Hyperkinetic syndrome. ADHD syndrome. Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo

syndrome Hyperkinetic ndi lero mmodzi wa matenda ambiri khalidwe ana ndi achinyamata. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana, matenda izi ndi pafupifupi 3 20% ophunzira kubwera ku phwando kwa dokotala wa. Chifukwa cha mawonetseredwe matenda kusokonezedwa ndi khalidwe loipa, nkhawa kapena makhalidwe yosadziwika monga zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi kulalikira mwakhama.

Koma chifukwa ena ogwira wanzeru mbali angathe kusiyanitsa matenda. Timaphunzira zizindikiro zake ndi mmene matenda ndi kuchitira ADHD.

Hyperkinetic syndrome. Tanthauzo ndi kuchuluka ana

Hyperkinetic syndrome - izi ndi imodzi mwa ambiri matenda khalidwe kunachitika ubwana ndi unyamata. Monga matenda ena ambiri maganizo, zikuoneka ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndiponso nkhawa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa tcheru kuchepekedwa matenda ofuntha (ADHD kwa lalifupi).

Kawirikawiri kuphwanya izi zimachitika mu ana a zaka sukulu. Kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kwa khumi ndi awiriwo, pafupipafupi ake zimasiyanasiyana 3 20% ya achinyamata amene akudwala. Ndipo mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo ADHD amapezeka kwambiri kamodzikamodzi - pa 1.5-2% ya ana. Pankhaniyi zikuoneka anyamata za 3-4 nthawi zambiri kuposa atsikana.

zizindikiro

Monga tanenera kale, syndrome hyperkinetic ana kumaonekera ntchito kwenikweni chodziwa ndi irritability. Childs, izi zimachitika mwamsanga nthawi sukulu. Koma nthawi zizindikiro ndi inati kale pa chaka wachitatu kapena wachinayi wa moyo.

Ngati ife kulankhula za maonekedwe woyamba wa matendawa, n'zotheka kudziwa tilinazo kuchuluka zikuchitika kuti kumachitika ngakhale wakhanda. Ana otere amakhala tcheru kuwala, phokoso kapena kusintha kutentha. ADHD syndrome limapezekanso m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa pa maso ndi maloto, nsalu kukana ndi zizindikiro zina.

Mu sukulu oyambirira zaka zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Kusapezeka-ino. Mwana sangathe kuganizira nkhani iliyonse, sindingathe kumvera mphunzitsiyo kwa nthawi yaitali.
2. kukumbukira kuwonongeka. Chifukwa cha ADHD poipa junior sekondale wophunzira amaphunzira maphunziro.
3. Impulsiveness. Mwana amakhala fussy ndi okonda. Nthawi zambiri imeneyi yafotokozedwera kulephera kumvera mapeto, kuyembekezera zidzatha. Zochita za mwana nthawi zambiri unmotivated ndi mosayembekezereka.
4. kugona chisokonezo.
5. Maganizo matenda: wamtima wapachala, mokwiya, kunyoza kapena, Kapenanso, zoona tearfulness.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ana ambiri sukulu ndi vuto la mgwirizano kayendedwe. Kumaonekera mwa mavuto ndi kulemba, mitundu, zingwe shoelaces. Pali kuyan'anila za okhudza malo co-Kudzozedwa.

Zoyambitsa ndi zinthu zokhudza pakutchulidwa wa ADHD

Zikamera chidwi kuchepekedwa ofuntha matenda zimakhudza zinthu zambiri:

1. mavuto osiyanasiyana mimba. A amphamvu ndi yokhalitsa toxemia kapena BP mu mayi tsogolo zingachititse ADHD ana.
2. Salimbikitsa moyo pa mimba. N'zodziwikiratu kuti palibe chinsinsi chimene mowa kapena kusuta zingathe kusokoneza tsamba ziwalo ndi machitidwe a mwanayo tsogolo (kuphatikizapo wamanjenje dongosolo). Komanso, zinthu n'zothandiza vuto hyperkinetic, monga katundu ntchito thupi kapena maganizo.
3. Mochedwa kapena mofulumira yobereka akhoza kungasokoneze kakulidwe ka mwana.
4. Chinthu Social. mavuto khalidwe ndi irritability nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti zinthu akumane m'banja kapena kusukulu. Motero, thupi amayesa kulimbana ndi vuto zopanikiza. Palokha, chinthu ichi zingachititse ADHD, koma akhoza kwambiri kumapangitsanso zizindikiro zake.

Komabe, zinthu zokhazo ndi woona wa syndrome hyperkinetic sanayambebe kuwululidwa.

ADHD kapena makhalidwe?

Nthawi zambiri, kupeza impulsivity mwanayo, ndipo ntchito kwambiri, makolo amaganiziridwa iye anali ADHD. Koma musaiwale kuti mwana aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, mbali khalidwe la choleric basi impulsivity, mtima ndi incontinence. Ndipo sanguine ing'onoing'ono kulephera kuganizira kalasi imodzi ndi kufunika pafupipafupi kusinthana ndi ntchito ina.

