Kopanda Cave ansembe yotchedwa (Bakhchisarai)

Cave obisika mu Crimea analipodi kwambiri. Ambiri a iwo anawonongedwa pa nkhondo ya Golden gulu. Koma ena mwa akachisi osemedwa m'mwala akali sanamuvulaze. Zikuphatikizapo ndi Mfundo phanga obisika, wapafupi Bakhchisarai mu gorge Maria Dar. malo ndi, ngakhale kuti kachisi Mkhristu, atalemekeza mwa Asilamu. Dar Maria mu Russian zikutanthauza Namwali Mariya.

Mabaibulo anayambira

Theka loyamba la XVI mu. - iyi ndi nthawi imene anayamba kumanga mzinda wa Bakhchisarai. Woyera Mfundo phanga obisika anakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri. Mwatsoka, za amene inamangidwa mu Crimea la akachisi zachilendo bata zoona, palibe aliyense akudziwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, iwo amanena kuti anadula Byzantine Chimonko awo ikonopochitateli kuthawa ku mkwiyo wa Mfumu Leo III ndi Constantine V pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi kupembedza mafano. Komabe, olemba mbiri ena sizigwirizana ndi Baibulo ili. chakuti mbali mapulani a kuphanga-akachisi salola ife amaona analengedwa ndi agulupa Byzantine. Mu malawi losonkhanitsidwa ndi m'zipinda zogona mwambo posachedwapa m'gulu. Mu mipingo Crimea pali nambala yaikulu maselo payekha.

Mu nthawi ya ananena yomanga maofesi a thanthwe mu Crimea anali akadali amphamvu zachikunja miyambo. Komanso, ambiri Chiyuda Analeredwa monga chipembedzo boma la Khazar Khaganate. Choncho kumanga akachisi awa akanakhoza aliyense.

Nthano ya Kachisi

Kumangidwa kwenikweni zachilendo kwambiri - Mfundo Cave ansembe yotchedwa (Bakhchisarai). Chidwi cha alendo, kuweruza ndi ndemanga zochokera kwa Iye chabe wosaiwalika. About pomanga Mfundo phanga obisika pali nthano zambiri. Nthano ina imati kamodzi pa nthawi m'madera awa ndi njoka waukuluwo, kudyedwa ndi anthu ndi nyama. Ndatopa mopitirira muyezo wake wamba anayamba kupemphera mwakhama Virgin Mary chiwombolo. Anthu aona pa kandulo thanthwe yoyaka ndi anakwera naye. Pa phompho la adampeza chifanizo cha Lady athu atagona pafupi ndi njoka akufa.

Nthano wina watiuza kuti tsiku lina pa malo chithunzi cha Virgin Mary anapezeka. Pezani wamba ake ananyamula pansi - kuti kukagawira. Komabe, mmawa wotsatira fano anawonekera kachiwiri pa malo omwewo. Amaona zizindikiro ndi kudula mu malo kuti mpingo phanga.

Malinga ndi nthano lachitatu kulankhulana gorge. Mary Byzantine Chimonko kale anatsogolera chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu. Momwemo anapatsidwa ndi malo kumanga zovuta achipembedzo.

Obisika mu zaka VIII-XVIII.

Ngati timatenga monga maziko a kopanda wa Chimonko Byzantine, anakhazikitsa Mfundo phanga obisika anali pafupifupi mu VIII BC. Zotsatirazi atsogoleri anabwera kwa Crimea ndi kuika Ahelene, anathawa ku Aiwo wake iconoclasts. Amaganiza kuti phanga akachisi atumikira malo awo kwambiri pa kulambira.

Pa nkhondo ya Golden gulu, ambiri a akachisi lidawonongeka. Kopanda phanga obisika lili ku cha m'ma XV. Anakhala okhala Crimea Metropolitan. Mmodzi mwa akachisi ake chachikulu chinali chizindikiro cha zozizwitsa za Amayi a Mulungu, amene amapatsidwa ulemu osati Orthodox, komanso Asilamu. tsars Russian anawamasulira thandizo zonse ansembe a.

