani. Luso polyethylene ntchito yopanga muli lalikulu kukula ndi makhalidwe mkulu mphamvu. Kuuza mu zomangamanga, mafakitale mankhwala, kwa kupanga katundu wa ogula pafupi sizikhudza.

katundu

Polyethylene kugonjetsedwa ndi madzi, ndi mitundu yambiri ya solvents, zidulo (organic, zochita kupanga), Kodi samva ndi mchere wa. Mu kuyaka limatulutsa fungo la paraffin, pali chowala buluu kulocha, yaing'ono moto. Kuwonongeka amapezeka atadziŵa asidi nitric, chlorine ndi fluorine m'chigawo gaseous kapena madzi. Ndi ukalamba, lomwe limapezeka mu mpweya, ndi zinthu mtanda limasonyeza anapanga pakati unyolo maselo, kupanga zinthu Chimaona, wofumbutuka.

ogula khalidwe

Polyethylene - zakuthupi wapadera alipidwa kunyumba kuntchito. N'zokayikitsa kuti ogula pafupifupi adzatha kudziwa ndi zinthu angati mwa izo anakumana tsiku. The padziko lonse amasulidwe ma polima polyethylene amatenga gawo la mikango a msika - 31% ya okwana aakulu mankhwala zoweta.

Malinga, womwe wapangidwa wa polyethylene ndi luso kupanga zidazo atsimikiziridwa. Nkhanizi Chili zina otsutsana makhalidwe: kusinthasintha ndi mphamvu, ductility ndi kulimba, kwamakokedwe amphamvu ndi kukana misozi, kukana kuti mapangidwe ndewu ndi n'lakuti tizilombo. Tsiku lililonse timagwiritsa ntchito mapaketi a kachulukidwe osiyana, tableware disposable, zisoti pulasitiki, mbali za magetsi banja ndi zina zambiri.

ofunsira

Ntchito mankhwala polyethylene si, makampani kapena zochita za anthu limodzi zithunzi izi:

• Ambiri ntchito polima zopezera kupanga zipangizo ma CD. Pa mbali imeneyi ya ntchito n'kofunika 35% ya zipangizo zopangira umatulutsa. anagwiritsira ntchito yilungamitsidwa katundu gryazeootalkivayuschimi, kusowa chitetezo cha maonekedwe a bowa ndi tizilombo. Mmodzi wa apeza mwayi - ndi malaya pulasitiki, amene ali fomu lonse. Mwa kusinthasintha kutalika kwa nzeru zake, wosuta okha ndi m'lifupi phukusi yekha.
• Poganizira, amene wapangidwa polyethylene, zimaonekeratu chifukwa chake anakhala otchuka monga mmodzi wa zipangizo zabwino zokutira zitsulo. Khalidwe lina ake anafuna-pambuyo m'dera limeneli linali kupanda madutsidwe magetsi. Komanso repellency katundu singasiyanitsidwe madzi, umene wakhala ntchito yopanga zipangizo kumatira.
• Kukana kuti mphamvu yowononga ya madzi monga zosungunulira ndi, chimathandiza kutulutsa mipope zopangidwa polyethylene banja ndi ogula mafakitale.
• Mu zomangamanga khalidwe la kutchinjiriza phokoso la polyethylene ntchito, matenthedwe ake otsika madutsidwe. katundu awa ali othandiza kupanga pa zipangizo zake m'munsi kwa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe nyumba zogona ndi mafakitale. Polyethylene ntchito kutchinjiriza luso la Kutentha mains mu luso lopanga ndi zina zotero.
• Osati zochepa kugonjetsedwa ndi mwamakani media nkhani ya malonda mankhwala, mapaipi polyethylene ntchito Laboratories mankhwala ndi mafakitale.
• The polyethylene zothandiza mankhwala monga Mavalidwe, miyendo apulasitiki, izo ntchito mano, etc.

Njira processing

Malinga ndi mmene a granular zopangira anali kukonzedwa kudzadalira amene mtundu wa polyethylene analandira. njira Common:

• Extrusion (extrusion). Izo ntchito kupanga mapaipi, ma CD ndi zina film, pepala mfundo yomanga ndi yokongola, zingwe kupanga, anapanga payipi pulasitiki ndi zina.
• Akamaumba, thermo-zingalowe kupanga ndondomeko. Zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kupanga ma CD, mabokosi etc.
• Extrusion nkhonya akamaumba, rotational. Mwa njira imeneyi analandira mphamvu volumetric, lalikulu ma CD muli.
• Zolimba. Pakuti luso ena mu anapanga misa polyethylene anaika ikuthandizira zinthu (zitsulo) kupereka kumanga mfundo za kuchuluka mphamvu, koma ndi ndalama zochepa.

N'chiyani chimachititsa polyethylene, kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu za zinthu? Ndi kuvomerezedwa pokonza ndi chothandizira ndi zina kusintha katundu, khalidwe la zinthu yotsirizidwa.

yobwezeretsanso

Pe kukana - ndi kuphatikiza wake monga katundu ogula ndi zoipa zake, monga mmodzi wa kuipitsa zinthu zazikulu. Chibwenzi, kumakhaladi yobwezeretsanso zofunika - yobwezeretsanso. Onse sukulu ya polyethylene akhoza zobwezerezedwanso ndipo ankakhulupirira n'kukhala ndi chuma granular yaiwisi zomwe n'zotheka kuchita zambiri anafuna-pambuyo katundu ndi mowa mafakitale.

Polyethylene chimakwirira, zikwama, mabotolo adzakhala kuwola ndinso mu akhala akutayirapo dothi kwa zaka mazana, ndi anasonkhanitsa zinyansi poizoni yofunika zachilengedwe. Mchitidwe dziko zikusonyeza kukula kwa chiwerengero cha processing makampani polyethylene. Ndipotu zinyalala, makampani amenewa agwire ziŵalo zake, wosweka. Motero, pali gwero ndalama, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kupanga mankhwala malonda.