Choncho, pamaso akuchenjeza, tiyenera tione mwana wanu angakhale kuti khalidwe lake - izo zangokhala kusonyeza makhalidwe. Komanso, makamaka zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale amafuna yaing'ono kukumbukira zotsalira ndi otsika zinthu mosiyana. makhalidwe amenewa kusintha pang'onopang'ono akamakula. Komanso pa nthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri anati m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa ndi impulsiveness. Child zaka 7 komabe sungathe kusamalira yaitali pa chinthu chimodzi.

Chinthu china ndi chakuti mu ADHD, zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri kutchulidwa. Ngati Komabe, mwakhama limodzi ndi kwina yathu ino ndi yofunika kukumbukira kuwonongeka kapena kugona, ndi bwino kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri.

diagnostics

Kodi kudziwa ADHD lero? Kuonetsetsa lilipo, komanso mudzapeza ngati iye sali limodzi ndi matenda ena ovuta kwambiri amene amafuna loyamba la katswiriyu ana onse mokambilana ndi. Mabuku kafukufuku zidzaphatikizapo magawo angapo.

Choyamba, pali matenda enieni zotengera malingaliridwe. Dokotala kufufuza mwanayo ndipo wanyamula kukambirana ndi makolo, imene n'chakuti njira ya mimba, pobereka ndi kukula.

Kenako, mwana akupemphedwa mayeso angapo maganizo. Choncho anayeza tcheru, kukumbukira ndi kukhazikika m'maganizo. Pakafukufuku cholinga mayesero oterewo akutsatiridwa okha ana okulirapo kuposa zaka zisanu.

Matenda chomaliza ndi electroencephalography. Mothandizidwa ndi pafupifupi ntchito za kotekisi oziziritsa, atathana kuyan'anila zotheka. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kumupima, adokotala akhoza kupanga matenda ndipo ngati n'koyenera, mankhwala mankhwala. Mmisiri waluso amaona makhalidwe a m'badwo m'sukulu za pulayimale ndipo amatha kusiyanitsa iwo ku mawonetseredwe matenda.

Chifukwa zizindikiro za matenda hyperkinetic zambiri zimachitika mwamsanga sukulu ya mkaka, nkofunika kuti sukulu ndi aphunzitsi anatha oterewa. Mwa njira, aphunzitsi zambiri ntchito Atchule vutoli kuposa makolo awo.

Kodi hyperkinetic mtima syndrome?

Pali matenda ndi dzina zofanana, zomwe si bwanji khalidwe la. Izi hyperkinetic mtima syndrome. Chakuti, mosiyana ndi matenda khalidwe, ADHD ndi kuti ali mmodzi mwa maonekedwe a autonomic kukanika, womwe ndi kuphwanya mtima. Zilibe zimachitika ana, koma makamaka anyamata. Popeza matenda awa zambiri osati limodzi ndi zizindikiro iliyonse, tingaone kokha pamene cholinga zoona.

Ndi mankhwala

Ngati akatswiri onani, akuyendayenda syndrome hyperkinetic, mankhwala a matendawa ayenera kukhala zovuta. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pamene bwino anapezeka ndi ntchito yawo amakhala kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ndi zotsatira symptomatic. Iwo kuletsa maonekedwe a syndrome ndi kwambiri atsogolere kukula kwa mwanayo.

mankhwala ayenera anawonjezera, kuyambira n'kofunika osati kuchotsa zizindikiro, komanso kuti alimbikitse zotsatira analandira. Usadalire mankhwala wowerengeka, ndiye dokotala akhoza kusankha mankhwala abwino ndi mankhwala mankhwala.

Psychological kudzudzulidwa

Wina zikuluzikulu za mankhwalawa ADHD ndi thandizo maganizo. zaka mwana 7 makamaka afunika thandizo, monga chaka choyamba maphunziro ndi nthawi yovuta kwa wophunzira onse ndi kholo. Makamaka ngati pali ofuntha. Mu nkhani iyi, kudzudzulidwa maganizo pakufunika kupanga luso mwanayo kuti muzilankhulana bwino ndi anzawo komanso achibale.

izo kumaphatikizapo mogwirizana kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi ndi makolo. Mwana amafunikira kumusamalira zonse ndi Banja, komanso nawo tcheru pa mbali ya aphunzitsi.

Kodi ADHD akuluakulu?

Maonekedwe a ADHD pang'onopang'ono yafupika, kuyambira unyamata. Choyamba, yafupika ofuntha ndi chidwi matenda - mu Mwachitsanzo lomaliza. Komabe, pafupifupi makumi awiri pa zana a anthu anapezeka ndi matenda hyperkinetic, zizindikiro zina wake apitiriza mukadzakula.

Nthawi zina, pali chizolowezi khalidwe sakonda, uchidakwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Choncho zizindikiro ADHD ayenera yomweyo matenda ndi kutengedwera.

Nsonga makolo

Kodi makolo ayenera kuchita ngati mwana ADHD syndrome anapeza? Choyamba, muyenera kulenga asamavutike m'nyumba. