Ionosphere - ndi chiyani ichi? zigawo ionospheric

m'mlengalenga ndi zigawo zingapo ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. The stratosphere, exosphere, troposphere, ionosphere, ndi zigawo zina kuteteza moyo wonse pa dziko ku cheza yovuta dziko. Si onse amene ali wapangidwa mpweya ndalama zokwanira kupuma. Koma aliyense amagwira ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, ionosphere - ndi wosanjikiza ulemu wa mlengalenga kumtunda 50 Km. Iwo otchedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ayoni anapanga chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi cheza dzuwa. Iwo kusunga kwambiri cheza cha dziko.

Ionosphere: zikuchokera

Izi wosanjikiza mlengalenga imakhala mipweya. Pali zinthu zochepa, chotero kuyankhula za mpweya woonda kwambiri pa okwera izi. N'chifukwa chake flights malo zimenezi sizingatheke. Ambiri ionosphere dziko lapansi lili maatomu ndale wa asafe ndi oxygen. Koma dongosolo amafotokoza - ndi quasineutral plasma, amene chiwerengero cha particles ndithu mlandu pafupifupi wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha zoipa mlandu. ayoni oterowo kuwonjezeka ndi mtunda kuchokera Earth. Choncho, ionosphere limatchedwa madzi a m'magazi m'chimake a Dziko Lapansi.

Kapangidwe zoyambirira za ionosphere ku makilomita 50 100 pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi - ndi mpweya, asafe ndi sodium wochuluka. Koma pambuyo 100 Km iwo anayamba kulamulira hydrogen ndi helium.

mafotokozedwe a dzina

The ionosphere - wosanjikiza m'mlengalenga, otchedwa chifukwa cha digiri yapamwamba ya ionization. Ndi gwero la ake X-ray ndi ultraviolet kuwala. Ayoni - ndi zoipa mlandu ma elekitironi. Mu ionosphere ndi, maganizo awo ndi mkulu. Mlingo wa ayoni pang'ono bwanji magnetosphere dziko lapansi. Koma kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi ionized zambiri kumawonjezera pa ndimakwiya, komanso chifukwa ndimeyi m'mbuyomu Earth matupi osiyanasiyana lakumwamba Mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa miyala yochokera particles. Namasiku, palibe cheza dzuwa pa mlingo ionization pamudzipo galactic cheza dziko.

Ndimakwiya kutsogolera chakuti otaya yalunjika Lapansi pulayimale particles - mapulotoni, ma elekitironi. Zikukhudzira zigawo zonse za m'mlengalenga. Koma ambiri cheza yovuta anachedwa mu ionosphere lapansi. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera ionization ake.

Kuphunzira ionosphere ndi

wosanjikiza Izi mpweya wa anali wapezeka kumayambiriro asayansi m'ma 20 E. Appleton, Barnet M., ndi M. G. Breit Tuve. Iwo anapeza kuti pamalo okwera makilomita 50 kuchokera pali wosanjikiza mpweya kuwalitsa mphepo. Iye anayamba kuona. Iwo wapezeka kuti ionosphere zonse zimasiyanasiyana. Ngakhale m'masiku a kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe ena ake kusintha. milingo yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya mu zavsimosti msinkhu. Choncho, ionosphere lagawidwa zigawo zitatu.

Koma bwinobwino makhalidwe a mbali imeneyi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu angakhululukire yekha mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20. Tinkaphunzira ndi okwerera lapadziko ionospheric. Kenako anayamba kufufuza izo kuchokera mkati. Choyamba roketi, ndiyeno makina anakwera m'mwamba. Ndipo anthu anazindikira zimene ionosphere. kapangidwe kake anali ankafufuza ntchito mivi ndi misa spectrometer. N'zothekanso kuyeza magawo ena:

• kutentha;
• ion ndende;
• magetsi madutsidwe;
• magwero ionization;
• kwambiri dzuwa.

Kufufuza ionosphere amagwiritsidwanso ntchito njira wailesi - kuphunzira mafunde anasonyeza wailesi. Ndipo posachedwapa anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina pa bolodi amene okwerera ndi probes akuyendayenda ionosphere kuchokera kumwamba. Zimenezi zinathandiza lingaliro la wosanjikiza ake ulemu, sangakhoze anaphunzira ku Earth.

zigawo ionospheric

Ndi mbali ya mpweya ndi si yunifolomu. Mmenemo ndi zigawo zitatu ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana ionization ndi mpweya osalimba.

