Kodi ayodini ndi chiyani? Kusungidwa kwa kusungidwa kwa chilengedwe cha ayodini

Pa kutchulidwa kwa ayodini, ambiri a ife timakumbukira ubweya waung'ono ndi ubweya wa thonje. Izi ndi momwe amayi athu ankachitira nkhanza ndi kubisa ana. Ndipo lero inu mukhoza kupeza ayodini yotero, mtengo mu pharmacy ndi ndalama.

Ambiri achikulire amadziwa kuti ayodini ndizofunika kwambiri. Zimakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithokomiro ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko yamagetsi. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi ayodini adzakhala ndi dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku vesicle kuti akwaniritse bala. Kodi ayodini ndi chiyani? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani mtengo wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri?

Kodi ayodini ndi chiyani?

Iodini ndi mchere umene umapezeka mumagulu osakaniza: madzi, dothi, mvula ikapezeka mumlengalenga. Amakhalanso ndi zakudya zambiri za zomera ndi zinyama. Choncho, zimadziwika bwino kuti ayodini imakhala yambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja , komanso nsomba zina: nsomba, shellfish, crustaceans.

Iodini imapezekanso pa zakudya zomwe timazidziŵa bwino: mazira, ng'ombe, mkaka, batala, kabichi wamba, masamba ena, tirigu. Vuto lonse ndiloti sikokwanira mwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, chiwindi cha cod (amakhulupirira kuti chiri ndi ayodini wambiri) chili ndi 800 μg ya mchere, komanso kukwaniritsa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, uyenera kudya 180 g za mankhwalawa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuthetsa funso la zomwe ziri bwino - zobiriwira kapena ayodini, sitiganizira momwe iodine ikufunika pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Akuluakulu amafunika makilogalamu 150 a iodini patsiku, ndi amayi apakati - 200 micrograms. Chizolowezi kwa makanda ndi 50 mcg, ndipo kwa mwana wa sukulu - 120 mcg.

Vuto lina lokhudzana ndi kuperekedwa kwa chinthu ichi ku thupi la munthu chidzakhala chiwonongeko chake pokonzekera. Potero, pakuphika, pafupifupi 50% ya chinthu chofunikira ichi chatayika. Phukusi la mchere wodetsedwa m'mwezi uli ndi 50 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimatchulidwa.

Kukula kwa zomera pa dothi, osauka mu mchere, kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zikugwirizana.

Pano, njira yothetsera vutoli ingatchedwe mankhwala omwe ali ndi ayodini, mtengo pamsika kwa iwo, koma nthawi zambiri kutali ndi anthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ayodini

Nchifukwa chiyani ndizofunika kwambiri kwa ife mcherewu, womwe uli ndi zing'onozing'ono kwambiri m'thupi la munthu?

Zili ndi ma milligrams okha, koma zimakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pa njira zamagetsi. Choncho, pafupifupi 15 mg ya ayodini imakhala ndi chithokomiro ndipo ndi mbali ya mahomoni omwe amapanga triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine. Mahomoni awa ndi omwe amachititsa ntchito zambiri:

• Khalani ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa pa kukula ndi kukula kwa zamoyo zonse;
• Sungani mphamvu ndi kusinthanitsa kutentha;
• Kambani mu okosijeni, mafuta ndi mapuloteni;
• Kuwongolera kayendedwe ka kolesterolini;
• Popanda iwo lamulo la ntchito ya mtima silichita;
• Zimasokoneza njira yothetsera magazi komanso kupanga mapulogalamu a magazi;
• Iwo ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha pakatikati cha mitsempha chitengeke.

10 mg otsalawo ali mu ziwalo zoberekera m'mimba mwa amayi komanso prostate gland (amuna), impso, chiwindi, tsitsi ndi misomali.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu izi mu thupi la mwana kungachititse kuchedwa kwa chitukuko chake cha thupi ndi m'maganizo, ndipo kupitirira kwake kumayambitsa poizoni wotchedwa "iodism," mwinamwake kusokoneza chithokomiro, matenda owopsa otchedwa "hyperthyroidism".

Zolinga zosiyana, makampani opanga mankhwala amapanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Lero, mtengo wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi ayodini wosakanizika kwambiri ndi okwera. Ndipo izi siziyenera kokha ku njira yothandizira kupanga mankhwala, komanso kuwona kuti kuwonjezera kwa ayodini ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali zamakono.

Anthu ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi funso losavuta la zomwe ziri bwino - zobiriwira kapena ayodini pochiza mabala atsopano? Apa zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ayodini sichidzangoteteza chitukuko ndi kuwononga matendawa, izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri. Izi zidzalimbikitsa machiritso mofulumira - ndipo pakadali pano ayodini ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi

Iodini ndi yofunika osati kuti zitsimikizire kuti moyo wa munthu umakhala wabwinobwino, umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, pakufunika kupanga mankhwala ochuluka.

Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ma X-ray amatengedwa, zithunzi zimapangidwa, kuwonjezera pa mafuta, magalasi opangira kuwala ndi zotsatira zake zimapangidwa ndi izo, ndizofunikira kupanga zitsulo zoyera.

Lero njira yatsopano ikukula popanga nyali za incandescent, kumene ayodini imakhala yofunikira kwambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kudzawonjezera kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa nyali zamakono zomwe zimapezeka ndi makina a tungsten.

Malingana ndi chiŵerengero, 99% mwa malo omwe amadziwika ndi ayodini ali ku Japan ndi Chile, ndiwo omwe amapereka ndalama ku msika wa mdziko. Motero, makampani a Chile amapanga matani oposa 720 a ayodini pachaka.

Mafakitale ku Russia amalola kupanga matani 200 a mchere wowonjezera pachaka, omwe ndi ocheperapo 6 kuposa momwe dziko likufunira.

Kuchotsa ayodini kuchokera ku nyanja

Funso la kufunikira kwa kuchoka kwa mafakitale kwa chinthu ichi kunayambira m'zaka za zana la 18. Ngakhale zinali choncho kuti zomera za m'madzi zowonjezera mcherewu. Njira yoyamba yopanga mafakitale inali kuchotsedwa kwa ayodini kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ku Russia, chomeracho chinamangidwa ku Yekaterinburg (1915), ndipo chinapanga mchere kuchokera ku phylloflora (nyanja ya Black Sea).

Lero, kuchotsa mchere wochokera ku algae ndi njira yowonjezera yopezera ayodini pa mafakitale. Zopangidwe zimamangidwa pafupi ndi nyanja, panthawiyi, ayodini ya crystine imachokera ku phulusa la zomera zouma zouma. Makampani aakulu kwambiri amapanga matani 300 a mchere wa crystalline pachaka.

Marine laminaria amatchulidwa kuti ndiwo magwero akuluakulu a mafakitale a ayodini. Lili ndi 0,8-0.16% ya ayodini (mu nkhani youma).

Kutsekedwa kwa mchere kuchokera ku zinyalala zamchere

Kusungunuka kwa ayodini kuchokera kwa mayi wofiira wa saltpeter yopangidwa ndi saltpeter ndi imodzi mwa njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri zamakampani. Pano funso la zomwe zimapanga ayodini kuchokera, yankho lidzakhala losavuta - kuchokera ku zinyalala.

Zinaoneka kuti pakupanga saltpeter (Chile kapena sodium) mu zakumwa za amayi, mpaka 4 g wa iodate ndi iodide ya sodium imakhalabe pa 1 kg ya brine (iyi ndi 0.4%). Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 200 kuzungulira dziko lapansi, ndipo ntchito yake yaikulu ndi yotchipa.

Kutenga ayodini kuchokera ku brines

Yankho lina ku funso la momwe ayodini amapangidwira ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mchere kuchokera ku zamoyo zachilengedwe - zachilengedwe zamadzi.

Zoona zake n'zakuti pobowola zitsime za mafuta m'mphepete mwa madzi, mavitamini ambiri amapezeka, nthawi zina zoposa 100 μg pa lita imodzi, koma makamaka osaposa 40. Mbali imeneyi ya madzi akuya anapezedwa ndi Potylitsyn AL (wolemba zamakina a ku Russian) mu 1882, Komabe, zinali zodula komanso zachuma kuti zitha kuchotsa mchere kuchokera ku brines.

Migodi yamalonda inayamba kokha m'ma Soviet pambuyo poyambira njira ya malasha yowonjezera ayodini (1930). Ma malasha amatha kuwonjezera mpaka 40 g wa ayodini pa 1 kg pa mwezi. Tsopano iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito kristalo yakuda ku Russia.

Mitsinje ya Ionite

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan. Njirayi ndi yatsopano ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano kuti atulutse zipangizo.

Komabe, ku Russia sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa sizingatheke kuchotsa ayodini onse ku zipangizo ndikusiya kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo.

Njira zatsopano za V. Ganyaev

Posachedwapa, Pulofesa V. Ganayev adapanga teknoloji yapadera kuti ayambe kuchotsa ayodini kuchokera ku madzi amchere. M'chilimwe cha 2016 malo opangidwira anapangidwa, ndipo lero akuyesedwa bwinobwino.

Malinga ndi asayansi, zipangizo zamakono zatsopano sizingokhala zachilengedwe zokha, koma ndizopindulitsa kwambiri, sizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a kloride ndi mankhwala a sulfuric acid. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi minda kungakhale 24 g pa 1 lita imodzi yazing'ono.

Choncho, atafunsidwa za momwe ayodini imapangidwira, Mukhozanso kuyankha kuti ku Russia - kuchokera ku madzi amchere. Ngakhale kuti asayansi amakhulupirira kuti lusoli lidzathandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mafuta.

Kodi ayodini ya mankhwala imapangidwa motani?

Masiku ano timadziwika bwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - mowa 5% wa ayodini, ntchito imakhala yochepa. Analowetsedwa ndi mankhwala, komwe ayodini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi wowuma.

Ngati tilingalira funso ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa kupanga ayodini ndi zamankhwala, ndiye kuti tiyenera kumvetsera zotsatirazi.

1. Popanga zipangizo za mafakitale, zimapangidwa monga crystalline mchere ndi zina za ayodini woyera (malinga ndi tebulo la Mendeleyev).
2. Iodini yachipatala imakhala itatha pambuyo pokhudzana ndi makina opaka ndi zinthu zina: madzi, alcohols, ethers.

Choncho potsirizira pake: Makina oyambirira a ayodini sali ogawidwa mu zachipatala ndi zamakono - izi ndizo zomwe amalandira pothandizira kukonza.

Mtengo wa kukonzekera kwa ayodini m'ma pharmacy sumadalira pa chigawo chachikulu, koma pazigawo zina zowonjezera zomwe zidzalowa mankhwala. Mu chidziŵitso chodziwika bwino cha antiseptic, pali ayodini yokha komanso ethyl mowa, pamene, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza ubongo wa hyperthyroidism adzakhala maulamuliro awiri okwera mtengo kwambiri. Zili ndi zigawo zina zambiri.