Kukhazikitsa ufulu wa chuma. Kukhazikitsa ufulu wa chuma cha padziko lonse

Kukula kwachuma ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chitukuko cha dziko lirilonse, ndicho chothandiza kusintha umoyo wa nzika zake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ufulu wadzikoli uli wofunikira kwambiri kuti zamoyo zisinthe komanso ndi zoonekeratu kwa mayiko onse, chifukwa masiku ano ndizofunikira kwambiri kuwonjezera GDP. Popeza kuti mabungwe a zachuma ndiwo omwe amachititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zachuma, n'zoonekeratu kuti zopinga zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zawo zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa chiwerengero cha kukula.

Ndalama zapadera ndizopambana mphamvu zachuma

Zidziwika bwino kuti ndalama zapadera ndizopangitsa kuti pakhale kukula kwa GDP. Ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti ufulu wa chuma padziko lonse ukuchitika m'mayiko ambiri. Ndipo izi zikutanthawuza kuti kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kukwera kwachuma chachuma. Ku Russia, kuyambira 1997, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwachuma m'maboma osakhazikika, ndi kukula kwachuma kuyambira 2000 (kupatulapo chaka cha 2009). Kukula mu nthawi yosakhala yovuta sikuti ndi ndalama zokhazokha, komanso gawo lawo poyerekeza ndi PGDP. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya ndalama ndi magwero ake. Kukhazikitsa ufulu wa chuma kumapereka ndalama zopitirira theka la ndalama zomwe zimapanga ndalama za mabungwe ndi mabungwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zingakhale zowonjezera kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zowonjezera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa magetsi monga boma ndalama ndi amalonda akunja, ngongole za banki ndi ngongole zina. Choncho, ndalama zazikulu zothandizira ndalama zimatengedwa ndi makampani, pomwe chuma cha boma, mabungwe azachuma ndi mabungwe akunja sagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira.

New Economy

Chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsa kuti pakali pano kukula kwa chuma chachepetsedwa. Mkhalidwe umenewu umayambitsa mavuto ambiri a zachuma ndi zachuma, makamaka omwe akukhudzana ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa katundu wa dziko, mwachitsanzo, gawo la ndalama zothandizira anthu komanso ndalama za penshoni. Kubwezeretsanso ndalama zochepa za GDP, sikutheka kukwaniritsa mapulogalamu akuluakulu kapena malipiro a anthu kwa nzika zambiri. Kuyesera kuchita izi phindu la ena kungapangitse zotsatira zosakhutiritsa mukutenga msonkho ndi kusokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuwomboledwa kwachuma sikungathandize kupeza njira yothetsera mavuto, ingathandize nthawi yaitali popanda kuchititsa zotsatira zina zoipa. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mipata yomwe ikuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka chikwi chachitatu, chifukwa cha zotsatira za malingaliro azachuma ndi mavuto apadziko lonse, dzikoli liri ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha kukula kwachuma.

Kukopa ndalama zachinsinsi zakunja

Pofuna kukopa ndalama zachinsinsi zakunja ndizopangitsa kuti boma la Russia likhale lopambana, koma zovuta kuti achite bizinesi sizilola chitukukochi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha ndalama zochepa zomwe zimayendetsa chuma m'mayiko akunja, ndipo ndiko kukonzanso zinthuzi, osati misonkhano yambiri ya malonda ndi malonda kunja kwa dziko lapansi. Kuonjezera apo, kupatulapo kunja, ndalama za mkati ndizofunikira, zomwe zigawanika, zimagawanika payekha ndi pagulu. Pakadali pano, mwayi wapadera wosungira ndalama sunayambe wagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti anthu sakukhulupirira ndalama zawo ku mabungwe a zachuma kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zachuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ena mwa ndalama zomwe nzika zapatsidwa zimakhala zochepa, ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri chuma. Kufunafuna ndalama zofunika za boma kuyenera kuchitidwa kudzera muzochitika za ndondomeko za ndalama ndi ndalama. Ndalama zochokera mu bajeti ya boma zowonjezera ndalama zikhoza kuwonjezeka, chifukwa, poyamba, boma silikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera pazinthu zowonjezereka, ndipo kachiwiri, chofunika kwambiri, gawo lalikulu la ndalama zomwe boma likugwiritsa ntchito likuyendetsedwa pa zinthu zomwe sizingapereke phindu ( Zili ngati mtengo wokonza nyumba kapena akuluakulu a boma). Kuonjezerapo, zingakhale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa monga gwero la ndalama zomwe ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu boma.

Economy: chiphunzitso cha kukula

M'zaka zapitazi zapitazo, pamene chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zachitukuko chinathandiza pakupanga, kupambana kwazinthu zambiri kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kukula kwatsopano. Zinaoneka kuti mawu akuti "ufulu wopezera chuma" saopanso anthu omwe angathe kukhala nawo malonda, kubwereranso kwa ndalama zakhala kwakukulu, ndipo anali jekeseni wapadera yomwe inachitikira pa mlingo wapamwamba. Kupeza sayansi kumaphatikizapo njira zatsopano zopangira. Sikuti amangowonjezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso amatsegulira njira zatsopano zamakono, zomwe zingatheke kuti agwiritse ntchito ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezereka kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso, kuwomboledwa kwachuma kumapereka ndalama zokhazokha kwa mwiniwake wa chipangizochi popeza chivomerezo, komanso kumalimbikitsa zatsopano zopezeka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko mu sayansi yamtengo wapatali ndi zabwino zapadera zomwe sizimachotsedwa, choncho zimapezeka kwa anthu onse okhudzidwa. Motero, kusintha kwazithunzithunzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kukula kwachuma. Choncho, zikhoza kuthekera kuti mtundu wa malonda apadera ndi ofunika kwambiri - kaya apite kuzipangizo zamakono, kapena kusintha zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndalama zimayambitsa kukula kwachuma

Pachiyambi choyamba, zotsatira za ndalama zidzakhala kupanga, momwe chida chatsopano chokhala ndi zinthu zatsopano chimalengedwa, chifukwa sichinalengedwe kale. Mtengo wa mankhwala oterewu udzakhala dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa la katundu kuchokera ku mafakitale akale. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, popatsidwa zachilendo, misika yatsopano ikukwera, kupititsa patsogolo dzina limeneli kumalimbikitsa. Pachifukwa chachiŵiri, kupitiriza kwa chilengedwe cha zinthu zakale kudzachitika, mtengo umene ungakhale wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa zitsanzo zoyambirira. Kukula kwa mtengo wogulitsa pakali pano kumakhala kochepa ponseponse (kupyolera mwa kukhutira kwa misika) ndi chikhalidwe. Kuwonjezera apo, tiyenera kudziŵa kuti pazoyamba, ndalama zimayambitsa kupanga zochuluka zamagetsi, m'chigawo chachiŵiri - ndi kumaliza, ndi zipangizo ndi mankhwala omwe amatha. Choncho, tili ndi mbali ziwiri zosiyana siyana za kugulitsa, zomwe zinkalimbikitsa kukula kwachuma kuposa momwe zinalili. Mwachiwonekere, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zatsopano ndi zopangidwe zamakono zamakono zowonongeka tsopano ndizochepa poyesa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zopanga malire, komabe zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti ufulu wodalirika ku Russia wawonjezeka zaka khumi zapitazi, makamaka chifukwa cha mabungwe apadera, ndipo izi zimapereka dziko lofunika Zoyembekeza, makamaka pakuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ena a ndalama.

Kupititsa patsogolo ufulu wopereka chuma

Ndiyeneranso kulingalira ngati chitukuko osati osati kokha ndalama, komanso ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, tikuyenera kukumbukira chiphunzitso cha anthu, malinga ndi zomwe anthu amathera nthawi popeza ziyeneretso ndi chidziwitso. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiphunzitso ichi n'chogwirizana kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha luso, pambuyo pake, antchito okhawo oyenerera angathe kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito ndi matekinoloje atsopano ndi malonda. Chinthu china chofunikira pa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, zofunikira pa chitukuko cha bizinesi.

Choncho, tazindikira mbali izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chokhazikika chachuma. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ufulu wadzikoli udzathetsere mavuto ambiri a anthu, ndipo kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zolakwika ndi kukweza kukwera kwachuma ziyenera kukhala chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri.