Kodi katundu kuti legiruemye zitsulo?

Amadziwika kuti zitsulo ndi chiyero mkulu (peresenti 99,99 kapena zambiri koyera mankhwala) ndi mphamvu otsika, kuwapanga zovuta ntchito. Kuchotserapo ali zotayidwa ndi mkuwa, ntchito zomangamanga magetsi. Zitsulo, mogwirizana ndi magwiridwe awo, uyenera kukhala chinthu chimodzimodzi, azivala kukana, kuuma, ndi zina, elasticity ndi ductility Koma chitsulo mu mawonekedwe woyera kulenga iwo zosafunika.

Legiruemye zitsulo amasiyana wamba pamaso chongopeka anayambitsa zina zomwe kudziwa zina zimatha aloyi za m'tsogolo. Choncho, wamba mpweya zitsulo ali kufanana zosiyanasiyana "mbewu" ferrite, cementite, ndi perlite. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa alloying zinthu mpweya chiwerengero zambiri yafupika pearlite (kuonjezera mphamvu zitsulo).

Legiruemye zitsulo mwa kuyambitsa zinthu zina zambiri ndi olakwika galasi latisi, tingakhale ndi kukhuthala zina (pa kusinja perlite ndi ferrite), kuchepa nkhawa mkati, yafupika Mwina akulimbana pa kuumitsa kapena kuwonjezeka mu kuya kwa chuma ndi calcining Al.

The katundu wa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi mwachindunji amadalira zigawo zina. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu chromium ndi faifi tambala koma mbali zitsulo ku dzimbiri, manganese kumawonjezera amadza kukana, kuvala kukana ndi kuuma ukuwonjezeka. Chotero mchitidwe monga pakachitsulo, zimathandiza Nkhani bwino kupirira zotsatira zidulo ndi cobalt kumawonjezera mphamvu mkulu-kutentha.

Legiruemye zitsulo mipweya lagawidwa high-, medium- ndi otsika-aloyi (zili zina ndi oposa 10%, 2.5 - 10% ndipo pasanathe 2.5% motero). Mu massively opangidwa srednelegirovannye zitsulo (kuwonjezapo akupanga za 5-6%) a dongosolo la pearlite. The zina kasakaniza wazitsulo structural wa zikuchokera (martensitic, carbide, austenitic, ferritic) sakhala wamba.

Zipangizo za mtundu uwu, komanso mankhwala ena mafakitale, ali GOST yake. Aloyi steels anawagawira ndi mfundo boma № 4543 - 71, amene sakhoza kuona chiwerengero cha zigawo zina mu zitsulo za mtundu makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, hromomargantsovonikelevy aloyi ndi titaniyamu ndi molybdenum 25HGNMT chitsanzo wapangidwa ndi kwa 0,29% mpweya, mpaka 0,37% pakachitsulo, peresenti 0,8 manganese, mpaka 0,6% ndi 1,10% ya chromium ndi faifi tambala (ankalemekeza ), mpaka theka peresenti molybdenum ndi peresenti 0,09 titaniyamu. Kuwonjezera assortment ndi luso zofunika GOST lili deta zonse pa njira mankhwala kuyezetsa, malamulo kuvomereza, mayendedwe, ma CD ndi ena.

Legiruemye nawonso m'magulu angapo monga mwa kutsimikiza awo: zomangamanga, zipangizo (amene anyamula kudula zipangizo monga akufa pochita, owona, macheka, mphero cutters, etc. (Kodi ntchito luso lopanga, kumanga milatho, magalimoto njanji, mafuta ndi gasi, akasupe, akasupe, etc..) .) ndi mwapadera cholinga zitsulo ndi kukana mkulu ndi dzimbiri kwa electrochemical mtundu.