Katemera wa khansa: zizindikiro, masitepe, chithandizo, chithunzithunzi

Kawirikawiri zizindikiro za khansara yamapapu siziwonekera nthawi yomweyo. Pankhaniyi, malaise akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ena. Akapeza matenda ngati amenewa, dokotala ayenera kulemba bwinobwino. Kaya chithandizochi chidzapambana chimadalira zifukwa zambiri. Pewani kukula kwa mavuto aakulu kungakhale, ndikupempha thandizo kwa akatswiri. Nanga ndi chiani carcinoma?

Mfundo yaikulu

Khansa ya m'mimba ndi carcinoma. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi chiwopsezo mu dongosolo la kupuma. Chotupa choopsa chapachilendo m'mapapo kapena bronchi. Pakati pa zochitika zapachilengedwe, mapapo a mapapo amatha kukhala wachiwiri. Ndipo m'mayiko ena ndi onse oyamba.

Ngati dokotala sakulankhula ndi dokotala m'kupita kwanthaŵi, matendawa angayambitse chitukuko cha njira zosasinthika. Zikatero, matendawa amatha kufa. Monga momwe ziwerengero zimasonyezera, kufa chifukwa cha mapapu carcinoma ali ndi matenda aakulu a khansa.

Kagulu kakang'ono ka mapapo a carcinoma

Uwu ndiwo mtundu umodzi wa khansara ya dongosolo la kupuma. Malinga ndi chiwerengero, chotupa chachikulucho chimatenga 1/5 chabe ya chiwerengero cha matenda opatsirana. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amatchedwa carcinoma ya m'mapapo.

Mtundu uwu wa khansara nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa wodwala ndi kuchedwa, chifukwa matenda oterewa alibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Komabe, chitukuko cha matendawa chimadziwika ndi njira yofulumira, komanso maonekedwe a metastases.

Mtundu wachiwiri

Mtundu wachiwiri umatchedwa kuti si-yaying'ono cell carcinoma. Pankhaniyi, matendawa ali ndi subspecies angapo. Zotsatira zawo zimadalira matenda omwe adakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Panthawiyi, dziwani kuti matenda awa ndi awa:

1. Mphungu ya adenocarcinoma ndi nthenda yopweteketsa yomwe imakhudza makamaka maselo omwe akuphatikizapo kupanga ntchentche. Khansara yamapapu imeneyi, malinga ndi ziwerengero, imakhala yachiwiri.
2. Khungu lalikulu la mapapo a carcinoma. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Chotupa chophweteka chimapangidwa m'magawo a epithelium omwe sali ovunda. Kawirikawiri, malo oyamba omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana ndi ameneŵa amadziwikiratu kwa wodwalayo.
3. Carcinoma yochuluka - nthenda yamakono imangokhala ndi ziphuphu zokhazokha. Kukula kwa khansara kumayambira m'maselo otchedwa cambial. Pachifukwa ichi, chotupacho chikuwoneka ngati nthano ya imvi kapena imoto.
4. Squamous cell carcinoma ya khansa - khansa imayamba kukula m'maselo akugwera njira ya kupuma. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimafala kwambiri. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, matendawa amayamba poyamba.
5. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma - popanga chotupa pakadali pano, maselo omwe amapanga ntchentche akuphatikizidwa, kuphatikizapo omwe sakuwasunga. Ntchito yofalitsa imateteza mawonekedwe a alveoli, popanda kuwononga mapulani a mapapo.

Chifukwa chachikulu cha chitukuko cha matendawa

Khansa ya m'mimba ndi carcinoma, zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko si zonse. Kafufuzidwe kameneka kachitidwe kawunikira kanapangitsa kutsimikizira kuti pali mgwirizano wotsimikizika pakati pa kuyamba kwa matenda ndi chikoka cha zinthu zina. Chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta fodya. Pambuyo pofufuta utsi, wodwalayo amachititsa thupi lake kukhala ndi khansa 60, pakati pake:

• Benzopyrene;
• Ma radioisotopes a radon;
• Nitrosamine.

Chigawo chachikulu ndi chikonga. Izi zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda ambiri m'thupi la munthu. Pankhaniyi, chikonga ndi amene amayambitsa ziwalo zoopsa. Ndipotu, mankhwalawa amatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Anthu 10 pa anthu 100 alionse amene amadwala matenda a mapapu, amayamba kusuta fodya.

