Kodi tikudziwa mbali chirengedwe kumene achititsa kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu?

Boma la Chile mu maonekedwe ake, mwina chinthu Chodabwitsa kwambiri mu dziko. Ndi yopapatiza ndipo ndi yaitali, Ayala kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa zikwi makilomita. Pamene Mzere yopapatiza, limene lili m'mbali mwa Pacific Ocean, ali ndi malo ambiri zachilendo mu dziko. Ndi apa kuti dziko driest chipululu - ndi Atacama. Izi zodabwitsa zachilengedwe anaonekera kuno zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. Koma chinsinsi chachikulu Ofufuza ndi chifukwa kuti malowa bwinja unali pakati pa mapiri ndi nyanja. Pansipa ife kufotokoza waukulu mbali chirengedwe kumene achititsa kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu, ndipo younikira mbiri yake ndi zochita zake.

pamalo

Atacama imatengedwa m'chipululu kwambiri ndi ku America South. Komanso, poyerekeza ndi zofanana m'madera ena achilengedwe a dziko, ali nyengo kwambiri louma, komanso kuyambira kale kwambiri chiyambi. Ngati bwinja lokhalokha ku Antarctica anayambitsa pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni 10 zapitazo, m'dziko mderali lotengeka ndi mphepo wakhala zaka 40 miliyoni. Komabe, malo amene timakumana nawo m'dera la Chile, sizingafanane ndi Namibia kapena shuga. Sand apa si kwambiri nthaka akuimira mu mawonekedwe a solidified thanthwe la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyala ndi dongo. Mu Akatame mungapeze ovuta kakang'ono kamene kugawa malo pa chigwacho. The driest pakati pawo ndi Moon. Apa, dziko zambiri wosabala, ndipo palibe mpweya kwa zaka 400. Pa kugombe la Pacific Ocean ndi doko ang'ono ndi mzinda, amene ali kunyumba okwana anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 5.

nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe kwa America

Molondola kudziwa zimene zimaonetsa malo osiyanasiyana anathandiza kuti pakhale wa Atacama chipululu, n'zosatheka, popeza malipoti zolembedwa za izi. Zikuoneka kuti pamaso pa isanayambike ya ngoziyo lonse kuti zinachititsa anasintha wa mbale tectonic, panali ndithu ukufalikira ndi gombeli kukongola kwake dera limene kumenyana mafunde a m'nyanja. Komabe, tidziwa kuti kale pambuyo kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Chile ano pafupifupi kwathunthu anasiya, Amwenye anakhala kumeneko. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zotsalira za matupi awo, amene ali pansi nthawi zonse mphepo youma ndi inasanduka Mitembo yokhala ndi pafupifupi anawola.

Zomwe mapeto asayansi

Pamene asayansi amakhulupirira nthawi yathu, mbali chirengedwe kumene achititsa kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu - tokha nyanja ndi mapiri yozungulira dera limeneli. N'zodabwitsa kuti nyengo yamvula ya awo malo achilengedwe wazunguliridwa ndi mbali kwambiri louma la dziko. Ndipotu, ndiye zifukwa zoonekeratu, limene ife mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu. Koma poyamba Dziwani kuti mfundo imeneyi, asayansi kubwera posachedwapa. Poyamba, malowa anakhalabe bwinobwino, ndipo palibe ngakhale ndinaganiza za izo. Chabwino, mbali chirengedwe kumene achititsa kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu - ichi ndi pamwamba pa Andes ndi panopa ozizira ya Pacific Ocean.

mapiri

Kummawa, woyendera nthambi m'chipululu cha chikopa cha Africa yense a Andes. kutalika awo ndi mkulu, chifukwa zowononga zambiri ndipo mitambo yosavuta chiyani kudutsa pamwamba. madipoziti zonse zimene anapanga pa mbali yaikulu ya kulalikira, amagwa pansi monga mvula mu Brazil ndi ku maiko pafupi. Mu Andes, iwo kuwasandutsa chisanu ndi gombe si nkhani kumadzulo. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chinathandiza mapangidwe a Atacama Chipululu ndi maonekedwe izi osiyanasiyana phiri, amene nawonso, ali mamiliyoni ambiri zaka. Mwa njira, m'dambo zonse anapanga pa Africa ndi nthawi kuthirira dziko mphambano ake ndi Andes, Amazon zikuluzikulu zinthu. N'chifukwa chake ndi mtsinje akuya mu dziko.

madzi nyanja

Kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu chokha Pacific Ocean, pa gombe umene ili. Ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja Chile ndi Peru, pano akupita kuzizira Humboldt Current, chomwe chimatsatira ku Antarctica. Pakuti M'madera a zitunda awa madzi kutentha, tinganene ndi zosayenela. Pachifukwa ichi, mphepo iliyonse kuti n'kuliza kuchokera nyanja, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, kudutsa zone izi, izo utakhazikika ndi choyenera sangathe kupanga mpweya uliwonse. zodabwitsazi limatchedwa mthunzi mvula, pamene zinkaoneka mwayi mvula kumeneko, koma pa nthawi yomweyo sizichitika ndi sizidzachitika.

Pomaliza

Zodabwitsa, mbali Hrs kuti achititsa kuti mapangidwe a Atacama chipululu - mapiri ndi nyanja. Iwo ali gwero la chinyezi kuti dera lililonse, koma mu nkhani iyi, tikhoza kunena panali anomaly achilengedwe. Mapiri akhala chopinga m'mitambo onyamula mvula ndi chipale chofewa m'deralo. A otaya nyanja ozizira amene ali kutentha otsika kwambiri chifukwa ayezi Antarctic, amapereka dropwise vaporizing chinyezi amakhala gwero la mitambo ndi mvula Atacama. Izi uzingopitirira m'madera zinayamba pafupifupi 40 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo akadali nyengo ndi nyengo mikhalidwe m'chipululu sizinasinthe.