Kalonga wa Kiev ndi Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Izi aluntha, ndi kutali woona kalonga wa kulamulira mzera wa Rurik anasiya chizindikiro chachikulu mu mbiri ya Russia. Iye anatha kutembenukira ndi yeniyeni ukulu wamba mu kutukuka ukukula ndi dera, amene anayamba kusangalala ufulu waukulu yoyenda yokha. Komanso, iye anasonyeza nzeru amchigulu titatha kulandira mpando wachifumu mu Kiev. Koma ake phindu mbiri yakale chachikulu akhulupirire kuti Prince Rostislav Mstislavich kupewedwa ang'onoang'ono kugawikana, kuyesera kuchita malamulo a kuphatikiza ndi kuphatikiza a m'mayiko Russian. Nanga zinali moyo wake, ndi kupambana chimene chingasonyeze iye anakwaniritsa, pokhala mkulu wa Russia? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

Pedigree mzere

Rostislav Mstislavich mwachidule zimene zingakhale zosayenera kuti nkhani, anali wolamulira wachitatu wa Novgorod ana Mstislav Vladimirovich. Magwero ndi kosagwirizana pa funso la pamene iye anabadwa. Ambiri Chiwerengerochi mu 1100. m'bale Rostislav (Izyaslav) anabadwa zaka zingapo zapitazo (mu zaka 1097 kapena 1098). Mayi wa kazembe tsogolo la dera Smolensk - mwana wa Swedish mfumu Inge.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich analandira mu ulamuliro Smolensk pamene Iye adali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu zokha. Iye anabatizidwa mu ulemu wa Arhangela Mihaila, kotero mu Mpingo Orthodox kudziwika monga Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Zinali mu 1127 icho poyamba otchulidwa magwero. nyengo imeneyi ya m'mbiri Likutchulidwa makamaka chakuti mgwirizano asilikali Monomakhich encroached malire a ukulu wa Polotsk ndi Rostislav Mstislavich yekha anayenda mzinda Drutsk.

Pamene ndinalandira cholowa?

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati, ndi pamene mwana wa Mstislav Vladimirovich anayamba "kusamalira" nkhani ya Smolensk ukulu. Ena amanena kuti izo zinachitika mu 1125, ena - mu 1127. Amadziwika kuti Rostislav Mstislavich kwa 1132 mu Smolensk zolinga anali ngati bambo wake. Choncho iye anali ochuluka a "ulamuliro" wa ukulu Kiev. Mu 1132 Mstislav anafa, ndipo wolamulira wa Russia amakhala m'bale wake Jaropolk. Latsopano Prince wa Kiev amapereka udindo wa m'manja ukulu wa Smolensk. Jaropolk ndi ukulu ndi okonzeka kuthandiza kuwombola anthu msonkho ndi.

Njira ukulu kutukuka

Mu nthawi ya kuyambira azaka 30 mpaka 50 XII m'ma Rostislav Mstislavich kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti cholowa zopatsidwa kwa iye chasanduka mu amphamvu, wolemera ndi chuma yoyenda yokha. Ndipo iye Kodi savutika kuzindikira maloto awo.

Mwana woyamba Mstislava Velikogo kusandulika gawo zopatsidwa kwa iye mu ukulu ndi linadzatchedwa Smolensk akalonga. Komanso, dziko limene ambiri ndi mbali ya Mogilev, Pskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga ndi Moscow zigawo. Cha m'ma 30 ntchentche wa XII m'ma achoke Rostislav gawo akuthamanga m'mphepete mwa mtsinje Protva, ndicho asatayike Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Choncho, Smolensk ukulu ankakhala mu mzinda wa Lazaro maukulu, kotero kumuopseza kunja pafupifupi kanthu kwa iye. Choncho Rostislav Mstislavich, amene yonena amaphunzira ndi azambiriyakale si mapeto, anayesa kuti retinue Kalonga anagwirizana ndi zemshchina, amene unachita lalikulu pothetsa nkhani za ndale komanso.

chitukuko cha Planning Urban

Mpaka 1125 cholowa mwa mwana wake Mstislava Velikogo panali midzi itatu yokha: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (kalonga wa Smolensk) analamula kuti mzindawu Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, ndi kusintha pa nthawi mumzinda midzi monga Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

Achipembedzo dongosolo kutembenuka

Kuwonjezera mfundo m'tauni, kalonga ndi chinkhoswe mu kusintha kwa tanthauzo la chipembedzo. Iye deduces ku Smolensk ukulu Pereyaslavlskoy mabishopu ndi kutitengera ndi kudzikonda zili "wauzimu" chigawo.

Kuwatsogolera kukhulupirira Prince Bishop Manuel, ndipo patapita kanthawi zimamuthandiza chikalata amapereka mwayi yaikulu kwambiri mpingo. Diploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch analola Smolensk mabishopu analandira chakhumi cha ndalama ukulu wonse. Pambuyo Manuel anakhala mutu wa chigawocho, posakhalitsa opatulidwira ku Mfundo Cathedral ku Smolensk, amene mwana Mstislava Velikogo inamangidwa mu 1101.

