Kugonana chromatin

Nthawi zambiri matenda achikazi Dokotala ndi andrology pakufunika kuchita kudzifufuza majini a mtima. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza wodalirika kwambiri kukhazikitsa chifukwa cha matenda zayamba, kukatenga mankhwala nazo komanso kudziwa Mapa mu chitukuko cha matenda.

Kugonana chromatin - chizindikiro zofunika chitukuko kugonana pa mlingo ma. matenda n'kofunika milandu pamene izo zifika pa anomalies mu Kapangidwe ka maliseche kunja. phunziro imachitika monga kudziwika matenda oyamba ndi kuvutika chromosomal pamaso pa chitukuko mkhutu kugonana. Chifukwa cha ichi atha kutumikira ngati sitili kusamba atsikana ndi hypoplasia wa thumba losunga mazira kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zawo anyamata.

Kugonana chromatin anali woyamba anatulukira ndi wasayansi John. Bar mu 1949. Akafufuza maselo mitsempha amphaka, iye anati pa periphery wa mapangidwe phata chromatin. Kenako, mbali yofunika ya maselo wamkazi somatic anali wapezeka mu ambiri a anthu a dongosolo la nyama. Maselo wamwamuna corpuscles amenewa sanapezeke. Barr thupi ndi chigawo chimodzi cha zonse maselo a thupi la akazi. Ndipo nthawi zina lili ngati zokhudzana ( "drumsticks"). Somatic selo - mbali yofunika ya thupi. Zikuphatikizapo maselo thupi kupatula gametes lapansi. kupezeka analola kukuza lingaliro la njira mtima kugonana anthu ndi nyama.

Pamaso pa akazi thupi Barr matupi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa maselo somatic ziwiri X DNA. Komanso zochita mmodzi wa iwo okha. Chifukwa chake maselo akazi, pali nthawi zonse Barr thupi. chiphunzitso zina analola kudziwa anomalies mu chitukuko cha chamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, khungu ndi DNA atatu ndi awiri ng'ombe, ndi zinayi - atatu, etc. Matenda a chitukuko nthenda selo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amuna ndi akazi. Kuchokera chaka cha 1953, kupezeka lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kudziwa yeniyeni nambala ya X DNA anthu olumala kakulidwe.

chromatin kugonana kapena Barr thupi, ndi wakuda akufanana ndi anamaliza, triangular kapena ndodo woboola pakati, limene lili pafupi pamwamba mkati nembanemba nyukiliya. Izi anafooka X-khromozomu imene awiri ake ndi zosakwana 1 micron. Kudziwika Barr matupi maselo a 10-12% kuphunzira likusonyeza zabwino chromatin kugonana. zakuthupi Research zambiri amatumikira epithelium wa mucosa buccal (pamwamba mkati), kumaliseche, follicles tsitsi ndi madzimadzi amniotic. Ngati chithunzi si upambana 5%, izo zikusonyeza oipa kugonana chromatin.

Kugonana chromatin amachititsa kusiyana mtima interphase amuna komanso akazi. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mbali ukugwirira ntchito machitidwe maliseche ndi dongosolo lawo. Barr thupi mitundu iwiri: Y ndi X. The chimake choyamba ndi structural chigawo chimodzi cha Y-khromozomu ndipo wapezeka makamaka amuna. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi fluorochrome ntchito kuwala. X-chromatin (Barr thupi) - ndi inactivated X khromozomu. deactivation ake akupezeka masabata oyambirira chitukuko yoopsa ndi amasungidwa mitosis kwa nthawi yaitali.

Tikumbukenso kuti kugonana chromatin - ndi dongosolo zazikulu. Iwo zingasiyane malingana ndi chikhalidwe chonse cha thupi ndi kagayidwe maselo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchita kafukufuku ali osavomerezeka pa ntchito yokonzekera m'thupi, mu masiku oyambirira kubadwa, atakhala mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena.

Lero, pamaso pa kugonana chromatin madokotala kudziwa kugonana majini a mwanayo, matenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana matenda a dysgenesis gonadal ndi hermaphroditism. Kafukufuku pa chizindikiritso cha chigawo cha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchitidwe azamalamulo.