Black Lachiwiri. Kwakukulu kugwa kwa ruble ndi dola 11 October 1994

Kuyang'ana kudumpha ndi zonse za ruble poyerekezera ndi ndalama zakunja, anthu ambiri kuiwala kuti zinthu zofanana kale anakumana nazo. Ngakhale mayiko chilengedwe khola zachuma kuthana ndi mavuto ndi chifooke ndalama dziko. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi States, omwe si anapanga amphamvu chuma ndipo palibe mfundo woyenera wa boma kupewa kugwa mwina ndalama ndi kuwonongedwa zotsatira za ngozi zimenezi.

mumaganiza Recent mu chuma dziko zimasonyeza kuti Russia ndi zofunika kopambana kusintha vekitala cha ntchito zake zachuma. Protracted mavuto ndalama chaka chatha, wokondwa kwambiri lalikulu nzika iliyonse ya dziko kuposa yochepa kugwa ruble mu 1994, amene chuma komanso atolankhani chinapangitsa amatchedwa "wakuda Lachiwiri". Kodi chinachitika komanso mmene kupewa mavuto ofanana m'tsogolo?

The kusinthitsa ndalama dollar - zimenezi n'zofunika?

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama za mayiko zinthu zina zazikulu za citukuko, komanso andale, mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo - kumasonyeza ake. Ngakhale khobidi pa kusiyana koyamba kuchita zingachititse kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha ndalama boma, ndipo osanenapo madontho yaikulu.

Ngakhale kusinthasintha chabe osunga ndalama ndi chuma onani mu ndalama msika, nyamuka mofulumira ndi kugwa simungathandize koma ganizirani nzika wamba. Ndipo chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti zoterezi anthu chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mantha. Pofuna kugulitsa mwamsanga desheveyuschuyu ndalama zakunja kapena mosinthanitsa, kugula zambiri zikusowa chofunika, anthu kwambiri kukulitsa nkhaniyo. Black Lachiwiri mu 1994 anasonyeza mantha pa anthu a. Onse anathamangira ku maudindo kuwombola ndi mabanki, kuposa kuti kukanachititsa kwambiri kuli chuma cha charo kukhonda boma amachita zinthu mopanda kwambiri.

Mbiri ya ruble ukugwa

Pa yochepa mapangidwe la Russia boma dziko zimayenera kudutsa mavuto angapo ndalama ndipo ngakhale ofikira. Black Lachiwiri mu 1994 - ndi chitsanzo wotchuka kwambiri, koma yoyamba ena ndalama national n'kugwa. Nthawi yoyamba kuwonongeka ruble chinachitika pa chiyambi cha mapangidwe boma mu 1992. Pa nthawi imeneyo mu Mphamvu anali ndi zochitika amazipanga mavuto a zachuma amene zathandizira kuti zoterezi zomvetsa chisoni Russia ndi anthu ake onse. Ambiri, akatswiri apeza zotsatira nthawi zoipa:

• September 26, 1992. The ruble anataya 35,5 mayunitsi (mtengo choyambirira - 205,5 rubles).
• January 26, 1993. Latsopano "wakuda Lachiwiri" zinachitika Patadutsa miyezi inayi ndipo zinachititsa kuti depreciation ya ndalama za mayiko 75 rubles (monga mmene 15%).
• Mavuto latsopano sanapereke dziko nthawi kuti achire - February 2 njira ya mavocha waponya chaka chomwecho, akatswiri ambiri aona kuti n'zothandiza kuti anthu ena mu zida boma. Iwo ankanena kuti nthawi kuti panali kugwa momasuka kuwala yobereka.
• October 11, 1994. Dziko akudwala ulova, umphawi ndi zoopsa otsika muyezo wa moyo, izo wakhala kwambiri wotchuka wakuda Lachiwiri.
• Zotsatirazi kugwa boma akhadikhira zaka 4. M'chaka cha 1998, ndalama zakunja chinawonjezeka ndi 10%.
• zaka 10 pambuyo pake, September 16, 2008, achezera mavuto padziko lonse zakhudza Russia. Anayamba kutsitsimutsa chuma dongosolo banki, izo bwinobwino kuti aone durability.
• Atsopano pa nthawiyo, koma palibe zofunika zochepa kugwa kwakukulu kwa ruble mu 2014 (16 December). zotsatira zake ndi ankaona lero. Bwererani mlingo kuti ntchito zakale sikutheka kwa olamulira, ngakhale zolosera ndi malonjezo.

