Chelyabinsk: chiwerengero ndi makhalidwe a anthu

Chelyabinsk - mitima ya Europe ndi ku Asia. mzinda uno mafakitale odziwika zina. Tsopano, mwinamwake, si mu nthawi yake yabwino, koma ndi osangalatsa anthu ndiponso mbiri yake. Tiuzeni zomwe anthu mu Chelyabinsk, zomwe n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri anthu awa ndi mzinda.

History of kuthetsa

Chelyabinsk mbiri yake kunayamba 1736, pamene m'malo a m'mudzi Bashkir chinaikidwa linga kuteteza msewu kuchokera Trans-Urals kuti Orenburg. Pang'onopang'ono, kulinga anakhala pakati lalikulu lankhondo pano kuthetsa Cossacks, amene kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa m'dzikolo. Makamaka mu 1812 nkhondo Chelyabinsk Cossacks anasonyeza ungwazi ndithu. M'zaka za m'ma 19 mzinda amakhala chete moyo wa chigawocho lapansi. Izi chinakhalapo mpaka mpaka pafupi tawuni sanapezenso golide mwankhanza mtsempha. Izi zinayambitsa lenileni "golide liwiro" ndipo zinachititsa waukulu mzinda mtsinje wa anthu watsopano.

Pang'onopang'ono, Chelyabinsk, amene chiwerengero ikukula likunena, kukhala malo zachuma derali. Izi kungathandize njanji, mzinda anatsegula manufactory ndi malonda nyumba. chiwerengero cha anthu ikukula mofulumira. Lachiwiri monga chipwirikiti nthawi mu moyo wa mzinda zinachitika mu 40s, pamene lidzatsegulidwa ochepa lalikulu mabungwe ang'onoang'ono mafakitale. Mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, mzinda lichitidwa modernized, chinatseguka pano masukulu angapo. Pakutha m'nthawi ya Soviet Union Chelyabinsk opangidwa oposa theka la zitsulo mu dziko, zambiri mapaipi ndi magalimoto pamsewu. Perestroika nyengo kwachititsa chakuti mbali ya ulimi anagwa, koma ndi 2000, zinthu pang'ono ndi pang'ono kupeza bwino.

Nyengo ndi chilengedwe

mzinda wa Chelyabinsk, kukula kwa amene tikukambiranawa, ndi m'dera la nyengo chokhala. Iwo amakhala ndi yozizira ndi yotentha. Wapakati yozizira thermometer ikagwa madigiri opanda 17, ndipo anakweza kuti +16 m'chilimwe. mzindawo wagwa mvula zolimbitsa, nyengo ndi omasuka ndithu kwa moyo.

Koma zachilengedwe a mzinda masamba kwambiri wolakalakika. A ambiri mwa makampani mafakitale kwambiri zodetsa mpweya. Chelyabinsk lililonse mbali ya malo - izo ndi kusuta chitoliro. zinthu zachilengedwe zimayambitsa chiwerengero mwachilungamo lalikulu la matenda osiyana anthu, ndi moyo amayembekezeka zochepa poyerekezera ndi dziko (zaka 70).

mphamvu anthu

Pafupifupi maziko ake kwambiri Chelyabinsk, anthu amene anali masamu nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse zagonjetsedwa kwa nzika ya kalembera wa. Mu 1795 munkakhala 2.6 zikwi. Man. Mu 1882, panali 7,7 zikwi Chelyabinsk, ndipo patapita zaka 15 -. Pafupifupi 15 chikwi. Ndi 1905 anthu a mumzindawo ali kawiri, ngakhale kuti papita zaka 10 anafika chithunzi cha 67,3 zikwi. Mu 1939, chifukwa cha mafakitale, mzinda anakula anthu 273 sauzande. Mu 1976, Chelyabinsk anali mwa mizinda. Pa perestroika nthawi panali kuchepa pang'ono chiwerengero cha Chelyabinsk, koma sikuti ali angaimbidwenso mofulumira. Mu 1994, Chelyabinsk, amene anthu anayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, unali ndi anthu miliyoni 1,15. Zomwe zinachitika wina kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nzika anali mayina nthawi kuchokera 2002 kuti 2007. Posachedwapa, anthu pafupifupi 10 zikwi chaka akuwonjezeka mu Chelyabinsk. Pakuti 2016 mu mzinda ndi kunyumba miliyoni 1,19 Chelyabinsk.

chiwerengero

Chelyabinsk, kuchuluka ndi osalimba anthu ndi yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo, ndi pakati zachuma ndi mafakitale wa Urals District. Pano pa kilometre lalikulu ndi anthu oposa 2.2 sauzande, amene angafanane ndi mizinda ngati Omsk ndi Kazan. Kugonana kugawa pakati pa anthu a mumzinda limafanana ndi magawo onse Russian: 1, amuna nkhani mkazi 1.1. Kuyambira 2011 Chelyabinsk ndi umodzi mwa mizinda, pamene mlingo kubadwa patsogolo (ngakhale pang'ono chabe) imfa. kuchuluka kwa anthu zimagwiritsa osamukawo kubwera kuno chaka chilichonse anthu pafupifupi 2.5 zikwi m'madera ena. Komabe, pamene pali vuto la anthu okalamba ndi zaziwerengero katundu pa anthu ntchito zaka si mkulu.

Economy ndi ntchito

Chelyabinsk, nambala amakampani mafakitale omwe amapereka mtendere wa chuma, lero umabala 60% nthaka Russian, 40% ya mipope ndi 6% ya zitsulo-mpukutuwo. Khola ntchito amakampani monga zitsulo, thalakitala, atolankhani-kulipira zomera, zomera zingapo zomangamanga, ambiri opanga ndi chakudya muzochitika kulola ntchito ndi mkulu. Ulova Chelyabinsk ndi 2%. Apa pali kuchepa kwa wantchito kwa akatswiri ndi maphunziro apamwamba, koma kwa akuluakulu a ntchito zamanja pali nthawi zonse zoti tisankhepo.

Loyang'anira gulu la mzinda ndi anthu yogawa

Chelyabinsk, anthu amene m'dera zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, lagawidwa m'zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri utsogoleri. M'dera wamkulu ndi yokhoza - Central. Choncho, kamodzi ine ndinapita ku mbiriyakale ya kuthetsa. Iye amanga nyumba zopanda kamangidwe, aikidwa pa zinthu zazikulu za zomangamanga chikhalidwe kusangalala. Mbali imeneyi ya mudzi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri ndi nyumba pano ndi mtengo kwambiri. mabizinezi Large anapatsidwa dzina la mayunitsi awiri utsogoleri: Trubozavodskomu ndi malo zitsulo. Nyumba lililonse ndipo si choncho latsopano. Soviet m'dera chachiwiri zapamwamba pambuyo pakati. Pali zomangamanga wabwino, ndipo anthu kachulukidwe si mkulu.

Chiwerengero cha madera a mumzinda wa Chelyabinsk otsatirawa:

• Kalinin - 222.011.
• Kurchatov - 219.883.
• Leninsky - 190.541.
• Zitsulo - 139 102.
• Soviet - 137.884.
• Traktorozavod - 182.689.
• Chapakati - 99.884.

m'mizinda yambiri tsopano mwachangu amamanga nyumba zitalizitali, kupewa ndi Chelyabinsk. Population mwa zigawo lero zosiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha kubwera kwa kumpanda latsopano. Kurchatov ndi Kalinin mayunitsi utsogoleri ndi kumanga yogwira. Mu nyumba yoyamba anamangidwira mmene mtengo pafupifupi, ndipo chachiwiri - masiku mtengo nyumba.