Kopanda phanga kachisi mu zaka XVIII-XIX

Mpaka m'zaka XVIII. Choncho, mphanga obisika zambiri. Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo asilikali Russian wotanganidwa Crimea. Mwa dongosolo la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, Metropolitan, pamodzi ndi Akhristu onse atabwerera ku Russia, pa Nyanja Azov, woyamba mumzinda wa Mariupol. Cave kachisi linasiyidwa.

Komabe, mu 1850, ndi mfundo imene Synod, agulupa anali kachiwiri anatsegula. Koma, mwatsoka, kamodzi kusungidwa mabuku m'menemo ndi maulaliki anali irretrievably anataya. Iwo akadali osadziwika - kaya Chimonko awo ndi iwo kapena anabisa atengedwa. Mwina tiakachisi yambiri akanangowonongeratu. Ndipotu, ngakhale frescoes pa makoma a obisika anali anafukula.

Pa wotchuka chitetezo cha Sevastopol m'makoma phanga zovuta ili kapitawo kuchipatala. Akufa anakwiriridwa pansi pa anavulazidwa - kutsogolo kwa obisika a. Alonda ankachitira wotchuka dokotala Pirogov.

Shrine, kusungidwa obisika ndi

"Chiyambi mwachidule", imene, mwa zina, zotsalira za agulupa za - Mu 1908, chikalata wapadera wasenza. Nanga tiakachisi wogwidwa patsogolo ulimi Mfundo phanga obisika (Crimea)? Information pa mndandanda chikalata ali motere:

• Icon kutalika kwa Mfundo 1 mayadi 3.5 mainchesi ndi m'lifupi mainchesi 11,5 siliva chasuble. chithunzi ichi imatengedwa mozizwitsa. Akhristu ambiri analandira kuchokera chizindikiro machiritso.

• Chikalatachi chizindikiro zozizwitsa za Amayi a Mulungu wa Mapanga Kiev. chithunzi ichi anali anapereka kwa obisika ndi Metropolitan Filaret. Pamaso pa chifano ichi pa August 15 Ankachita usiku wonse vigil.

• Chithunzi Mpulumutsi ndi 84 zotsalira osiyana woyera. chithunzi ichi anatumizidwa ku Korsun Amayi a Mulungu obisika.

• A buku la Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu "Panagia". Ndi njira imeneyi, malinga ndi nthano, zidavumbulutsidwa kamodzi pa thanthwe. Tikayang'ana kufotokoza, chizindikirochi anaikidwa mwinjiro siliva ndi adakonzeka ndi ngale ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

• Kandachime ndi Khristu, anapanga mitundu itatu ya mtengo Pevko, paini ndi mkungudza. Pa nsana wake anali lolembedwa kuti "atumiza kwa Old Russian Athos pa kutsegula tsiku 1850".

• Utoto mwachindunji pa thanthwe, pa malo a chodabwitsa cha "Panagia" chifaniziro cha Virgin. Pamaso chizindikiro ichi inextinguishable nyali yoyaka.

Pa thanthwe kwambiri m'masiku awo anali kudula maselo 16. Wina ziwiri anayikidwa pansi. yachonde A pa zimenezi zinachititsa staircase osemedwa m'mwala mu gawo 84. Kuwonjezera maselo, linamangidwa pansi pa awiri gawo nyumba kwa ansembe, ndi abbot wa nyumba ndi khitchini ndi yophika buledi.

Mu Soviet Union,

Kulimbana ndi ziphunzitso, yomwe inayamba mu 1917, nayenso bwanji Mfundo phanga obisika. Kachisiyo kaŵirikaŵiri. Chimonko komanso kuwomberedwa. Pomaliza obisika zinali kutsekedwa mu 1921. Pa WWII nkhondo m'mapanga amenewa, monga kamodzi pa kanthawi, kuyikidwa chipatala kwa molasidwa. Akufa asilikali Soviet, komanso akazembe tsarist asilikali pa chitetezo cha Sevastopol, anakwiriridwa pansi - pafupi agulupa yokha. Nkhondo itatha, amisala chiphaso sukulu opareshoni pano.

