Kusindikiza makina. Mankhwala apamtunda pamsewu

Thandizo lamakono la chuma cha municipalities limapereka magalimoto ambiri a pamsewu. Njira zamakono za mtundu umenewu ndi kuthirira magalimoto. M'nyengo yotentha, amasunga misewu kuchokera ku fumbi ndi dothi, motero amaonetsetsa ukhondo wa malo ouma. Kuwonjezera apo, makina a msewu ndi ma communal ndi ntchito yothirira imathandizanso komanso kuthirira kwa malo obiriwira. Izi ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina amenewa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro za matupi ogwira ntchito ndi kukhalapo kwa zipangizo zodzifunira.

Zambiri zokhudza makina okwanira

Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya kuthirira magalimoto. Oimira gulu loyambalo amachita ntchito zokha zothirira, motero amachotsa mpweya ndi misewu kuchokera ku fumbi. Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha, komwe zida zotsuka ndi kuyeretsa zawonjezeka. Zikhoza kunenedwa, izi ndi makina okwanira, mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo chisamaliro cha zinthu zomwe zili mumsewu. Ngakhale kuli kofunika kwa ulimi wothirira, njirayi sichinthu chosiyana. Monga malamulo, awa ndi magalimoto onse, omwe maziko ake amalola, malingana ndi zosowa zamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito izi kapena zida zogwira ntchito.

Mfundo Zazikulu

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu zogwira ntchito za galimoto zotsitsimula ndizochita zogwira ntchito za tangi. Zida zogwiritsa ntchito makina amenewa, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito, ingasinthe, koma malowa ndi magawo ake, monga lamulo, akhalebe ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, makina okwanira a ZIL mu nambala 130 ali ndi tank 6 mamita ³ . Kukhalapo kwa mpope wambiri kumagwirira ntchito kumapangitsa kukhalabe wokhazikika mu nkhokwe pamtunda wa 25 atm.

Choncho, ngati kuli kotheka, madzi angathe kuperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikudzakhala koyenera kuganizira momwe ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwira ntchito paokha. Mphamvu yamagalimoto pamasinthidwewa ndi 150 malita. Ndi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutumikire dera lalikulu. Mphamvu yapamwamba yobwerera kuchokera ku injini imakhala ndi tangi yamadzi yokwanira, yomwe imakhala pamsanja wachisi. Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti pokhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka njira, njirayi si yabwino. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mafuta. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 100 pamsewu makinawo amatha pafupifupi 32 malita osakaniza mafuta.

Njira yothirira

Pochita kuthirira, makina ndi matupi ake ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi dalaivala. Kuchokera kumadzi achitsime amadza pamphuno ya centrifugal, kenako pamapeto pake fululita imatha. Kenaka madziwa amatsogoleredwa kudzera paipiipi kupita kumphuno yogwira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, njira yogwirira ntchito imadalira zomwe zimakhala ndi makina okwanira a kusintha kwake. Mitundu yamakono yamakono imakhala ndi machitidwe ovuta ogawira madzi pakati pa magulu angapo ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, gawo limodzi lingakhale ndi udindo wothirira msewu, gawo lina la ulimi wothirira mbewu zobiriwira, ndipo lachitatu likuyeretsa.

Chida chachikulu cha galimoto yothirira

Monga taonera kale, kuyimitsa magalimoto kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa thanki, yomwe ili ndi madzi. Mkati mwa thanki palinso fyuluta, mapaipi, wokhazikika komanso valve. Pofuna kuteteza kumangirira madzi mumtsinje, kawirikawiri kumangidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika madzi. Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu yowonjezereka, kuyika kwa zoonjezera mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezeredwa kumachitiranso. Komanso, kusinthidwa kwa galimoto ya Zilov 130-P kumapereka kuwonjezera kwa thanki yachiwiri. Tangi yowonjezera madzi ndiwongolera, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi malita 5,000. Zitsime zoterezi zimaperekedwa ndi valve ya cork ndi munthu wosakhazikika. Kupyolera mu valve yapakati ndikuonetsetsa kuti kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mutu wina wamphamvu. Apanso, pofuna kuchepetsa zinthu zoipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungira madzi, opanga magalimoto otere amagwiritsira ntchito mabotolo osungunuka pa akasupe amtundu. Gawo lapambali limapangidwa ndi makina opanga makina awiri omwe amawotchera makina, komanso kumbuyo kumakhala ndi akasupe ena. Kusintha koteroko kumapangitsa kukhala omasuka kugonjetsa zovuta za zigawo za msewu ndi makhalidwe osakhutiritsa a kuvala.

Zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa makina

Kuwonjezera pa chitsime chachitsulo, zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito zimaphatikizapo mabulosi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, mapepala amadzi ndi maburashi. Mbali zoyendetsera galimoto yothirira zimagawidwa m'magawo angapo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mapaipi. Komanso, ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimaphatikizapo mpweya wa madzi, valve yapakati, mpweya wamagetsi ndi mapaipi omwe ali ndi mphuno zozungulira. Zidazi zimapangidwira pa galimoto yamatabwa yomwe imakhala ndi akasupe. Pope logawira madzi la makina a ulimi wothirira amapereka ulimi wothirira kuphatikizapo ntchito zina. Choncho, zina zosinthidwa zimaperekedwa ndi zipangizo ndi pulasitiki, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito njira ngati chida chokolola. Nthawi zina zitsanzo zoterezi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuvala chophimba ndi zinthu zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa azigwira bwino ntchito.

Zochita Zowonjezera

Magalimoto omwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga magalimoto oyendetsa moto ndi oyendetsa. Pachiyambi choyamba, zipangizo za makinawa zimapereka kuti pakhale piritsi la moto lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbiya popereka jet ndi kupweteka kwa mutu. Inde, sikofunikira kunena za ntchito yonse ya kutentha kwa moto, koma monga njira yothandizira ya mtundu uwu, makina otha kuthirira akhoza kuganiziridwa. Ndi malaya opangira ntchito, ma valve onse ndi ma valve ali ophwanyika mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphamvu ya mutu komanso kupambana kwa moto. Pa ntchito yotengeramo, kusintha kwa matanki awiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa magalimoto oterewa, madzi amatengedwera kupita kumalo osungirako maofesi kutali ndi zipangizo zamagulu.

Mini Kuthirira Machine

Makina ang'onoang'ono okwanira amadzimadzi amadziwika ndi mphamvu yachitsulo ya tank komanso magawo ofunikira a malo ogwira ntchito. Zitsanzozi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa ZIL ndi kutalika kwa malo odiririra a 2-2.5 m. Komanso, m'gulu la makina osungirako mini, ndizotheka kuyika zitsulo ndi zotsatira za kukonkha. Iwo ali woyenerera bwino kuti asamalire madera obiriwira, ndi kuyeretsa malo a pamsewu. Zoonadi, makina okwanira mumasambawa ali ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono ka tanki, chifukwa chake pakufunika kudzazidwa kawirikawiri ndi madzi.

Opanga magalimoto

Ku Russia, magalimoto ambiri akuyimira ndi kusintha kwa ZIL chassis. Ndiponso, magalimoto amtundu wa ma komiti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro pamaziko a zitsanzo za Kamsky Automobile Plant. Ichi ndi makina olimbikitsa komanso othandiza, omwe amathandiza kuti kusungirako matanki akuluakulu, komanso kumathandizira kayendetsedwe ka matupi ogwira ntchito. Pang'onopang'ono, gawo ili likuwonjezeredwa ndi zipangizo zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, panthawiyi ntchito ya Haller 9000 imadziwonetsa bwino, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi malo osungira katundu ndipo imapatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokwanira.

Kutsiliza

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi udindo wapamwamba wa ntchito zomwe zimagwera pa galimoto zotsitsimula, zojambulazo zimakhala zosavuta komanso zoyambirira. Makina achikhalidwe a mtundu uwu amapereka kokha kukhalapo kwa zitsime ndi ntchito zomwe zimapereka ulimi wothirira ndi madzi. Komabe, makina okwanira akukwera bwino pokhapokha powonjezera ntchito, komanso ponena za magetsi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuchita ntchito za dalaivala ndipo, panthawi yomweyi, muzitha kukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu. Kumbali ina, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kumapangitsa ogwira ntchito yosamalira kugwira ntchito ndi madzi ambiri ndipo, motero, kuti asunge nthawi yobwezeretsa gombe. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida za matupi ogwira ntchito, magulu ogwira ntchito amagwiranso ntchito. Magalimoto amadzi a masiku ano samatha kokha kuthirira malo obiriwira ndikuchotsa misewu, komanso amapereka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka moto, kuthandizira kuzimitsa moto, ndi zina zotero.