• Mu wosanjikiza m'munsi, anakafika ku makilomita 90, ndi ionization kuthungo. mpweya ndi ionized mchikakamizo cha mkuntho maginito, dziko lapansi, komanso ndi X-ray dzuwa. Choncho usiku ionization ngakhale zambiri yafupika.
• Wosanjikiza lachiwiri makilomita 90 kuti 120. Iwo amakhala ndi osalimba zikutanthauza wa ayoni, amene kwambiri kuchuluka masana ndi cheza dzuwa. Mu wosanjikiza ichi, zimaonekera mafunde pakati ndi waufupi wailesi. gawo akutchedwa ionosphere wosanjikiza Kennelly-Heaviside, amene anayamba kuphunzira izo.
• Otsala a ionosphere pamwamba makilomita 130 wosanjikiza lachitatu. Mlingo pazipita ionization zimawonedwa pamalo okwera makilomita pafupifupi 200. wosanjikiza Izi zimathandiza popereka yochepa yoweyula mphepo pa ataliatali. Ine anatsegula English sayansi Appleton wosanjikiza.

ndi ozoni Kodi

Pansipa ionosphere ndi Mpweya umene. Kumatetezera Earth ku mavuto cheza UV ndi ku imfa kutentha. Asayansi asonyeza kuti Mpweya umene n'kopindulitsa zamoyo zonse. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kapena ayi kungasokoneze thanzi la anthu. Mpweya umene mabowo, amene anatulukira m'zaka 20 mochedwa, kuchititsa kuchuluka khansa. Asayansi ena amagwirizana ndi njira amenewa ndi mpweya woipawu padziko lapansi, ndi chiwonongeko cha ionized chapamwamba zigawo mumlengalenga, yomwe kukhala zoipa ultraviolet poizoniyu pochitika.

Zotsatira za ionosphere pa wailesi

A digiri yapamwamba ya ionization za mlengalenga mu wosanjikiza imeneyi ya mpweya imene ingakhudze wailesi. Moyipa mlandu particles kusuntha mosintha angasinthe malangizo a mphepo ndipo ngakhale awo kuyamwa mphamvu. Chifukwa, pali umboni phokoso, mofulumira zosakhalitsa wailesi kapena M'malo mwake, kuchuluka okwerera slishimosti lakutali wailesi.

Asayansi taonetsa kuti ionosphere - ndi wosanjikiza wa mlengalenga, ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kafalitsidwe wa mphepo. Izo zinachitika kuti chifukwa izi radoivolnam ndi mzere uwu mu 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 linatsegulidwa.

Pakuti HIV bwino kwambiri mphepo pa ataliatali muyenera kupeza mfundo mu refraction ionosphere, chinyezimiro limene iwo apeza kuti pamalo amene mukufuna. Vuto lina n'lakuti ena a mphamvu ndi chosakanikirana ndi ayoni zoipa mlandu. Zokhudzana ndi izi chodabwitsa kumene timaganiza ndi mofulumira damped mu ionosphere, ndipo anadutsa bwino kochepa. Komanso, wailesi kulankhulana chatsitsa namondwe maginito, imene ionization yafupika.

Chiwonongeko cha ionosphere ndi

Aliyense akudziwa chimene dziko likusowa m'mlengalenga. The ionosphere ali yemweyo - ndi wosanjikiza zoteteza zigawo zina cheza yovuta akunja. Choncho, n'kofunika kuti kapangidwe kake anakhalabe pa mlingo yachibadwa. Koma zochita za anthu zisakuyenda kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti wosanjikiza izi mpweya wa amayamba kutha. Mwachitsanzo, pamene akuthamanga danga zasayansi "Skayleb" mu ionosphere ndi ejected ndalama yaikulu wa hydrogen.

boosters ena osati zochepa chikoka pa zikuchokera m'mlengalenga. Space "Olumikiza" chitaya pa kuyaka ndi wambirimbiri chlorine, carbon monoxide okusayidi zotayidwa, haidrojeni. A "Energia" - kwambiri nitrogen oxide. Zonsezi wawononga zigawo yogwira ionosphere, ndipo amachepetsa chiwerengero cha ozoni. yotsalira mafuta kwa nthawi yaitali kudziunjikira m'mwamba. Makamaka ambiri a iwo ali stratosphere. The ionosphere amakhudzidwa kwambiri kusintha kapangidwe kake, kotero ayoni akuthamangira anawonongedwa.

Iwo likukhalira kuti pamene inu muyenda spacecraft pamodzi njira lonse la ndege kulowera aumbike, otchedwa dzenje ionospheric. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kuwala kwa dziko amatha kulowa mu mlengalenga ndi kufika padziko lapansi, zikuwononga moyo zamoyo zonse.

magetsi kumpoto

Ionosphere - malo imapanga chodabwitsa ngati zozizwitsa za borealis Aurora. Zimachitika mchikakamizo cha kutentha kwa malo. Pamene danga mlandu particles kusamukira ku dziko lapansi ali mu zigawo chapamwamba ionosphere, ndi perturbation wa ayoni kumachitika, zomwe pansi amaona ngati wokongola konyezimira. Ndipotu ndondomeko izi neutralizing mu vortices ionosphere mlandu particles kudza kwa dzuwa. Ngati osati wosanjikiza ichi "mphepo dzuwa" akamuononge zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi.