Kupangidwa kwa wailesi kunachitika panthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu kwa sayansi ndi zamakono. Pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezereka, kulankhulana kwapandaulesi kwasanduka mbali yofunikira pazomwe anthu akupita patsogolo, zomwe zimakhudza chithunzi chonse Mtendere, ndi chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, kupatsa anthu mwayi watsopano.
Chiyambi cha kulankhulana opanda waya
Njira yoyamba yomwe idakonzeratu kuti pulogalamuyi idzayambitsidwa, gululi lidapezeka mu 1883 ndi Thomas Edison chifukwa cha kupopera mankhwala kuchokera ku foni yamagetsi. Wolembayo anazindikira kuti mphamvu yabwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku electrode imapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyi ipumidwe pakati pa filament ndi electrode. Izi ndizo, iye anapeza kuti pakalipano akhoza kulumikizidwa kudzera kunja kwapakati, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi otsogolera. Njira imeneyi idatchedwa "Edison effect". Mu 1868, wasayansi wa ku America dzina lake Mahlon Loomis ndiye anali woyamba kupanga chiwonetsero cha kulankhulana opanda waya. Ndipotu, iyi inali njira yotumiza ndi kulandira ziphuphu, kutalika kwa makilomita 22. Komabe, zinali zovuta kwambiri komanso zinalibe mzere wokwanira. Pofuna kulumikiza mawonekedwe opanda ungwiro, muyenera Anali akuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a m'mlengalenga kuti atumize uthenga pamtunda. Chofunikira pa chikhalidwe chotsatirachi chinali cholengedwa ndi James Maxwell mu 1865 mwa chiphunzitso cha magetsi a magetsi, omwe Alexander Popov ndi Guglielmo Marconi anadalira. Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo idakali chabe lingaliro, osati onse olandiridwa. Chiphunzitso cha mafunde othamanga magetsi chinatsimikiziridwa kuti, mu 1887, Henry Hertz adasonyeza dziko lapansi jenereta wake ndi resonator ya magetsi othamanga. Ntchito ya akatswiri a sayansiyi yakhala maziko ofunika kwambiri pakupanga chipangizocho, onse amagawana nawo pulojekiti ya radio. Chinthu china ndi chakuti mayesero onsewa anali kuyesa ma laboratory ndipo sanabweretse pamapeto omveka bwino.
Kupangidwa kwa wailesi: kotero ndani anali woyamba?
M'dziko lathu, mwachikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti ufulu wa ovumbula ndi wa Alexander Popov. Komabe, kumadzulo iwe udzauzidwa kuti anali Guglielmo Marconi wa ku Italy yemwe anayambitsa radiyo. Onsewa asayansi nthawi imodzi Inayendetsa Hertz chipangizo. Ndipo ngakhale njira yothetsera nzeru inali yofanana kwa iwo. Onsewa anawonjezera maziko ndi chingwe chogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi, komanso chida chotchedwa coherer-galasi chubu, yomwe imakhala ngati yotsutsa yomwe kukana kwake kumapeto kwake kunangotengera zokhazokha komanso kupanga malamulo kuti atseke makinawo. Mu 1895, pulogalamu ya Radiyo Popov inalengezedwa . Msonkhanowu unachitika pa May 7 mu Russian Physico-Chemical Society. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chaka chomwechi, Marconi amachititsa chimodzimodzi kuyesa, koma oyamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zolemba za patent. Kotero, kuyambitsidwa kwa wailesi ndi kovuta kupatsa mwapadera kwa munthu yekha, chinali chifukwa cha kukula kwa chiphunzitso cha mafunde a magetsi ndi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo kukhazikitsidwa kwake muzochita.