kuchira

Mu 1993, m'phanga obisika anali atabwerera kwa okhulupirira. Pakali pano, ansembe yotchedwa chomveka. Atsogoleri kachisi ndi anamanga nyumba yopemphereramo msewu. Kuchira Panafunika ndalama zambiri. Ansembe anakana kutenga ndalama ya utumiki. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tchalitchi salinso mitengo. Maubatizo, pamaliro, Mapemphero, kudzipereka kwa nyumba ndi zina zotero. Ansembe obisika amuna masiku ano ndi kwaulere.

Woyera Mfundo Cave ansembe yotchedwa (Bakhchisarai, Crimea): kufotokoza zovuta za

The nyumba kwambiri wakale wa agulupa ndi phanga mpingo wa Mfundo ndi abbot nyumba. Si kale, linakhalanso monga mpingo thanthwe la St. Mark. Komanso, kukhazikitsanso akachisi anawononga kulankhulana. Helena ndi Constantine. pafupifupi kanthu chidwi Mwachitsanzo, alendo chidwi sipezeka mipingo okha. zotsalira onse mwatsoka anawononga m'nyengo Soviet. The ochepa zithunzi otsala anasamukira ku nyumbayi mu Mariupol. Komabe, magazini zinalengedwa ndi agulupa kamodzi okongola phanga akachisi a mafano. Reconstituted anali ngakhale agulupa chachikulu chinali kamodzi kachisi - chifanizo cha Lady Wathu Akukwera.

Chosema Woyera Mfundo phanga obisika mu Crimea mwachindunji mpanda wa munthu wina wamtali, pang'ono yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda zosiyanasiyana. Ndi pamaso chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira mazenera a mipingo thanthwe wosemedwa maganizo wowoneka wa Crimea Mountains. Kumbali ina ya gorge denga chimafikira kwa kusema maselo ake ndi zipinda pafupi.

Ndithu alendo kukopa chidwi akhoza kukhala dilapidated yosanjikizana nyumba imene analiko zisinthe kubwera kwa apaulendo obisika. Pambali pake, ndi zotsalira za kuthetsa wakale Salancik ndi nyumba choyambirira cha Crimea Chitata za m'ma XVI.

Mwa zina, zovuta zimaonetsa yakale yoyendera kapitawo manda ndi manda a asilikali Soviet.

Kayendedwe

Alendo ambiri amene amabwera Crimea, mwina mukufuna kukaona Mfundo phanga obisika. Bakhchisarai - mzinda umene chophweka njira mukhoza kupeza izo. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kukhala pansi pa minibasi kapena galimoto akubwera kuchokera sitima kapena basi siteshoni. Ku siteji ya kuuka za kilometre kudzera gorge lapansi. Zikuuluka pa mpingo kulumphira ndi bwino kuonekera patali. Ena alendo kufika agulupa ya Bakhchisarai ndi monga kuyenda. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupita ku chiyambi cha msewu Rosa Luxemburg ndi mzikiti akale Tahtali Cami.

zokopa Nearby

Kuwonjezera pa Akukwera Cave ansembe yotchedwa, Crimea odzaona malo nthawi zambiri Pitani pabwino pang'ono pamwamba phanga mzinda Calais. Yotsirizira unakhazikitsidwa mwina mu Ages Middle natumikira monga kuteteza zinthu m'malire a Ufumu wa Byzantium. Mwatsoka, pa nthawi ino, mzindawo ndi mabwinja. Pakati pa Akukwera ansembe yotchedwa ndi Calais ndi ili Turkey manda Mansour Gaza. Ndi ili mu nkhalango pamthunzi. Kuikidwa mu tsiku manda kumbuyo kwa zaka XV-XIX. Ambiri a tombstones chosula ku anajambulapo m'deralo. Kumizidwa mu manda makamaka asilikali amene anatsogolera mzinda pa anawazunza lapansi. Ndipo Woyera Mfundo phanga obisika ndipo Calais zokhudza malo World Heritage ndi m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO.