Aloyi zitsulo

Posankha mfundo kupanga mankhwala zitsulo ndi makhalidwe angapo kuonedwa kuti, kuphatikizapo modulus wa chinthu chimodzimodzi. Izi structural sanakhudzidwe index zimatengera okha chikhalidwe cha chuma imene zinthu mphamvu - stringers, mafelemu, mbale mosabisa, etc.

The modulus apamwamba chinthu chimodzimodzi ndi zitsulo, womwe ndi mitundu iwiri mankhwala awo zikuchokera. Choyamba, izi zitsulo aloyi, amene makamaka anawonjezera zinthu alloying kupeza katundu aliyense kutero.

Zinthu zazikulu zimene zimakhudza katundu wa zitsulo - ndi mpweya, pakachitsulo ndi manganese. Mpweya pamene kuwonjezeka wokhutira amapanga zitsulo mphamvu ndi kulimbika konse, pamene kuchepetsa ductility ake. Pakachitsulo chikuyendetsedwera ngati wothandizira deoxidizing, koma ngati wokhutira ndi maperesenti oposa mmodzi kwambiri chatsitsa ndi weldability cha chitsulo: china chotulutsa ndi Chimaona. Ndi mchitidwe monga manganese bwino brittleness ozizira ndi kulimba kwa zitsulo, komanso pokhala deoxidizer wabwino.

Childs, kuwonjezera chitsulo ndi mpweya, ndi anawonjezera kuti chigawo chilichonse umodzi, chotero alloyed zitsulo wachinsinsi monga zitatu zikuluzikulu, zinayi zikuluzikulu, ndi zina zotero. D. Nthawi izo zimasiyanasiyana mutu wa chinthu alloying, monga chromium, chromium-faifi tambala, etc. hromonikelmolibdenovaya

Aloyi zitsulo lili maperesenti oposa mmodzi wa chromium kapena faifi tambala. Ngati alipo mu oposa 0.5% ya vanadium, titaniyamu, molybdenum, niobium, asafe, mkuwa, etc., amaona ndi zinthu izi aloyi.

Malinga chiwerengero cha zigawo anawonjezera aloyi zitsulo lagawidwa ndi subclasses zotsatirazi:

- mkulu-aloyi zitsulo, mmene zili okwana zinthu alloying peresenti pasanathe khumi;

- srednelegirovannoj - zosaposa zisanu ndi zitatu pa zana;

- otsika-alloyed zitsulo, zimene chinthu china okha anawonjezera ndi nkhani za malire chapamwamba osapitirira awiri peresenti.

Childs, zinthu alloying kusauka mtengo wa zitsulo, makamaka chifukwa ena zinthu akuwonjezeka mwa iwo okha ndi chofunika mtengo zitsulo. Choncho, Kuwonjezera awo ku zitsulo pamafunika chinakhazikika.

Alloyed zitsulo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: woyamba manambala awiri amasonyeza mpweya okhutira (hundredths peresenti a), makalata amasonyeza salembedwa anawonjezera alloying mchitidwe manambala pambuyo pawo - zili chinthu ichi monga anthu a. Kalata "A", womwenso kumapeto kwa njira chodetsa, kuti zitsulo mkulu khalidwe ndi ochititsa otsika a phosphorous ndi sulfure.

Wina kusuntha mipweya ya chitsulo - mpweya. Wake chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa ndi cheapness kupanga kunadetsa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri.

Chimodzi mwa ntchito anafuna wa zitsulo ndi ntchito zake kupanga kuyeza ndi kudula zipangizo, mbali makina, afa ndi mapindikidwe ozizira ndi otentha.

Chida zitsulo ndi mlandu aloyi, ndipo mpweya, ndipo malingana ndi malamulo kumalamuliridwa ndi mlendo, chifukwa aliyense mankhwala enieni zitsulo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi yeniyeni mipweya.

. Mwachitsanzo, kwa zipangizo opaleshoni, akufa pochita, tchizulo, nyundo, screwdrivers, macheka, hobs, etc. ntchito zitsulo makamaka gulu - mkulu-aloyi, mkulu-liwiro. Iwo ali kuuma mkulu, kutentha kukana ndi kukana kumva kuwawa. Izi wapadera katundu amene analandira powonjezera alloying wapadera ndi carbide tungsten, komanso yovuta kutentha mankhwala.

Pakuti nyundo, kutentha ndi kuzizira akamwalira, amatha kuumba ndi Al. Ntchito sukulu zitsulo monga H6VF, 9X, 5HNM etc.