Zidule Satirical amasimbira Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - Mlengi wa mtundu wanyimbo wapadera zolembalemba - ndi satirical nthano. nkhani Small Russian wolemba anadzudzula bureaucracy ndi autocracy, liberalism. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ntchito izi za Saltykov-Shchedrin, monga "Wild mwininyumba", "Mphungu-woyang'anira", "Wanzeru minnow", "carp-idealist."

Features nkhani Saltykov-Shchedrin

Amasimbira, wolemba akhoza kukumana ndi zophiphiritsa ndi grotesque ndi okokomeza. Pali mbali khalidwe Aesopian Nkhani. The mgwirizano pakati pa zilembo kusonyeza mzimu kuti zinkachitika mu bungwe la za m'ma XIX. ndi njira ntchito satirical wolemba chiyani? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kukhala mwachidule moyo wolemba kotero mopanda chisoni okhwima adzatsutsa dziko lapansi za nzika za.

analemba

Saltykov-Shchedrin ophatikizana ntchito yake zolembalemba ndi yothandiza anthu. Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa mu chigawo lina la Tver, koma pambuyo pa mapeto a Lyceum anapita ku St. Petersburg, komwe adalandira malo pa nkhondo Office. Kale mu zaka zoyambirira za ntchito ku likulu la msilikali wamng'ono anayamba ofooka bureaucracy, mabodza, kusungulumwa akulamulira mabungwe. Ndi chimwene Saltykov-Shchedrin anapezeka madzulo zosiyanasiyana zolembalemba, amene anali chogwidwa ndi maganizo antiserfdom. Za maganizo ake, anadziwitsa Petersburgers nkhaniyo "A Lonse Ovuta Kumvetsa," "kutsutsana". Amene anali kupita ku Vyatka.

Moyo kuchigawo kwathandiza wolemba kusunga mwatsatanetsatane dziko malamulo, moyo wa nzika ndi wamba osautsidwa ndi iwo. Zimenezi wakhala nkhani ntchito ina olembedwa, komanso mapangidwe njira yapadera satirical. Moyo m'nthawi ya Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin kamodzi anati: "Iye amadziwa Russian, ngati wina aliyense."

Satirical zidule Saltykov-Shchedrin

ntchito yake osiyanasiyana ndithu. Koma mwina wotchuka kwambiri mwa ntchito za Saltykov-Shchedrin basi maphwando a nkhani. Pali njira zingapo wapadera satirical zimene wolemba anali kuyesera kuuza owerenga inertia ndi Bodza wa mwininyumba mu dziko. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse izo ndi nthano chabe. Mu wolemba uphimbika limasonyeza kwambiri nkhani zandale ndiponso kufotokoza mfundo zawo ndi maganizo awo.

njira ina - kugwiritsa ntchito amajambulapo maluwa okongola wosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu "The nthano za mmene munthu mmodzi kudyetsedwa asilikali awiri" Iwo amatumikira monga njira yosonyezera wosakhutira ndi landlords lapansi. Pomaliza, kunena za njira satirical Shchedrin, osanenapo ikuimira. Ndipotu, ngwazi za nthano zambiri zimaloza ku umodzi wa zochitika chikhalidwe cha m'ma XIX. Choncho, zilembo zazikulu za "Konyaga" anasonyeza kuti mavuto onse a anthu Russian, oponderezedwa kwa zaka zambiri. Pansipa ndi kusanthula ntchito osankhidwa a Saltykov-Shchedrin. njira zimene satirical ntchito mwa iwo?

"Carp-idealist"

Nthano izi maganizo a ophunzira anafotokoza Saltykov-Shchedrin. Satirical zidule kuti angapezeke mu mankhwala "carp-idealist" - ndi ophiphiritsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otchuka ndi miyambi. Aliyense wa zilembo - fano gulu la anthu a kalasi pachisangalalo.

chiwembu chimazungulira nthano - kukambirana carp ndi Ruff. Choyamba, kale bwino kuchokera mutu wa ntchito amamuchititsa n'zosatheka worldview kukhulupirira kwambiri. Ruff chomwecho - ndi Ayi, mfundo, ankakayikira akuseka Goliyati. Pali nthano, ndi khalidwe lachitatu - Pike. Nsomba zimenezi n'zosathandiza limaimira Saltykov-Shchedrin, mphamvu kukhala mu mankhwala. Pike amadziwika kudya carp. Last, lotengeka ndi maganizo abwino, iwo anatumiza kwa mdani wa. Lamulo nkhanza za chilengedwe (kapena zaka anakhazikitsa ufumu wolowezana wa anthu a) Karas amakhulupirira. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti pokambirana ndi Pike nkhani ya mwayi wofanana, chimwemwe chonse, ukoma. Ndipo kotero afa. Pike, monga wolemba zolemba, mawu "ukoma" si bwino.

njira Satirical ntchito osati zodzudzula chinthu chimodzimodzi wa oimira zigawo zina za anthu. Ndi iwo, wolemba akuyesera kupereka n'zachabechabe khalidwe chotetana, amene anagawanika pakati pa luntha la m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

"Wild mwininyumba"

Zokhudzana serfdom odzipereka kwambiri kwa danga ntchito za Saltykov-Shchedrin. Iye anali ndi chinachake kunena kuti owerenga nkhani imeneyi. Komabe, kulemba nkhani journalistic za ubale wa landlords kuti wamba kapena buku la ntchito luso mu mtundu wanyimbo cha Kuzindikira pa phunziro anali zinadzala ndi zotsatira zoipa za zochita wolemba. Ndipo kotero ine ndinali amachita nthano, zosavuta azithunzithunzi nkhani. Mu "Wild Mwenechiroache mundu," tikulankhula lililonse Russian ufumuyo, osati ankasiyana erudition ndi nzeru.

Iye amadana ndi "anthu" ndi maloto awo ya laimu. Pa yemweyo opusa mwininyumba sanamvetse kuti adzafa popanda Amaya. Ndipotu iye safuna kuchita chilichonse, ndipo sadziwa. Akuganiza kuti zinachitika ya ngwazi nthano ndi mwininyumba, amene mwina wolemba anakumana mu moyo weniweniwo. Koma palibe. Izi si za mbuye iliyonse. Ndipo pa wosanjikiza chikhalidwe wonse.

Mokwanira, popanda circumlocutions, nkhaniyi Saltykov-Shchedrin chaululidwa "Ambuye Golovlyovo". otchulidwa buku la - oimira a akuzigawo tidakocheza mtundu - akuphedwa mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Chifukwa imfa yawo - kupusa, umbuli, ulesi. Khalidwe nthano "Bakuman Mwenechiroache mundu," tsoka chomwecho. Ndipotu iye anamuchotsa wamba, amene anali woyamba adakondweretsa koma moyo popanda iwo sanali wokonzeka.

"Mphungu-woyang'anira"

Ngwazi za nthano ino - mphungu ndi akhwangwala. Woyamba limaimira nzika. The chachiwiri - wamba. Wolemba kachiwiri anadza kuvomereza zophiphiritsa imene akungondinyoza ndi makhalidwe oipa a anthu amphamvu. The nthano ndi pano Nightingale, Magpie, ndipo kadzidzi ndi Woodpecker. Aliyense wa mbalame - zophiphiritsa pa mtundu wa anthu kapena apamwamba. Otchulidwa mu "Orel-Maecenas" waumunthu kuposa Mwachitsanzo, ngwazi za nthano "carp-idealist." Choncho, Woodpecker, adazolowera kukangana mu kwanilitse mbiri mbalame wakhala kapolo wa mdani, koma kugwa kumbuyo mipiringidzo.

"Wanzeru minnow"

Monga ntchito tafotokozazi, nthano ino wolemba wakweza nkhani zogwirizana nthawi. Ndipo apa zimaonekeratu zifukwa choyamba. Koma njira satirical Saltykov-Shchedrin - ntchito njira luso kwa zopindika yovuta chithunzi osati anthu, komanso chilengedwe. Ofotokoza mu "nsomba wanzeru," wolemba kalembedwe lililonse wa Fairy-nthano: "Panali ...". The ngwazi za wolemba wake yodziwika motere: "ndi ŵakusanga zolimbitsa-aufulu".

Wamantha ndi passivity nthano ino akungondinyoza mbuye wamkulu wa Zotengera. Ndipotu, makhalidwe amenewa anali ofanana kwa anthu ambiri anzeru mu Mipingo ya m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Minnow sasiya konse m'mene angatetezedwe ake. Iye amakhala moyo wautali, kupewa anthu oopsa kwa dziko madzi. Koma atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa amadziwa mmene anaphonya pa moyo wake ndi wopanda pake.