Anthu omwe amadziona kuti ndi okonzeka kumawononga anthu omwe amawazungulira. Monga momwe kafukufuku wasonyezera, utsi umene umatuluka m'mapapo mu kusuta ndi woopsa kwambiri kuposa umene umatulutsa wosuta. Lili ndi zigawo zambiri zovulaza. Anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi munthu amene amasuta amayamba kusuta fodya.

Kuwonongeka kwa fodya kumadalira kukula kwa kusuta, komanso kutalika kwa utumiki. Amene sangathe kuchotsa zizolowezi zoipa ndi utsi kwa zaka zoposa 2 ali pangozi. Komanso, zimadalira kuti munthu amafunika fodya tsiku lililonse. Ngati munthu amakana fodya, ndiye kuti kubwezeretsa mapapu kumayambira.

Zina

Carcinoma yamapapu ikhoza kukulirakulira osati chifukwa cha kusuta. Palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Fumbi. Mitundu yake, kugunda kudzera mumlengalenga, imatha kuyambitsa khansa. Pankhani iyi, kukula kwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono n'kofunikanso. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tingathe kulowa mkati mwa minofu.
2. Mavairasi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo. Zimayambitsa ndondomeko ya kusagwirizana kwa maselo osasamalidwa. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyeneranso kunyamula: papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus.
3. Radoni. Pa kuwonongeka kwa uranium, radium radiactive imamasulidwa. Zonsezi ndizoopsa kwambiri. Komabe, pamapeto a radium, radon amapangidwa. Mpweya uwu ukhoza kumasulidwa kuchokera ku zigawo za dziko lapansi. Zonse zimadalira mtundu wa mtunduwo. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa amatha kupeza zinthu zina, makoma a nyumba. Mpweyawu ukhoza kuyambitsa kukula kwa mapapo a carcinoma.
4. Asbesitosi ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa chitukuko cha zamoyo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa

Kodi carcinoma ya m'mapapo imasonyeza bwanji? Zizindikiro za matendawa siziwoneka kwa nthawi yaitali. Kawirikawiri, zikhalidwe ndi zotsatirazi zikuyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda:

• Kutaya chidziwitso;
• Mutu ndi chizungulire;
• Mavuto ndi masomphenya;
• Kuwoneka ndi matenda opatsirana a dongosolo la kupuma;
• Kufiira m'mapapo;
• Kukhalapo kwa sputum, kukhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, komanso kukhala ndi mitsempha ya magazi;
• Dyspnea, yomwe ingachuluke ndi katundu wowonjezereka;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha popanda chifukwa;
• Kuunjika kwa zala;
• Ululu pa mapewa;
• Kutaya thupi ndi kusowa kwa njala;
• Chosavuta;
• Ululu m'chifuwa, kuwonjezeka ndi mpweya waukulu.

Ndipo ngakhale pokhalapo ndi zizindikiro zotere za matendawa, mukhoza kudumpha masewera ake oyambirira. Ndipotu matenda ambiri a m'mapapo ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Kuchotseratu nthendayi yoopsa kungakhale payambe yoyamba.

Zizindikiro za magawo ena a khansa

Ngati mapapu a carpoma amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti wodwalayo akhoza kuvutika ndi zizindikiro zina, kuphatikizapo:

• Ululu m'mapfupa;
• Mitsempha yowonjezereka;
• Icterus sclera, komanso khungu.

Zotsatira za matendawa

Kuopsa kwa matendawa ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwa matendawa osati m'mapapo okha, komanso m'matumbo ndi ziwalo zina. Panthawiyi, madokotala amatcha madigiri 4 a matendawa:

1. Gawo loyamba. Chotupachi sichimakhudza minofu yomwe ili mbali imodzi, ndipo ili ndi malo omveka bwino. Kukula kwa chotupa sikudutsa masentimita atatu.Carcinoma imakhudza gawo limodzi lokha la bronchus kapena mapapo.
2. Gawo lachiwiri. Chotupacho chimafalikira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 6. M'magulu a mitsempha, yomwe ili pambali, pali metastases imodzi.
3. Gawo lachitatu. Panthawiyi, njira yokhala ndi matendawa imakhudza osati maselo okhaokha, komanso ziwalo zotsatizana ndi ziphuphu: pleura, mafupa, zotengera. Pankhaniyi, kukula kwatsopano kukuposa 6 cm ndipo kumadutsa malire a gawo limodzi.
4. Kodi carcinoma ya m'mapapo imawonetseredwa bwanji pakadali pano? Gawo 4 liri ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri, wodwala sangathe kuthandizira, popeza chotupacho sichiposa zowonjezera. Sikuti ndi malo okhawo, koma ndi amtastases akutali.

Njira zochizira

Poyambira wodwala ayenera kuyankhula ndi dokotala yemwe atachita kafukufuku mosamala adzaika mayeso ena. Pakali pano, pali njira zambiri zodziwira mapapu a carcinoma. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Bronchoscopy;
• Kufufuza X-ray;
• Biopsy;
• Zolemba zamoyo;
• Kuyeza kwa ultrasound.

Njira iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zake. Amaloledwanso kuzindikira kuti pali matenda omwe alipo pachiyambi pa chitukuko. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutembenukira kwa katswiri nthawi.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza

Kodi carcinoma yamapapo imachiritsidwa bwanji? Chithandizo chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga. Apo ayi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amangowonjezeka. Choncho, njira yofunikira kwambiri ya mankhwala ndi opaleshoni yopititsa patsogolo. Ngati mkhalidwewo umaloleza, chotsani osati chotupa chokha, komanso gwiritsani ntchito mitsempha yam'mimba ndi minofu yomwe ili mbali imodzi.

Ngati sikutheka kuchita opaleshoni, njira zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Ngati mphindiyo iphonya, ndipo masiteji akutali amaonekera, ndiye njira zoterezi zimatayidwa.

Kodi mankhwala opangidwa ndi chemotherapy ndi ma radiation amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Kusankha njira ya mankhwala kumadalira pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo siteji ya mapapu carcinoma. Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndi chemotherapy kwa wodwala aliyense payekha. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi mtundu wa khansara yomwe yapezeka mwa wodwalayo. Mankhwalawa akhoza kusintha kwambiri mkhalidwe wa wodwala, pamene akuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupacho. Mwamwayi, njira iyi, mwatsoka, siyilola kuchotsa kwathunthu munthu wodwalayo.

Chemotherapy kawirikawiri imachitidwa kukonzekera munthu opaleshoni. Ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti iwononge maselo omwe akukhudzidwa, zomwe zingayambitse carcinoma. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwala ena amachitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe, komanso kuti apitirize kukhala moyo wa munthu.

Mankhwalawa amachitanso chimodzimodzi.

Carcinoma ya m'mapapo: kufotokozera

Ngati wodwalayo sakufuna thandizo loyenerera mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, mwayi wochira umachepa kwambiri. Monga momwe ziwerengero zimasonyezera, mu 9 0% ya milandu zotsatira zowonongeka zimachitika.

Ngati opaleshoni ya opaleshoni inkachitika panthaŵi yake, ndipo zotsatira za radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy zinali zowonongeka, odwala 70% adzakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi zisanu.

Thandizo lochirikiza

Pali zochitika pamene wodwala sayenera kudziwika ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi opaleshoni. Ndiye chithandizo chapadera chimasankhidwa, chomwe chingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri chikhalidwe chake, komanso chiteteze moyo. Zochitika zoterezi sizodziwika kwambiri pozindikira kuti mapeto a mapapo a carcinoma ndi otsiriza. Zikatero, wodwala akhoza kugwira, mwa kusankha yekha, njira zonsezi:

• Thandizo la maganizo;
• Mpumulo wa zizindikiro;
• Kuika magazi;
• Chithunzi;
• Kuchotsedwa.

Kupewa matenda

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha mapapu, ndibwino kuchepetseratu anthu onse odwala matenda a khansa, nthawi zambiri momwe mungatetezere chipindacho, mukamayeretsa mvula. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kusuta fodya. Ngati mumagwira ntchito pamalonda omwe fumbi likuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi iyenera kutayidwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chodalirika.

Kuti adziwe kukula kwa kayendetsedwe kake koyambirira, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kamodzi pachaka kuti azikhala ndi fluorography.