MA Bulgakov "Mtima wa Dog ndi" nkhani mankhwala

zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi "Mtima wa Dog ndi" anali kuyembekezera owerenga. Mu Germany ndi England, nkhani linasindikizidwa mu oyambirira 60s, nthawi yomweyo mu Soviet Union okha "samizdat" izo amakhoza kuwerenga anthu mwayi amene anali pang'ono. Izo zinali kokha mu 1987, ntchito linasindikizidwa mu "Chabwino" magazini, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anaikidwa pa zenera Vladimirom Bortko. Mu 1925 analemba MA Bulgakov "Mtima wa Dog", nkhani, limene limalamulira maganizo ndi kuvumbulutsa tanthauzo la zomwe zinachitika mu Russia zaka zimenezo.

Si sukulu Bulgakov

Pulogalamu mokakamizidwa mu mabuku sekondale zikuphatikizapo ntchito ziwiri mwa wolemba izi: "Mtima wa Dog" ndi "Master ndi Margarita". Monga mwana wa pulofesa wa maphunziro ndi mdzukulu wa ansembe, wolemba aliyense chilengedwe chake kuika zizindikiro zina zachipembedzo, iye adasasanya njira multilayered. Mwina n'chifukwa chake nthawi iliyonse kudzindikira chinthu chatsopano pa kubwerezanso kuŵerenga mabuku ake.

Ngakhale zovuta za zomwe zili maganizo, sukulu nkhani buku ndi "Mtima wa Dog" Bulgakov adzakhala ndi kulemba. Ndipo zimenezi m'pofunika kudziwa mtundu wanyimbo, mutu, ndi makamaka ntchito.

Odana ndi Soviet kapepala kapena dystopia?

Kawirikawiri "Mtima wa Dog" amatchedwa Zotengera ndale. Ndiko kulondola. Koma pang'ono. Zonse Professor Preobrazhensky amalankhula zinawonongekera, Nyumba Committee ndi manyuzipepala Soviet - ndithu kapepalako. chifukwa ndi chimene iwo kuchita Shvonder ndi mipira, palibe chikaiko, Zotengera. Inde, ndi mmene! Pachimake. Ankhanza.

Koma kuyesa ndi galu wa - dystopia. chifaniziro chake chimasonyeza kubadwa kwa mapangidwe latsopano anthu a achinyamata, anawulula mumaganiza zowopsa chitukuko cha anthu amenewa. Iwo likukhalira kuti ngati chenjezo lolembedwa ndi Mikhail Bulgakov "Mtima wa galu." Nkhani buku chiyenera kusonyeza zizindikiro za Mitundu ndi Zotengera ndi enaake.

Chifukwa mtima galu?

Mu kusanthula mawonekedwe ka ntchito (buku, nkhani yochepa, yochepa nkhani) posachedwapa anatenga dzina lake. Ndiye n'chifukwa Bulgakov anaima pa mawu amenewa, chifukwa lemba la Professor Preobrazhensky, fending Bormental za Sharikova mtima ananena kuti ali tsopano anthu, koma koposa zonse lousy.

otanthauzira The adjective "galu", koma mtengo mwachindunji zimasonyeza za thupi nyama, ali zinanso zotere chitachitika yafupika ayankhe zoipa zikusonyeza kuti chinachake molimba, mumamva, ndi wankhanza ndi wotsikitsitsa ndi wadzaoneni. Ndiyeno chirichonse zimaonekeratu, makamaka ngati subtitle wa nkhani - "ngozi zoopsa" - zimapereka yankho chonena Bulgakov. "Mtima wa Dog" - ndi nkhani satirical, palibe thupi agalu ali unazunguliridwa mu dzina lake, ndipo asokoneza mtima wa munthu yemwenso.

dongosolo chifaniziro

Zachilendo koma zoona: ntchito satirical wa Mihaila Bulgakova palibe goodies. Ndipo "Mtima wa Dog" yotero. Katswiriyu, yemwe ndi molondola ananena ndi molondola kudzudzula boma latsopano akalakwitsa zoopsa: dokotala ayenera kuthandiza anthu pochiza matenda, koma akuyesa kukonza chinachake kuti analengedwa ndi Mulungu. Chiwalitsiro ndiye yekha amadziwa inadmissibility wa zatsopano zimenezi.

Omvera gudumu mu dongosolo kumene analenga wasonyeza Shvonder - demagogue olumala maganizo, amene akuganizira yekha mwini nyumba. Iye ndi Professor - TV mfundo chosiyana, iwo sangathe ngakhale kuyerekeza.

Kotero kuti aliyense wa zilembo kuziganizira pamene anayamba kulemba nkhani, "Bulgakov" Mtima wa Dog ''? Mipira - zotsatira zimenezo FF Chiwalitsiro - iye ndi yaikulu nkhani ndi pati phunziro la mkangano Shvonder ndi pulofesa. Koma ngati tanthauzo anali nkhondoyi?

Kwambiri munthu ali si

Chirichonse chokhudzana ndi Mpingo Orthodox, Bulgakov ankadziwa bwino, osati mwamwayi m'mabuku ake anatchula masiku kapena otchula iwo. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Master ndi Margarita" zizindikiro zonse kuti zochita chikuchitika mu Mlungu Woyera isanafike Isitara, mu nkhani za zochitika ballpoint kuyamba kumapeto kwa December ndi January 7 pali latsopano munthu - Polygraph Polygraphovich. Ngakhale zambiri kapena zochepa, ndipo Khirisimasi Times kusandulika galu Bulgakov. "Mtima wa Dog" - nkhani, wolemba limanena kuti ululu si chiwonongeko cha zabwino zimene anali pamaso zitasintha, komanso maonekedwe a umunthu, omwe akupitiriza kupulula izi, koma osati kuba ndi zakolachivaniya miyambo ndi wauzimu owonongedwa.

Chifukwa Polygraph?

Dzinali kuti umenewu ndi atayamba Bulgakov, ngakhale adziwika kuti kalendala mu kalendala ya proletariat pa nthawi imeneyo kale kuti tanthauzo lake wamkazi. Kodi akanatha kupewa kubwereza kwa wolemba: Polygraph Polygraphovich? Polenga Mikhail Bulgakov "Mtima wa galu", kulemba ntchito zimenezi si anangolemba osiyanasiyana owerenga. A chisoni! Ndipo ambiri akazindikira: dzina la protagonist ndi zokhudzana ndi kusindikiza, kutanthauza - kubereka, ndiko kuti, ayenera kukhala kwambiri.

Wolemba adawopa (osati popanda chifukwa) kuti ballpoint wangwiro boma latsopano. Mosatsata maganizo awo, alibe zikulumikizana wauzimu, miyambo, anthu awa adzachita zimene auzidwa, komanso kuchitapo kanthu, umalimbana chiwonongeko, ngati iwo sangathe kumanga pa tanthawuzo. Pangani iwo mwanjira imeneyo, kodi mwangozi Chiwalitsiro pulofesa sizigwira ntchito, koma kuphunzitsa achinyamata mzimu wa zimenezi zingakhale weniweni.

Ndicho chimene chiyenera kukhala nkhani ya mutu wakuti "Mtima wa galu." Bulgakov sakanakhoza kulowa mwa m'nthawi yake, kapena m'malo osati mpata, komanso kudzera zaka zambiri, nkhani imeneyi monga zogwirizana.

sayansi yamakono ikupita patsogolo, kuyesera kupeza mankhwala matenda ndi masiku a munthu pa dziko lapansi, koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti mtima wa galu akhoza zopezera pamodzi ndi moyo wautali kuti kupanga zaka amoyo zokha komanso opanda phindu.