Prince kunayambitsa angapo nyumba mwala tanthauzo achipembedzo amene anali ndi zachilendo kwenikweni kwa Smolensk.

mbiri

Start Smolensk Mbiri anaperekanso Rostislav Mstislavich. Mu maonekedwe ake woyambirira amafotokoza, mwatsoka, mpaka tsopano si zinasungidwa, koma njira ina nthawi chete chuma cha olemba mbiri amakono.

"Smolensk News" kufotokoza moyo mu ukulu 30 - 60 zaka za m'ma XII, unatengedwa ngati maziko kwa chilengedwe cha "The Mbiri ya Rostislavovich" (zaka 80 za m'ma XII), komanso Kiev (1200). Mu "The News", makamaka, izo anatchulidwa pa kukhazikitsidwa mu 1136 wa Smolensk chigawocho ndi chiyambi cha zomangamanga mwala. Kuti 1136 akuti ndi chiyambi cha mbiri kudera Smolensk.

Kupanga Madera

Pamene Rostislav Mstislavich adamulowetsa monga ndondomeko kupanga magulu. Urban osankhika Smolensk akuyamba zinzawozo koposa zofuna zawo zandale komanso kuumiriza anthu kuchita zofuna zake wapamwamba kalonga. Izi zikachitika, iye anangonena amakhala kamwa ya njira andale a m'dera mphamvu osankhika.

Nthawi ya ndewu

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) ankakhala pa nthawi imene Russia anachita nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Atangomva imfa ya bambo ake, Prince akulowa abale ake (Izyaslav ndi Vsevolod), kupambana chitsutso ndale ndi amalume ake Yuriya Dolgorukogo ndi kazembe wa Volyn dziko Andrei Vladimirovich. Pa mtengo ndi Pereyaslyavlskaya dziko. Ndipo mu 1141 Mstislavich nkhondo ndi Chernigov Olegovichy kuti ndi mwayi mkulu pansi pa Novgorod ndi Kiev wachifumu. Olegovichy yomweyo anatumiza kugonjetsa Smolensk. Patapita miyezi ingapo m'bale wake Rostislav Izyaslav anabzala kulamulira Novgorod m'bale wake, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Chernigov. Koma cholinga chachikulu Mstislavich - ndi Kyiv, imene nkhondo aukali Yuri Dolgoruky. zaka khumi inatenga nkhondoyi. Rostislav Izyaslav ndi anakwanitsa kugonjetsa dziko lapansi kuchokera Yaroslavl ndi Suzdal. Kulikonse komwe kutsutsa ndi kufunsa zotuluka pa mfundo Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Koma mu 1155 amalowerera analanda mpando Kiev.

Komabe, mgwirizano pakati pa mwana Mstislava Velikogo ndi Yuriem Dolgorukim kulimbikitsa kuti malire. Kiev kalonga osonyeza akalonga Polovtsian ndi akuwafunsa kuti bungwe ulendo pa Smolensk ukulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anatha kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake.

Koma Rostislav ulamuliro chosagwedera m'mayiko kum'mwera, ndipo amadziwa Yuri Dolgoruky, kotero mphwake ndi amalume anaganiza kugonja.

Mpando Kiev

Patapita nthawi, Rostislav Mstislavich pa maziko wofanana ndi m'bale wake ndi amalume kwenikweni amakhala wolamulira wa Kiev. Prince Smolensky zimapangitsa vassalage wake Ryazan dziko. Koma ndiye m'bale Izyaslav anafa. Ndipo mu 1157 anayamba ntchito ya ukulu waukulu Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Patapita zaka ziwiri, anthu a Kiev mwalamulo kupereka Rostislav kusamalira ukulu wawo pa maziko yekha. Iye amagwirizana.

Kutsatira miyambo, kalonga akutumiza mu Kiev akazembe awiri Smolensk ndi Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Iwo kupeza zimene mawu kutipatsa ufulu Rostislav ukulu chachikulu.

Mu ulamuliro mu Kiev

Atakhala pa mpando wachifumu, Rostislav Mstislavich watenga kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti Russia wakhala olemera ndi wotukuka boma. Iye anayesa kuletsa internecine nkhondo, kutsatira Russian dziko kuphatikiza ndondomeko. Kukhala pa helm mphamvu Kiev, mwana Mstislava Velikogo yochuluka kukula mwauzimu. Iye anakumana ndi mabishopu, nthaŵi zonse amauza kwa zakudya abbot Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Polycarp ndipo ngakhale kukonzekera malamulo awo kupatukana khungu mu obisika, kumene iye akanakhoza kukhala ndekha. Ndicho chifukwa Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch otchedwa achipembedzo. Kutsatira malamulo a mtendere ndi kutsimikizika, mkulu wa Russia wakhala anapambana kukhulupirirana ndi yonena za ambirimbiri olamulira a m'mayiko korona. Inde, ambiri akhoza kuphunzira kwa mwana wake Mstislava Velikogo bwanji kuti dera lanu bwino. Aliyense ankadziwa kuti iye anakhala pampando wachifumu wa Kiev, amene ali woyenera zimenezo. Kusagwirizana ndi nkhondo ayesera njira iliyonse kupewa Rostislav Mstislavich. The mfundo yachilendo wolamulira Russian analinso mwamtendere. Ngakhale ndi adani wosatha Polovtsy iye anayesera kuti kukulitsa Relations. Koma ndi ena akalonga appanage Polovtsian iye zina ankamenyana. Prince komanso bungwe nkhondo ndi Lithuania, ndi bwino kwambiri.

Novgorod

Pa chomaliza wa Board Rostislav Mstislavovitch mwana wake akuyamba aithamangitse nsonga ya Novgorod kuboma. Apo pakubwera nthawi pamene Svyatoslav (mwana Rostislav Mstislavovitch) sangathenso kulamulira mu ukulu palokha. Ndiye Kalonga wa Kiev pandekha anatumizidwa ku Novgorod, kuyanjanitsa nzika ndi mwana wake. Galimoto kudutsa Smolensk, anaona wosangalala wolamulira wawo ndi anthu ake anawalandira.

Koma kufika ku Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (Kalonga wa Kiev) zaneduzhil ndipo analamulira mtumiki wotumidwa kwa Novgorod mwana wake, kotero kuti iye anali kuimira Novgorod olemekezeka kukomana naye mu Great Luke. Patapita nthawi iye anali wokhoza kuti akayanjanitse Svyatoslav ndi nzika, kenako anapita ku Smolensk lakwawo, khalani pang'ono ndi mlongo wake Rogneda. Ngakhale matenda ake, Prince posachedwa anafulumira kupita ku Kiev, kunena zokhudza boma. Koma kufika iye ndi analephera "mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia." Rostislav Mstislavovich thanzi kwambiri atakula kwambiri, ndipo m'chaka cha 1167 pa dera la m'mudzi Zaruba (Smolensk) nthawi yake. Iye anali kuvomereza asanafe anadandaula wansembe Simeon kuti poyamba sanali ololedwa kuchita mwambo wa tonsure. thupi kalonga adaperekedwa kwa Kiev ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu obisika a Theodore, terepa ninga akhadalangambo. Mphamvu ya ukulu waukulu anali kupita kwa mwana wake Roma, amene analamulira Belgorod. Koma atamwalira Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), pakati pa mwana ndi akalonga Suzdal, amene anali kuyang'anira Andrew Bogolyubskii, zichitike kulimbana owawa mpando wachifumuwo.

banja

Tsatanetsatane wa banja la Kiev ndi Smolensk kazembe pafupifupi osadziwika. Adakali chinsinsi funso amene anakwatira Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk akalonga), ndi ngati iye anali mabanja ena. Kutchulidwa kwa ana ake kuonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba mu njira zaka 40-50 ya XII atumwi. Amadziwika kuti 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich anadalitsa ukwati wa mwana wake Roma, amene anakwatira mwana wa Svyatoslava Olgovicha, amene analamulira mayiko a Seversk. Mu 1154 Prince wa Kiev ndi Smolensk amapereka ana ake Davide ndi Roma cholowa Novgorod. Amene ali aakulu ndi amene ali wamng'ono - funso lofuna. Malinga ndi mbiri, Davide anabadwa mu 1140.

Mwana anafa 1170, koma sindikudziwa yemwe iye anali. Rostislav Mstislavovitch wamng'ono mwana, Mstislav Hrabry anabadwa m'ma 40s ndi m'ma 60s, anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa Gleb Rostislavich, amene analamulira dziko la Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry anatengera makhalidwe abwino a agogo ake. Kubatizidwa mwana wamng'ono Rostislav Mstislavovitch dzina lake Fedor.

Amadziwika kuti Kiev ndi Smolensk kalonga anali ndi ana asanu ndi ana aakazi awiri. Amati okha wina wamkazi, Elena. Mu 1163 anakhala mkazi Kalonga Kraków Leszek White, ndipo atamwalira mu 1194, Helen anakhala wolamulira zonse kunachitika mu mzinda Polish. Rostislav Mstislavovitch mwana wamkazi anamwalira mu 1198.

Pomaliza

Mu ulamuliro wa Kalonga wa Kiev ndi Smolensk kukhala wodziwika bwino mu mbiri ya Russia wakale. Iye anachita zimenezi kuti olamulira a maukulu idaleka kukangana pakati pawo. Rostislav Mstislavich - nthumwi ya mafumu kulamulira, amene poyamba sanali kuika zinthu payekha ndi anthu, mosiyana ndi achibale ake. Iye ngwokhoza kuukitsa ngakhale apamwamba mphamvu ya ulamuliro pamaso pa anthu wamba.