Personal moyo ndi mbiri Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Zikayenda ndi Kutulukira Tsiolkovskii

Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky ndi chidwi osati mawu a zikayenda bwino, ngakhale kuti ali ndi wasayansi wamkulu uyu anali kwambiri. Tsiolkovsky amadziwika kuti ambiri monga mapulogalamu a woyamba chitsanzo roketi, timatha kuuluka mu mlengalenga. Komanso ndi wasayansi wotchuka mu munda aeroastronavtiki, aerodynamics ndi aeronautics. danga Izi wasayansi omveka dziko. Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky ndi chitsanzo cha khama. Ngakhale zinthu zinafika povuta kwambiri, sikuti iye anakana kupitiriza ntchito sayansi.

Origin, ubwana

Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich (zaka za moyo - 1857-1935) anabadwa pa 09/17/1857 mu Ryazan, m'mudzi wa Izhevsk. Komabe, iye ankakhala kuno motalika kwambiri. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 3, mu Ignatievitch Edward, bambo wasayansi, ndi mavuto potumikira chinayamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, banja Tsiolkovsky zinalimbikitsa 1860 mu Ryazan.

Mayi chinkhoswe mapangidwe koyamba Constantine ndi abale ake. Zinali iye amene anamuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, komanso kuti timudziwe bwino ndizosowa masamu. "Nkhani" Aleksandra Afanaseva - buku limene aphunzira kuwerenga Tsiolkovsky. mayi ake anaphunzitsa mwana wake zilembo yekha ndi mmene kupanga mawu makalata, Kostya anaganiza yekha.

Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 9, iye anagwira chimfine pambuyo sledding ndi fever. matenda ndi vuto zinachititsa kuti imfa ya kumva Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Wogontha Constantine chiyani musadandaule, musati kusasangalala ndi moyo. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti anayamba kuchita akhale mmisiri. Tsiolkovsky anakonda kupanga pepala kanjedza zosiyanasiyana.

Edward Ignatievich mu 1868 kachiwiri opanda ntchito. Banja anasamukira ku Vyatka. Apa, abale anathandiza Edward kupeza ntchito yatsopano.

Maphunziro zolimbitsa thupi, imfa ya m'bale wake ndi amake

Constantine pamodzi ndi Ignatius, mng'ono wake, anakhala zophunzira wamwamuna Vyatka zolimbitsa thupi mu 1869. Movutikira, iye anapatsidwa maphunziro - panali nkhani zambirimbiri, ndi aphunzitsi okhwima. Komanso, ugonthi kwambiri chinalepheretsa mnyamata. Chaka chomwecho anaona imfa ya m'bale wotchedwa Dmitry aakulu Constantine. Iye anakutumulira banja lonse, koma koposa zonse - amake, Maria Ivanovna (chithunzi ake tafotokoza), umene uli kwambiri amakonda mafupa. Mu 1870, iye atamwalira.

imfa mayi chisoni mnyamata. Ndipo linali osati zinthu zambiri Ziolkowski anayamba kuphunzira poipa. Iye Adadzadzidwa bwinobwino kumva ugonthi awo, chifukwa anachita zambiri lakutali. Amadziwika kuti Tsiolkovsky zambiri kulangidwa chifukwa cha antics wake, ngakhale mu ozizira pa. Constantine anali chaka chachiwiri mu sitandade chachiwiri. Ndiye, kalasi lachitatu (mu 1873), iye anachotsedwa. More Tsiolkovsky paliponse ndipo sanaphunzire. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iye anagwira ntchito paokha.

kudziletsa maphunziro

Ndi pamene Tsiolkovsky anapeza maitanidwe woona. Mnyamatayo anayamba maphunziro paokha. Books, mosiyana ndi mphunzitsi malamulo mowolowa manja akugawana Tsiolkovsky nzeru ndi konse kudzudzulidwa. Kenako Constantine limodzi ndi sayansi ndi luso zilandiridwenso. Tsiolkovsky analenga lathe kunyumba, komanso oterewa zoyambitsidwa chidwi.

Moyo mu Moscow

Edward Ignatievich kukhulupirira mu luso la mwana wake, anaganiza kuti amutume kwa Moscow, kotero iye amalowa mu Sukulu ya Engineering (tsopano MSTU. Bauman). Zimenezi zinachitika mu July 1873. Koma Kostya ku sukulu ndipo sanachite chifukwa ena osadziwika. Iye anapitiriza Namkungwi mu Moscow. Tsiolkovsky anakhala bwino kwambiri, koma Inayesetsa chidziwitso. Iye anakhala pa zida ndi mabuku wotumidwa ndi atate wa ndalama.

Mnyamatayu anapita tsiku lililonse Chertkovsky laibulale, kumene anaphunzitsidwa sayansi. Apa iye anakomana ndi Nikolaem Fedorovichem Fedorovym, woyambitsa wa cosmism Russian. Munthu uyu m'malo Constantine yunivesite aphunzitsi.

