Kodi kuvutika maganizo kwambiri? Nato toti nyanja

Kwa zaka zambiri mu kuya kwa nyanja zimakopa anthu. Madzi, monga ife tikudziwira, amatenga kuposa 2/3 a dziko lapansili. Choncho n'zotheka kufufuza nthawi yayitali. Nato nyanja toti masiku ano kukopa akatswiri ambiri. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa anthu yaitali anafuna kudziŵa zosadziwika. Komanso, ngalande pa mapu anaonekera ndi posachedwapa.

Komabe, si mphamvu zonse luso kulola kuti tidziwe chidwi chanu. Nyanja adakali mwamphamvu kusunga zinsinsi zambiri zobisika pansi pa madzi. Anthu okha m'zaka 19 mochedwa, anayamba kufufuza m'maenje kwambiri ndi zigwa. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza kuti tili zokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali zinthu phunzirolo.

Kodi maganizo kwambiri

Amadziwika kuti pansi pa nyanja - chigwa, lomwe lili pa akuya mamita pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri mpaka mamita 6 pansi pa zigawo furrowed ena, monga makwinya, dimples ... Ali kuya osiyana. cavities izi makamaka m'madera a ntchito nthaka. Kuposa 8 zikwi. Mamita wa kuya awo.

Kodi maganizo kwambiri

maonekedwe awo chikugwirizana ndi njira zimene zinachitika kalelo, pamene dziko lathuli anali akuupanga. Today N'zovuta zaka pamene padziko lapansili, panalibe nyanja. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi anali.

Anthu simukhala kupeza nzeru zambiri za njira kunachitika chonse. Komabe, kubadwa kwa mapulaneti ife tikudziwa kuti chinachake. Tiyeni kusiya pambali chiphunzitso cha Mulungu ndi kuwauza zimene iye akuganiza za sayansi. Mphamvu yokoka, imene anakhudzidwa kwambiri, potelani tangles mapulaneti ku mtambo ozizira mpweya ndi fumbi. Ntchito imeneyi bwino kuyerekezera ndi mbuye ipitirirabe bun mtanda. Kumene, mipira izi zimapezeka ku mawonekedwe abwino. Komabe, iwo anapita ulendo onse pa chilengedwe chonse.

mapiri Education

Matumbo a dzikoli pa zaka biliyoni kuyenda danga kwambiri kutenthetsa. Iwo anakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya chidule yokoka ndi oipa nyukiliya wa isotopes ndi moyo wautali. Pa nthawi ya isotopes ngati zinali zambiri. Zikuoneka matumbo a dziko ndiye, chinthu china ngati ng'anjo nyukiliya - anasungunuka kumtunda chovala dziko lapansi. Ndipo anali pa nthawi imeneyo anayamba kuchita zinthu mapiri. ndalama yaikulu mipweya, phulusa ndi nthunzi ya madzi anayamba kutaya iwo. Ndipo m'mbali mwa mapiri loyenda chiphalaphala moto kupuma.

Maonekedwe a nyanja ndi zofunika nyanja

lathuli ndi waphimbika mu chifunga chifukwa cha pasukuluyi. Iye mbisoweka pambuyo mitambo, amene anatenga nawo, kuwonjezera mpweya chiphala, misa lalikulu la nthunzi. Izo ziyenera kuti m'masiku amenewo dziko sanali otentha. Asayansi ankaphunzira, amene anapeza kuti kutentha kwa dziko kuzungulira zaka biliyoni moyo wake sanali upambana 15 ° C.

Pa dziko lapansili akutsikira wa condensate kugwa yozizira nthunzi. Chifukwa, izo poyamba yokutidwa ndi nyanja osiyana ndi maiwe. Poyamba, padziko Lapansi, ngati inu tsopano mukudziwa, sanali yosalala ndi madzulo. Komabe, kulephera yachuluka chifukwa cha ntchito chiphala. Madzi anadzaza matendawa, zinandivuta osiyana. ikuluikulu onse akukhala nyanja osiyana, malingana ngati iwo ophatikizidwa. Choncho nyanja yaikulu unakhazikitsidwa. Mafotokozedwe anapatsidwa pamwamba, kunapatsidwa kwa Otto Yulevichem Shmidtom, ndi Soviet wasayansi. Kumene, amanena ndi maganizo, komanso ena monga izo. Komabe, palibe amene akali atapereka Baibulo ndithu.

tectonic maganizo

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe matendawa, anapanga. Iwo kuchepetsa padziko lapansi. Kodi kuvutika maganizo kwambiri? Zikupezeka pa mtunda ndi pa nyanja ndi nyanja. anachokera zimagwiritsa tectonic. Mu mawu ena, amagwirizana ndi ntchito za mapiri a lathuli. Choncho matendawa, tectonic makamaka ambiri. Iwo akuyimira imene zolemba yaitali kutsitsa kutumphuka dziko lapansi chifukwa njira akusinthira pakhoma (mbali chapamwamba, wotchedwa asthenosphere).

