Kaperekedwe Trans-Siberia sitima chiyembekezo chitukuko

Trans-Siberia Railway - ndi sitima chodabwitsa ndi kusakwiya yaitali padziko lonse. Iwo ali chiyambi chake mu gawo European la Russia ndi umadutsa chilengedwe chokongola ku Far East. Ngakhale nyumba yokongola ya manja a anthu, mosadziwa anapempha funso monga anaonekera nthawi yaitali bwanji anathera pa ntchito yomanga "zodabwitsa sitima dziko"?

Mbiri ya nyumba

Ndithu nthawi yambiri anathera pa pomanga Trans-Siberia Railway. History ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mzere lodabwitsali mbali ya chikhalidwe Russian. Msewu inamangidwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Kuyambira pamene woyendetsa Nevel pakamwa wa Amur Mtsinje anakweza mbendera Russian, pa milomo aliyense anali pomanga Trans-Siberia Railway.

ziyembekezo chitukuko akhala kopambana. Kunali koyenera mwamtheradi kuti interconnect ndi expanses lalikulu la Russia. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndondomekoyi inapita patsogolo malonda, pamene iwo anayamba kufunsa mfumu iye. 1886 anali okulira: Alexander III anapereka lamulo, nayamba nthawi yaitali ntchitoyo.

The mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa loyamba zokumbira anafika Miass m'deralo. Kunanenedwa kuti Ural amayenera kukhala mayi wa njanji lapansi.

mfumu kanthu

maziko adayikapo unsembe mwachilungamo wapadera - Tsarevich Nikolay anatsanulira ochepa padziko m'njira atsopano njanji. Zinali March 31 imatengedwa nduna tsiku ntchito woyamba. Kale nthawi kuti kufunika limasonyeza zoyendera chawonjezeka zodabwitsa.

Pakati pa zatsopano Russian nthaka ndi Moscow anali mazana makilomita, ndi anthu mu Urals kuchuluka kwa mamiliyoni atatu. Boma ankadziwa kuti kumangofuna zikuluzikulu njanji kuti akule bwino kulankhulana zoyendera.

The chiyembekezo chachikulu pa njanji

Ziyembekezo pomanga Trans-Siberia Railway anali yaikulu kwambiri. Kuchitsatira, Alexander III anathamangitsa chabe cholinga zachuma. njira zake, iye akufuna kukwaniritsa analamula mofulumira asilikali kwa Pacific Ocean. Koma izo zinali chabe cholinga mumtima.

Mkubwela kwa nsalu adzachulukitsa kwambiri kumapangitsanso malo chuma dziko. Russia anatha kuonjezera kukopa kwake mu Mongolia ndi China. Onse patsogolo pa liwiro labwino: mu 1886 msewu wafika Ufa, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu - Chrysostom. Koma mwatsoka sikuti zonse yosalala ngati mwina wolakalakika.

Mavuto ndi kukayikira

Ngati njira inkadutsa woyamba ndi lathyathyathya steppe, tsopano anayamba zithaphwi, mapiri ndi milu waukulu wa miyala. zinali zokhumudwitsa Koma mfumu si mantha. Iye anaumirirabe ndipo sakadalola kuti afikire kwa zokopa aliyense, chigamulo anatengedwa - msewu adzakhala.
Mwamwayi, thandizo lalikulu anali nduna Chief wa Finance iye, amene anali olimba ndi okhazikika kukhulupirira kuti ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha njanji Trans-Siberia adzakhala kulipidwa kuti muzichita.

mavuto sitima yomanga

Zomangamanga kale kunakopa ndipo mu 1891 pa sitima wotchedwa "Petersburg" njanji woyamba ambiri. Koma sanali kokha katundu ... Mu Vladivostok anabweretsa akaidi makumi asanu ndi akatswiri. Kuti amayembekezeka kukhala omanga loyamba mu ntchito odzitukumula. Ambiri akuganiza kuti zina zokhumudwitsa m'mbiri ya nyumba anali atabisala. Ntchito ikuchitika zinthu zitavuta, chinsalu amodzi yomweyo anamanga kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.

Ndi nkhanza wopanda chifundo nyengo ambiri disabling ndi mmene chimasokoneza loboti. Inali ntchito amazipanga mwakhama, osati onse anali ... An kuchepa wokonda ndalama, womwe ndi ndalama zomangira nyumba, kwambiri zimawonjezera vutoli.

Vuto linali lakuti poyamba allocated yomanga rubles mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu miliyoni, koma miyezi ingapo zinaonekeratu kuti ndalama ndi zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Palibe anakhulupirira kuti ndalama zimenezi kungakhale kotheka chiyembekezo chilichonse cha njanji Trans-Siberia. Mwachidule mukuti - anayamba austerity: utachepa chitunda adzafupikitsidwa sleepers, milatho zinamangidwa nkhuni, umene unali yowopsa kwambiri.

Izi zilili sanathe koma kuganizira chiwerengero cha okwerera - anakhala ndendende kawiri zing'onozing'ono kuposa poyamba anakonza. Zinali ikulongosola weniweni wa Trans-Siberia Railway. ziyembekezo Development anali duwa Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti padzakhala mavuto aakulu.

mbali ntchito

Ndipo ndithudi, panali anthu ogwira ntchito popanda vuto. Pantchitoyo pa ndondomeko ya ntchito, nthawi zonse, panali anthu pafupifupi zikwi zana limodzi. Ena mwa iwo anali onse m'deralo ndi alendowo.
Iwo onse anafuna kudya, kumwa, iwo ankayenera kuti chinachake kuvala. Zida molimba ananyamula kutali. Highway kwathunthu kunapangitsa ndi dzanja. Bwerani ku malo a atolankhani Makina anadabwa kwambiri ndi zimene anaona: ataima m'chiuno akuya mu chisanu matope, anthu tsiku lonse akuigwiritsa wandiweyani nayonso. Iwo maola khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi tsiku kavalidwe kuwala ndi nsapato udzu achotsa mizu ndi stumps.

Trans-Siberia Railway: zam'tsogolo

Ambiri, pa twente-faifi zikwi anthu osati kokha thanzi lawo, koma moyo pa ntchito yomanga Chodabwitsa chitatu ya dziko. Kugonja zotsatira chuma, akuluakulu a boma adawomba bajeti ya njanji - miliyoni ndi theka rubles golide. Posacedwapa izo zakonzedwa kumangidwanso, umene anthu ambiri amaona kuti kukhudzanso pa bajeti boma.
Akamaliza kumanga mlatho anali pafupi Khabarovsk. Linamangidwa pa mtsinje Amur. Angamvetse izi ndani kuti pambuyo pa zonse padzakhala Trans-Siberia Railway. Ziyembekezo za chitukuko ndi njira kusintha Mwachangu wa njanji pansi kulingalira udakali lero. Iye anali ndi adani ambiri ndi adani amene moona mtima sindikumvetsa chifukwa ife aganyali kwambiri ndalama pagulu ntchito imeneyi amati n'ngwokayikitsa, komabe awonongedwa posachedwapa adzakhala zayamba anakongoletsa.

Mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha Trans-Siberia Railway

Pakali pano, ntchito yaikulu ya sitima za - mayendedwe a cargoes. Popanda Siberia konse kukwaniritsa motere chitukuko. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mtsinje Trans-Siberia kuti kwenikweni anatsanulira mafuta ndi tirigu. Lero, ambiri athe kuwunika kufunika zachuma ndi njira za njanji. Ntchito kuti kuchigawo chapakati cha dziko kungakhale mtengo kwambiri kuposa ena modes ano zoyendera.

Mwatsoka, chaka chilichonse mungathe kuwona momwe mphamvu zomangamanga ake yafupika. Zimaonekeratu kuti sitima ayenera kukonzanso yokulirapo. Mkubwela zamakono kuti sizikuwoneka vuto, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti zinakhalako m'zaka za m'ma XIX ndi shabby ndithu. Kodi tsogolo la Trans-Siberia Railway? ziyembekezo Development ali makamaka okha kukhazikitsa ntchito zomangamanga angapo ku Asia ndi ku Eastern Siberia.
Izi ndi malingaliro mwachilungamo chilengedwe kuti amapezeka makampani mulibe ndalama zokwanira, chifukwa zokhudzana ndi mavuto ena ndalama. Komabe, lili ndi ubwino wake. Ngati boma thandizo polojekiti adzathetsedwa moyo, adzalenga ambiri ntchito ndipo chotero, ndi amachotsera msonkho kwa bajeti boma. Zinali mozama mapangidwe a pa Trans-Siberia Railway. Ziyembekezo za chitukuko ndi zazikulu, koma iwo adzakwaniritsidwadi?