Zachilengedwe: zimene zamoyo ndi prokaryotes?

Amene zamoyo ndi prokaryotes? Prokaryotes - zolengedwa zodabwitsa ndi osiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala pafupifupi aliyense malo, kulenga ndi kulandira mphamvu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi adani.

Prokaryotes: onse mudziwe

Amene zamoyo ndi prokaryotes? Awa ndi zamoyo ochuluka kuposa zokhala padzikoli. Gawo panopa prokaryotes zochokera osakaniza katundu kutengera mapangidwe ndi phenotypic. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zinthu zamoyo wa prokaryotes tsopano kuposa 6200. Tizilombo timeneti Padziko Lapansi pamaso wina aliyense ndipo kupitiriza bwinobwino kukhalapo mu nthawi ino.

Chidwi mfundo ndi kufotokoza mwachidule prokaryotes

1) Prokaryotes moyo kumene moyo, ndi zingatanthauze, moyo sizingatheke, chifukwa kupulumuka kwa zamoyo izi ozizira, wotentha, acidic ndi atolankhani zamchere.

2) Prokaryotes anali wapezeka ngakhale pa akuya pafupifupi 3 Km pansipa padziko lapansi.

3) The ambiri prokaryotes - zosiyanasiyana zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi mphamvu kwambiri dziphunzitsiranso.

4) Pali anthu ambiri ndi makina, pafupifupi theka la prokaryotes onse amatha kuyenda anawauza.

5) maselo ndi prokaryotes chosavuta kumva osati eukaryotic monga kapangidwe mkati ndi gulu kutengera mapangidwe.

6) The anthu a prokaryotes kukula kusintha mofulumira.

7) Mu zinthu zabwino wina Gawo limodzi amatha kutulutsa njuchi yaikulu mbewu nthawi yochepa.

8) Ochita kafukufuku zonse atapanga madera zitsanzo kuti achite zina zatsopano pambuyo m'firiji pamtunda ndi kupitiriza kufufuza maonekedwe a zilombo kupirira.

anatengera Food

Mu mudziŵe zambiri zimene zamoyo ndi prokaryotes, izo ukutchulidwa kwambiri ndi ndondomeko pokonza chakudya. Choncho, zamoyo kupeza mphamvu kuchokera kuwala ndi phototrophic, chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala - chemotroph. Zamoyo kuti yekha mpweya woipa (NKHA ₂₎ ngati gwero mpweya, ndi autotrophic. Zamoyo, chimene chimafuna chimodzi organic michere gwero (shuga), ndi heterotrophs.

Photoautotrophs - zamoyo photosynthesis kuti ntchito mphamvu ya kuwala yotithandiza kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic kwa mpweya woipa (zomera ndi algae). Chemotroph ochepa okha mpweya woipa mu gwero mpweya, koma angathenso kulandira mphamvu ndi oxidizing zinthu zochita kupanga (sulfide wa hydrogen (H ₂ S), amoniya (NH ₃₎ ayoni zachitsulo (Fe ^2+)). Izi njira yapadera chakudya prokaryotes.

malo

Pankhani chilengedwe prokaryotes malo, kungakhale osiyanasiyana ambiri. Zinthu zambiri prokaryotes akukhudzana chakuti zamoyo izi ndi apulumuke mu zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri: mkulu amenewa, kutentha, malo akusowa oxygen. Prokaryotes angakhale mu thupi la nyama ndi anthu, kuthandiza mwini kudzera kudalirana kwa kuchita ntchito ya thupi lake (chimbudzi).

Mphamvu prokaryotes amapangidwa kuchokera njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira. Izi zikhoza kukhala kufufuza maselo kapena kokasaka akufa kwa moyo (yosowa kwambiri). The njira yofala kupeza zakudya zofunikira - ndi kulenga mphamvu kupyolera photosynthesis, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mchere monga sulfure.

Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka prokaryotes

Amene zamoyo ndi prokaryotes? Pali mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri: mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo zokhala ndi selo imodzi. maselo Prokaryotic monga plasma Kakhungu, cytoplasm, ribosomes ndi chuma majini (DNA kapena RNA). Ena mitundu komanso ndi nyumba zina - selo khoma, michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi ena. Kapangidwe ka maselo prokaryotic, aliyense nyumba maselo ndi mbali kumathandiza kwambiri mu kukula, kupulumuka ndi kubalana.

plasma Kakhungu

maselo Prokaryotic akhoza kukhala Mipikisano wosanjikiza plasma Kakhungu. Mu prokaryotes, lotchedwa mabakiteriya galamu alibe, mwachitsanzo, kawirikawiri awiri plasma Kakhungu, pakati umene uli otchedwa periplasm. Monga maselo onse, madzi a m'magazi Kakhungu maselo prokaryotic ndi udindo kasamalidwe ndi ulamuliro zonse zili mbali ya foni.

Communication kumachitika kudzera Kakhungu, kuphatikizapo kutumiza ndi kulandira chizindikiro kwa mankhwala ena ndi bakiteriya ankachita ndi maselo eukaryotic, zamoyo nthaŵi opatsirana. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti plasma Kakhungu ndi chilengedwe maselo onse prokaryotic ndi eukaryotic.

cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic maselo prokaryotic, amatikumbutsa odzola kapena gel osakaniza, chinthu madzi, amene nyumba zonse zigawo zina ma. Posachedwapa, akatswiri anapeza kuti maselo prokaryotic ndi zovuta ndi zinchito cytoskeleton, ofanana kodi maselo eukaryotic. Choncho, selo likhoza kukhala mawonekedwe ake.

ribosomes

ribosomes Prokaryotic ali ang'onoang'ono ndi ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono ndi zikuchokera kuposa zimene zimapezeka maselo eukaryotic. Zofanana ndi ntchito ya chigawo ichi ma - yomanga ndi kusonyeza mapulotini amatumiza DNA.

zakuthupi majini

maselo onse omwe ali prokaryotes muli wambirimbiri zinthu majini mu mawonekedwe a DNA ndi RNA. Pakuti prokaryotes monga zamoyo amene maselo ndi mtima, limodzi lalikulu lozungulira DNA gawo munali ambiri majini zofunika kukula, kupulumuka ndi kubalana maselo. DNA ku maselo amenewa kwake ndondomeko mwachisawawa.

Childs, DNA umachokera mu foni pofuna decoded ndi n'kukhala RNA. The maso kuwona chisindikizo mu chipinda makamaka, ndi chuma majini (DNA). Kuwonjezera limodzi mbali yaikulu ya chromosomal DNA a maselo ambiri prokaryotic muli tating'ono ting'ono DNA otchedwa plasmids. Izi zozungulira DNA mphete ali anakopera kaya DNA ndipo akhoza inasamutsidwa kuchoka khungu prokaryotic ndi mzake.

Chifukwa makhalidwe ake prokaryotes akhoza bwinobwino kupulumuka mu malo aliwonse, iwo ali paliponse - m'malo mwa nthawi zonse ndipo mu nyanja mchere, akasupe a madzi otentha, mapiri ndi zimaphala akuya mu matumbo a Dziko Lapansi. Choncho, prokaryotes ali kwambiri khama ndipo yotheka zamoyo padziko lapansili.