astenosphere

Mawu "asthenosphere" amachokera ku mawu awiri a Chigriki. Mmodzi wa iwo likumasuliridwa kuti "ofooka", ndipo chachiwiri - ndi "mpira". Pafupifupi 800-900 Km ndi makulidwe astenosphere. Ndi gawo lalikulu avundulidwe dziko lapansili. Asthenosphere ndi zochepa wandiweyani kuposa mmunsi mwa pakhoma. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zotanuka, kuyambira misa amadzadza osungunula chiphalaphala omwe amachokera kwambiri. The asthenosphere zonse zimachitika kuti outflow nkhani kusindikiza. Choncho, chiphalaphala amasuntha nthawi zonse. Izo ndiye lilowa, ndiye kukacha.

lithosphere

Robe adzatsekeredwa amabisa olimba molimba chigoba cha kutumphuka, ndi makulidwe a limene liri 70 Km. Pansi pa dzikoli ndi chapamwamba chovala pamodzi kupanga lithosphere. Dzina limeneli ndi chiyambi Greek, ndi tichipeza mawu awiri. The oyamba - "mwala", ndipo chachiwiri - "dera". The chiphalaphala chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, lomwe likutuluka kwa kuya, lakamba zambiri (mpaka fupa lothyoka) kutumphuka. Ambiri fractures izi zikuchitika mu kuya nyanja. Nthawi zina chiphalaphala kuyenda ngakhale kukhala ndi kusintha mu liwiro rotational, motero mawonekedwe ake.

Lithosphere - si homogeneous mosalekeza chivundikirocho. Amakhala ndi mbale 13 lalikulu - midadada, amene makulidwe ndi pakati pa 60 ndi 100 Km. Onsewa mbale lithospheric nazo zonse zikuluzikulu ndi chokhala kutumphuka. Yaikulu ya iwo ali American, m'mayiko a Australia, Antarctic, Eurasian ndi Pacific.

Mbale kuyenda ndi matendawa, chakuya

Mu kutali kale panali maphunziro osiyanasiyana a nyanja ndi m'maiko, chifukwa mbale apaulendo. Masiku ano, pang'onopang'ono diverging American ndi African. American mbale amayandama pang'onopang'ono kwa Pacific ndi Eurasian kufupi ku African, Pacific ndi m'mayiko a Australia.

kayendedwe Crustal chifukwa ntchito tectonic unkachitika mu M'mbiri yonse ya dzikoli. Cavities amagwiritsidwa anapanga pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Iwo yodziwika ndi zaka zosiyana miyala. Chiphala ndi nyanja lembani cavities akale. Ndipo wamng'ono ali bwino zili zimachititsa chilumbachi la dziko lathuli. Choncho, akatswiri mosavuta kudziwa pamene pali kwambiri ndi matendawa,.

mawonekedwe cavities

Kutsitsa matanthwe a pansi padziko akhoza kutseka kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo ambiri a iwo. Kawirikawiri kufika tsidya mazana makilomita, osachepera - chikwi. Monga ulamuliro, mawonekedwe awo m'madera ndi bata kutumphuka lathuli ndi zambiri kapena zochepa anamaliza, nthawizina - chowulungika. Koma malamba a m'manja, kumene maganizo, ali mawonekedwe liniya. Komanso, nthawi zambiri okha ndi zolephera.

ngalande

Depression - si umboni okha timasamala ndi zinthu miyala. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kulozera kwa iwo, nthawi zambiri kunena, "ngalande". chakuti lingaliro ili molondola kwambiri amapereka mawonekedwe maenje a mtundu umenewu. Pali ambiri m'deralo, kusintha pakati pa nyanja ndi kumtunda. Makamaka zambiri kwambiri Pacific ufa. Pali 16 mabeseni. Palinso kwambiri Atlantic ufa (3). Koma Indian, apa pali M'mimbamo chimodzi chokha.

Kuya wa ufa kwambiri kuposa Mamita 10 chikwi.. Iwo zili Pacific Ocean, amene ali wamkulu. Mariana ngalande (pa mapu, pamwambali), ndi ufa kuya kwa yodziwika, ili apa. "Challenger Nato" - dzina la mfundo zake zakuya. kuya kwake ndi pafupifupi 11 thous. M. Chigwa ichi nalo dzina lake pa Islands Mariana, ili pafupi izo.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira Mariana ngalande

Asayansi ayamba kufufuza nkhani imeneyi 1875. Zinali ndiye kuti "Challenger" ndi corvette British, kubatiza zambiri kwambiri, amene anatsimikiza kuti kuya kwake ndi 8367 m. The British mu 1951 mobwerezabwereza zinachitikira, koma nthawi imeneyi ntchito sonar. Zolemba mozama, amene iye anakonza anali 10 863 meters. Chilemba latsopano anawalemba mu 1957. Iwo anakhazikitsa Russian ulendo, amene anapita kwa ufa pa ngalawa "Vityaz". A mbiri latsopano anali mamita 11.023 Posachedwapa, mu 1995 ndi 2011, maphunziro anali kuchitidwa, anasonyeza zotsatira zotsatirazi -. 10 920 ndi 10 994 meters, motero. N'zotheka kuti akuya wa Mariana ngalande zambiri.