Tsiolkovsky chinali chaka choyamba cha moyo mu Moscow, anaphunzira sayansi ndi masamu chiyambi. Pambuyo pawo panali yofunika ndi masiyanidwe kakyulasi, ozungulira ndi mawunikidwe Masamu, ajebura apamwamba. Kenako Constantine anaphunzira zimango, zimapangidwira, ndipo zakuthambo. Kwa zaka 3 iye katswiri sukulu ya galamala pulogalamu, komanso mbali yaikulu ya yunivesite. Atate ndi nthawi sangathe kupereka moyo Tsiolkovsky mu Moscow. Constantine kunyumba m'dzinja la 1876 wotopa ndi wofooka.

pandekha

The ntchito mwakhama ndi mavuto zinachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya. Ziolkowski anayamba kuvala magalasi atabwerera kunyumba. Kumanganso mphamvu, adayamba kuphunzitsa pawekha masamu ndi sayansi. Patapita kanthawi, iye sanalinso ofunikira ophunzira, kwasonyeza kukhala mphunzitsi wamkulu. Tsiolkovsky ntchito mwa njira anayamba ndi Iye mu khalidwe la maphunziro, imene inali yaikulu zithunzi ziwonetsero. Tsiolkovsky kwa maphunziro Masamu anapanga zitsanzo za polyhedrons anapanga pepala, unachitikira pamodzi ndi ana zatsopano mu sayansi. Izi udachita iye mbiri ya aphunzitsi, momveka bwino nkhaniyo. Ophunzira anakonda Tsiolkovsky makalasi kumene izo zinali zonse chidwi.

Imfa ya m'bale wake, kulemba mayeso bwino

Ignatius, ndi mng'ono wa Constantine, anafa kumapeto kwa 1876 Abale kwambiri kuyambira ubwana, choncho imfa yake inali yopweteka kwambiri kuti Constantine. Ziolkowski banja mu 1878 anabwerera ku Ryazan.

Constantine yomweyo atafika zapita kufufuza mankhwala, zotsatira zomwe chifukwa cha kusamva anali kumasulidwa ku usilikali. Pofuna kugwira ntchito monga mphunzitsi, kuti amafuna kutsimikizira kuyenerera. Ndipo Tsiolkovsky anathana izi vuto - kugwa kwa 1879 iye mayeso monga wophunzira kunja mu zolimbitsa thupi loyamba zigawo. Tsopano mwalamulo anakhala masamu mphunzitsi Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

moyo

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky m'chilimwe cha 1880 anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa mwini chipinda imene iye ankakhala. Ndipo mu January 1881, anafa Eduard Ignatievich.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ana Mwana ndi ana atatu Chikondi - Ignatius, Alexander ndi Ivan.

Ntchito Borovsk chigawo sukulu, woyamba zokhudza sayansi

Tsiolkovsky ntchito mu Borovsk mphunzitsi chigawo sukulu, mu kufanana kupitirizabe kuphunzira kunyumba. Iye anachita zojambula, anagwira mipukutu, ayesa. ntchito yake yoyamba linalembedwa pa zimango mu zamoyo. Tsiolkovsky mu 1881 analenga ntchito yake yoyamba chimene tinganene kuti alidi sayansi. Tikulankhula za "chiphunzitso mpweya". Koma kenako anaphunzira Di Mendeleev kuti anapeza chiphunzitso izi zinachitika zaka 10 zapitazo. Tsiolkovsky, ngakhale kubwerera m'mbuyo kamodzi, anapitiriza maphunziro ake.

Development dongosolo la zibaluni

Vuto lina lalikulu, lomwe wotanganidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, anali chiphunzitso cha balloons. Patapita nthawi Tsiolkovsky ndinazindikira kuti vuto imeneyi ndi kulabadira. Wasayansi anayamba mamangidwe ake a zibaluni lapansi. The chifukwa cha ntchito anali Tsiolkovsky "Chiphunzitso ndi zinachitikira chibaluni ..." (1885-86 gg.). Mu ntchito iyi anali wolungama mwa chilengedwe cha ayambe latsopano kapangidwe airship kukhala woonda zitsulo chipolopolo.

Nyumba moto Tsiolkovsky

Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky chinali masoka wa April 23, 1887 Pa tsiku limeneli, iye anabwerera ku Moscow pambuyo chidali chifuniro chake cha uthenga. Zinali ndiye kuti moto zinachitika m'nyumba ya Tsiolkovsky. Iwo anatentha zitsanzo mipukutu, laibulale, zojambula ndi katundu banja, koma makina osokera (icho chinali kuponyedwa pabwalo pawindo). Zinali zopweteka zovuta kwambiri kwa Tsiolkovsky. Iye ananena maganizo ake ndi malingaliro pamanja wakuti "Pemphero."

Kusamukira ku Kaluga, ntchito yatsopano ndi maphunziro

DS Unkovsky, mkulu wa sukulu ya pulayimale, 27 January 1892 akufuna kusamukira ku sukulu ya Kaluga wina wa "wakhama" ndi "mphamvu" aphunzitsi. Apa Tsiolkovsky moyo mpaka imfa yake. Kuyambira 1892 anagwira ntchito Kaluga chigawo sukulu mphunzitsi wa masamu ndi masamu. Popeza 1899, wasayansi anaperekanso maphunziro mu sayansi mu akazi Diocesan School. Tsiolkovsky analemba Kaluga ntchito yaikulu pa chiphunzitso cha ndege zosagwiritsa, Azamlengalenga, malo zamoyo ndi mankhwala. Komanso, anapitiriza ntchito pa chiphunzitso cha zachitsulo dirigible Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Photos anapereka m'munsimu - chifanizo cha chipilala kuti wasayansi mu Moscow.

Mu 1921, pambuyo pa mapeto a chiphunzitso, iye anapatsidwa moyo munthu penshioni. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka imfa yake Tsiolkovsky yonena amalembedwa mwa kumiza mu phunziroli, kukhazikitsa ntchito kufalitsa malingaliro awo. Kuphunzitsa salinso chinkhoswe.

Pafupi nthawi yovuta

The Tsiolkovsky yakula kukhala woyamba zaka 15 za m'ma 20. Ignatius mwana wake anadzipha mu 1902. Komanso, mu 1908, nyumba yake pa chigumula wa Oka mtsinje anasefukira. Chifukwa cha ichi, tinali kugonja pa makina ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ambiri, anataya kuwerengetsera ambiri wapadera.

moto Choyamba, ndiye osefukira ... Zikuoneka kuti Tsiolkovsky osati mawu kucheza ndi nyengo. Mwa njira, kumbukirani moto mu 2001, umene unachitika pa chombo Russian. Sitima zinagwira moto, pa July 13 chaka chino - "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," sitimayo. Mwamwayi, pamene palibe wina anaphedwa, koma chombo yokha anali lowonongeka. Mkati, chirichonse liwotchedwe ngati moto 1887, amene anapulumuka Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

yonena wake ikusonyezedwa mavuto amene akanati wosweka ambiri, koma osati ucheogo wotchuka. Ndipo moyo wake patapita kanthawi kunakhala kosavuta. Russian anthu okonda mirovedeniya June 5, 1919 wasayansi anapanga tambala wake ndipo anamuika penshioni a. Chinapulumutsa Tsiolkovsky cha njala pa kusokonezeka, monga Socialist Academy June 30, 1919 sanamvere iye m'maudindo awo ndipo motero opanda n'zodalirika a. Tanthauzo la zitsanzo zokambidwa Tsiolkovsky kuyamikira mu Physico-Chemical Society. Mu 1923, Alexander, mwana wake wachiwiri, anatenga moyo wake.

Kuzindikira utsogoleri chipani

boma la Soviet kukumbutsidwa Tsiolkovsky yekha mu 1923, pambuyo anapanga H. Oberth, German wasayansi, buku la injini roketi ndi kuyenda malo. Kukhala komanso kugwira ntchito zinthu Tsiolkovsky ndiye zinasinthiratu. Party utsogoleri wa USSR nakokera chidwi cha asayansi amenewa otchuka monga Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. mbiri yake yaitali kwadziwika ndi zambiri zikayenda bwino, koma iwo safuna amphamvu a dziko lino kuti nthawi zina. Ndipo mu 1923, wasayansi anaikidwa penshioni munthu, anapereka zinthu zochitika zipatso. A November 9, 1921 anayamba kupereka penshioni ndi ntchito kwa sayansi. Tsiolkovsky analandira ndalama mpaka September 19, 1935 Pa tsiku anafa mu Kaluga, omwe anakhala kunyumba kwake, Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

zikayenda

Tsiolkovsky akufuna njira zosiyanasiyana kuti ndapeza ntchito mu roketi. chiwongolero Izi mpweya chifukwa akuyendetsa ndege ya roketi ya; ntchito propellants kwa yozizira chipolopolo kunja kwa chombo pa kulowa kwa spacecraft mu m'mlengalenga ndi ena. munda wa utsi roketi, apa anatsimikizira Ziolkowski. Ankafufuza kuchuluka kwa mafuta amene osiyana ndi oxidants, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta nthunzi: mpweya ndi chimasanduka kapena wa hydrogen Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Kutulukira Ake chiwembu turbomachine. Komanso, iye lofalitsidwa mu 1927 chiwembu ndi chiphunzitso cha sitima pa mpweya khushoni. Choyamba akufuna wa galimotoyo, kutsetsereka pansi thupi, zinali Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Kuti iye anatulukira, tsopano inu mukudziwa. Airship ndi danga kuyenda - mavuto waukulu wasayansi ali pamoyo wake wonse.

Mu Kaluga, kowonera zakale za mbiri ya astronautics dzina la sayansi iyi, imene mungaphunzire zambiri, kuphatikizapo pa asayansi amenewa, monga Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Photos wa nyumba owonetsera zakale limaoneka pamwamba. Pomaliza, Ndikufuna ndibwereze mawu. Mlembi wake - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Zonenedwa iye ambiri adziwe, ndi izi, mwinamwake, inu mukudziwa. "Dziko ali mchikuta za maganizo, koma palibe amene angakhale kosatha mchikuta ndi," - anati mmodzi Tsiolkovsky. Lero mawu ili pakhomo la paki kwa iwo. Tsiolkovsky (Kaluga), kumene iye anayikidwa wasayansi.