János Kadar. Wambiri Chihangare mtsogoleri wandale

János Kadar (zaka za moyo - 1912-1989) - chithunzi ndi osokoneza. The mabuku Russian Buku iwo akutchedwa States kwambiri ndi wandale, ndi ulamuliro wa Hungary anafika chitukuko zachuma. mabuku ena kuwasindikiza iye monga Stalinist, amene anayamba kulamulira pa bayonets a asilikali Union, protege a boma la Russia ndi kulinganiza kuphedwa Imre Nadya, ndi kutsitsidwa nduna yaikulu. Choncho amene anali Kadar, anali kupereka kwa Order "Hero wa Soviet Union"? M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kumvetsa mbiri yovuta.

ubwana

János Kadar anabadwa May 26, 1912. Iye anali mwana wapathengo la kapolo Barboly Chemranek kwa msilikali János Krezingera. Popeza kuti anabadwa mu dera la Austria-Hungary, mumzinda wa Fiume (lero Rijeka mu Croatia), mu kaundula olembedwa izo pansi pa dzina la Dzhovanni Dzhuzeppe Chemranek. Pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka zisanu, mayi ake anasamukira ku Budapest. Kusukulu ya pulayimale dziko anasonyeza mphamvu zapadera. Wophunzira bwino anam'tumiza maphunziro aulere mu sukulu zapamwamba mzinda. Komabe, vuto la zachuma m'banja kunali kovuta. János Chemranek khumi anaponya maphunziro ganyu wantchito mu osindikizira. Monga izi zikhoza kumveka zachilendo, koma Party Communist anam'bweretsera ... Chess. Young János ndi kutikonda kwambiri masewerawa. Tsiku lina zinachitika kuti apambane mpikisano ndi Chess. Monga mphoto, iye anapatsidwa buku la Chichewa 'Anti-Duhring. Ntchito imeneyi, mawu a Chemraneka zinasinthiratu maganizo ake.

Kulankhulana ndi Marxism

Pa mpikisano wa Chess János Kadar anapambana mu 1928, pamene Iye adali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi chokha. Iwo akamayamba lalikulu ndipo zikuluzikulu mavuto mu chuma dziko. Woyamba kukhala ndi maganizo kuwonongeka kwa ogwira ntchito malipiro ndi miyezo ya moyo. Young makaniko makina osindikizira anathandiza kupangitsa masewera padera ndi kumenya. Boma kuponderezedwa mwankhanza chionetsero antchito, ndipo ambiri comrades Chemraneka anamangidwa. Mu 1930, nyumba kusindikiza chinatsekedwa chifukwa mavutowo. Popeza lova Chemranek, chinamulowerera kwambiri ankatsutsa ku gulu la exploiters, Anakumana ndi kusiyana pamene Party Communist la Hungary. Mu 1931 analowa Komsomol khungu iwo. Sverdlov natenga mobisa dzina Barna (Brown). Kale mu May 1933 anakhala mu Komiti ya achinyamata phiko la Party Communist ku Budapest. The Soviet Union, umene mowolowa manja zimachokera ku bungwe, anamuitana kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Moscow, koma achinyamata Komsomol anakana.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

János Kadar, amene yonena ndi kuyambira tsopano zogwirizana ndi ndale, ngati Stalinist anayenera kanthu kotsutsa Soviet Union ndi Nazi Germany. Pa nthawi imene iye anali kale anasintha Party Communist, kujowina mu 1935 mu mabungwe mabungwe a Democrats Social. Pali anapanganso ntchito yake ndi kutsogolera selo SDPH. Ndipotu nkhondo lonse anali membala ofunda wa Czechoslovak "kukana", koma pali ntchito yapadera anali sanachite. Patapita zaka propaganda chikominisi mwiniwakeyo mudziwe, kuti iye analenga antifascist Chihangare Front, koma palibe ntchito za bungwe ili palibe lokhazikika. Mu makumi anai oyambirira anasintha, ndi Democrats Social, kachiwiri zinalembedwa tizilombo Komiti ya Party Communist la Hungary. Kachiwiri, ntchito loti anavula: mu 1942 iye anali m'Komiti ya Central, ndipo mu 1943 - Mlembi wa CPV Committee Central.