Black tsiku pa kalendala - kugwa kapena chiyambi cha moyo watsopano?

media Western ikutchedwa Black Friday October 25, 1929. Chochitika ichi chinali chiyambi cha Wamkulu Depression mu United States. Zosaneneka mwakuya mavuto mu Amereka osati kukhala chifukwa kuwonongeka kapena umphawi ena zigawo za anthu, komanso chifukwa stagnation kwambiri chuma. Anthu kwenikweni adzasiyidwa kanthu, ulova ndi njala chikwiyire kudzipha misa ndi upandu kuchuluka.

Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu anakakamizika kanthu, ife anakwanitsa kugonjetsa yaitali kwambiri mavuto ndi kubweretsa dziko mwa impasse lapansi. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti popanda zochitika zomvetsa chisoni kwa United States sukanakhoza mu zaka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zimene anapanga dziko mmodzi wa atsogoleri m'dziko mawu a moyo ndi umoyo wa nzika.

Kodi chinachitika pa October 11?

Black Lachiwiri mu 1994 chimodzi cha kwambiri ndi zikuluzikulu zochitika m'mbiri ya chuma Russia. Pa tsiku limenelo, October 11, 1994, ankagwira ruble pa malonda interbank anatsika mofulumira. Wosakhazikika ndipo nthawi desheveyuschaya ndalama Amalawi tsiku limodzi lokha anakomoka. The ruble ndi dollar zasintha kuchokera 3081 mpaka 3926 rubles.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwambo umenewu zinachitika mosayembekezereka. Ndipo basi mwadzidzidzi zinthu ali okhazikika, ndi ruble ngakhale waife malo angapo poyerekeza ndi kudwala-fated Lachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri, mu mwambo masoka olamulira anatani wokongola ofooka, akuluakulu kawirikawiri kutenga udindo pa zimene zinachitika. Koma kuti Black Lachiwiri mu 1994 kwakukulukulu anali kusasamala ndi chosalanga ena mayiko, anakakamizika boma kukhwimitsa kwambiri.

Armchairs ndiye anazandima pansi ambiri anachotsedwa ntchito mutu wa ku Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko ndi ndiye mutu wa Unduna wa Zachuma Sergei Dubinin. kuchita zimenezi pa mbali ya boma linali m'malo woonekeratu ndipo zimasonyeza, ndipo ankagwira ntchito njira kuletsa zilakolako akutulukira anthu.

umboni katswiri

Malingana ndi lipoti la boma, limene lidaperekedwa kwa akatswiri apadera ku minda ya chuma ndi ndalama, chifukwa kuti ruble ndi dollar anavutika kusintha kumeneku kwambiri, ndi kutali osati mu mbali yabwino, zinali wosadziŵa ndi uncoordinated zochita za akuluakulu. Ambiri panthawiyo anali kukhulupirira kuti zinthu wakhala anakonza ndipo mothandizidwa ndi okhudzidwa ndi. Kumlingo, chiphunzitso chimenechi chinatsimikizira kuti mofulumira kwambiri anakwanitsa ziziyenda. Koma zotsatira za kugwa asiye mwamsanga, tsoka, analephera.

The mantha pa anthu a

Choyamba, mu 1994 mu Russia, kumene, Ine ndikukumbukira wakuda Lachiwiri, koma nayenso anakhala chosaiwalika ndi zinasintha, pamene boma anatha m'mbuyo kufufuma, chifukwa mgwirizano pakati pa nthumwi za Boma zingapo kiyi zachuma: zitsulo, malasha, mafuta. Komanso makampani ali zii mitengo ya katundu wawo.

Zimene zinachitika kwa October 11 yogulitsa ndi ritelo unyolo kwambiri anakweza mtengo wa katundu. Ndipo ngakhale mlingo msanga anabwerera ku misinkhu yapita, mtengo wa zikuluzikulu chakudya, zovala ndi zinthu zina zotchuka si amagwa milingo m'mbuyomu. Chinanso nkhawa anthu kuti tisinthe wotuluka ndalama ndi kumangitsa kulamulira kufalitsa ndalama zakunja kudutsa dziko, ndipo zinachititsa kuti ndalama kawirikawiri chabe.

Kugwa kwa dongosolo banki

Magwero a Institute of dongosolo banki wayamba kokha mu nineties lapansi. Large mabungwe ndalama ndi katundu yokulirapo anali mokwanira yaing'ono. Kodi tinganene chiyani za mabanki, amene nkhokwe chachikulu chosinthanitsa yachilendo zinalengedwa. Mu masiku ochepa kugwa kwa mtengo ndalama mtundu wa anthu linasiiratu yonena awo. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi zinali ndendende wakuda Lachiwiri. Dola wakhala kale njira chachikulu kasungidwe ndalama laumwini la anthu ambiri.

Mu ovuta ano, pamene mlingo ndi osakhazikika, anthu amamuchititsa kugulanso mmene ndalama zakunja ngati n'kotheka, zomwe ndi zimene zinachitika mu 1994. Sikuti m'mavuto aakulu ndi mwachindunji ndi yochepa, ndipo ndi zotsatira yaitali. mabanki ambiri ayesa nkhokwe zawo, analephera kulipira depositors chidwi ndi nthawi yoti abwererenso ngongole kwa anthu. Ena zinatha.

Kodi ndalama kusunga ndalama?

Kuyambira masiku a 90s anthu ntchito kudalira ndalama zakunja kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ruble anakhalabe mwachilungamo khola. Palibe presaged kusintha kwakukulu chuma ndi gawo la ndalama, koma popeza mapeto a 2014, ruble kachiwiri kuswa antirecord onse. Pakuti yochepa (zaka zoposa chimodzi ndi theka) anataya oposa theka kufunika kwake. Pamene ambiri zochitika izi funso mmene ndalama ndi katundu wawo yense anawonongeka.

Anakumana osintha ndalama amavomereza kuti izi kanthu dziko ndi wolimba mwamtheradi ndi odalirika. mitengo kuwombola okhonda makamaka. Iwo akulangizidwa kuti musayanjane ndalama zonse ndalama imodzi. Best kugula osiyana, koma pa mndandanda wa khola kwambiri ndipo zingamuthandize. Izi zidzathandiza ngati mulibe kuchulukitsa chuma, kapena nauyang'anire.

Kodi Russia inshuwaransi ndi zotsatira za kugwa kwa ruble chiyani?

Mwatsoka, Black Lachiwiri mu Russia kuti sizichitika nthawi, koma ndi zonse enviable. Zonse ndalama n'kugwa akhala gawo la Nkhani zakale za dziko. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse, anthu onse amene akuvutika. chifooke aliyense amene amadza ruble kusinthitsa ndalama ndi pa moyo wa nzika, pamene mabanki ndi akuluakulu kusamalira kupeza mabiliyoni pa wotuluka ndalama zakunja.

miyezi posachedwapa, banki chapakati evinces chidaliro kuti vuto kugwa yotsatira ruble anapeza ziziyenda, koma zionetsero za ndalama zakunja borrowers, kukwera mitengo ndi impoverishment yofunika kwambiri zigawo osachepera kutetezedwa kwa anthu sizigwirizana ndi maganizo amenewa chidaliro akuluakulu.