Kugula katundu wa chuma, chikhalidwe chawo

Kugula katundu wa katundu - specifications mankhwala, amene ayenera kwathunthu zofuna ndi zoyembezereka za makasitomala. Iwo khalidwe la mankhwala yomalizidwa anagulitsa kudzera ogulitsira ritelo.

Taganizirani zofunika ogula katundu katundu:

Luso la mankhwala kukumana zofuna kusangalatsa makasitomala. katundu izi tingasonyezere ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: malonda kavalidwe, zofanana ndi kachitidwe ndi kalembedwe, chitsanzo, mtundu, kamangidwe mankhwala, mawonekedwe zomveka, mlingo wa wosangalala zosoŵa zauzimu za anthu. Anthu ambiri a dziko lapansili ndi chibadidwe mwachibadwa kwa kukongola. Akufuna anazungulira okha ndi zimene zimayambitsa zabwino mtima. Kufunika kuyang'ana kumam'phunzitsa wokongola chakuti zofunika kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a zovala, nsapato ndi Chalk. Komabe, lingaliro la kukongola kwa anthu a m'dziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a Africa azisangalala losangalatsa wavala nambala yaikulu opangidwa m'khosi, ndipo mkazi wa dziko kulikonse izo ngati zotukwana. Komanso, ngakhale anthu a m'dera womwewo ukhoza kukhala ndi maganizo osiyana ndi maonekedwe a zinthu zomwezo. Ndicho chifukwa ichi ndi chithunzi choyamba chimene anthu kulabadira posankha malonda.

The katundu zokongoletsa katundu yodziwika ndi:

1. Information expressiveness - katundu limafanana ndi kapangidwe gulu ndi makhalidwe ena ndi mafashoni panopa. mankhwala amasonyeza malingaliro osiyana chikumbumtima ndi chikhalidwe. Pamafunikanso zingapo zochititsa kuti kuwasiyanitsa ndi mankhwala ofanana pa msika.

2. Rationality - kukhoza kuchita ntchito ya katundu chomwe analengedwera. Zimaonetseratu njira yolimbikitsa, ndondomeko kupanga mankhwala. Mbali imeneyi mulinso mfundo imene zinthu.

3. compositional kukhulupirika - kumaonekera paubwenzi organic pakati pa zizindikiro zonse kunja katundu. Mundawu amadziwika ndi mtundu mitundu, kapangidwe danga azithunzi omwe tikunena, plasticity, mawonekedwe zojambula mawonekedwe zinthu.

4. Ungwiro wa ntchito yopanga mankhwala - kuphedwa khalidwe la kunja mtundu wa katundu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchita mafupa chiyero, ❖ kuyanika quality, mwatsatanetsatane ntchito ya Logos, kapangidwe msinkhu ndi chabe Ufumuyo zolembedwa malonda mankhwala.

Kugula katundu wa katundu amagwiritsidwa yodziwika ndi makhalidwe zachilengedwe:

1. Chemical - kukana zinthu zimene m'zigawo osiyana mu mankhwala kapena kukhulupirika zosiyanasiyana oxidizing wothandizira, solvents organic, wothandizila madzi kuchepetsa, alkalis, zidulo, ndi njira zina. Zimene nkhani pa zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana nyengo: matalala, mvula, chisanu, etc. mankhwala bata Mulimonsemo zimadalira thupi ndi mankhwala Kapangidwe ka chuma mankhwala.

2. Kugula katundu katundu zimadalira maonekedwe - kulemera, mphamvu, kachulukidwe, kuwonjezeka, kuwala, ikukhudzana lamayimbidwe, makhalidwe matenthedwe. katundu thupi kwambiri, iwo amaonetsera mbali ya kapangidwe ndi kupanga katundu, modes wa ntchito ndi zodalirika mankhwala.

3. thupi ndi mankhwala zimatha katundu ogula - ndi makhalidwe sorption ndi zizindikiro. Iwo bwanji angatitonthoze la mankhwala, komanso zizindikiro zake thanzi.

4. Tizilombo zizindikiro za khalidwe katundu kudziwa mtendere wa nkhani poyera zosiyanasiyana tizilombo, tizilombo, makoswe.

Aliyense mankhwala akhoza wachinsinsi malinga ndi katundu onse pamwamba.