Ntchito mu Soviet Union

Mu April 1944 Yanosh Kadar, anamangidwa ku Serbia chifukwa chothaŵa. Iye anathawa. Akuthawa, iye anatenga dzina lina - Kadar (Cooper), amene tsopano anakhala dzina lake. Mu April 1964 utsogoleri ndiye Soviet pofuna kuika anali ofanana ndi "chabwino womenya ndi Fascism", anali kupereka mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union ndi kupereka lapadera kwambiri pa nthawi ya mphoto - ndi Order la Lenin ndi Mendulo "Gold Star". Pamene Hungary anamasulidwa ku fascism, Kadar, pa nthawi imeneyo kale NKVD wothandizira, anasankhidwa kukhala Assembly Transitional National ndi membala wa Bureau Political a Komiti chapakati cha Party Communist (CPSU). Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito yake mofulumira anapita mmwamba. Mu 1946 anakhala wachiwiri General Mlembi wa CPSU. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira 1945 mpaka mu 1948, iye akutumikira monga mlembi wa komiti mzinda wa likulu. Kenako, mu August 1948, anaikidwa nduna ya za M'dziko. Mu ntchito iyi, iye anayambitsa amangidwe Laszlo Rajko, akumunena ntchito odana Soviet. Kukhala akunyoza angathe Matthias Stalinist Rakosi, Kadar inachotsedwa ofesi ndipo iye anakhala wamndende wa m'ndendeyo. Ufulu atamasulidwa yekha mu 1956.

János Kadar: wandale zokomera boma

Ali Hungary akamayamba kusakhutira ndi chitsanzo Soviet wa bungwe. membala wa boma Imre Nadya mwachangu ankalimbikitsa mogwirizana ndi mabungwe malonda, amasulidwe akayidi andale, chiyembekezo chakuti ya kufufuza. János Kadar poyamba kuthandiza bwinobwino Inde ndale, ndipo ngakhale ananena kuti isiya thupi lake loyamba Russian thanki kuti mitanda malire a Hungary. Motero, iye mwamsanga ntchito, ndi October 30, 1956 anaikidwa Minister pa nduna ya, lotsogoledwa ndi Nadia. Koma loyamba la November Kadar akapulumuka kwa Hungary mu Uzhgorod akukumana ndi Nikitoy Hruschevym, nzakucokera umboni wosatsutsika wakuti mapangidwe boma, olamulidwa ndi Soviet Union. Patapita mlungu umodzi, anayamba kulamulira akasinja Soviet anabwerera ku Budapest.

Nthawi ya "goulash chikominisi"

November 8, 1956 Kadar analengeza kudzitengera mphamvu. Nagy ndi anzake anathawira ku dera la Yugoslavia ofesi ya kazembe. Kadar analonjeza anzake akale chikhululukiro zonse. Koma pamene Nadia anasiya akazembe, anamangidwa ndi kunyongedwa patapita zaka ziwiri. Komabe, János Kadar, chithunzi cha amene adakali adzalemekezedwa ndi mbadwo akulu a Hungarians, anali wandale aluso. M'nkhani ya Prague Spring , iye anatha Finyani kunja kwa bwenzi lake lalikulu, Soviet Union, ubwino pazipita kwa dziko. Cheap Soviet mpweya ndi liberalization za chuma, Hungary ndi lotseguka kwa alendo a ku bloc capitalist apanga dziko zambiri kapena osauka. Nthawi ya "goulash chikominisi" zinatha ngakhale pamaso pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Kale mu May 1988, Kadar linamasuka, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, lachisanu ndi chimodzi wa July, anafa.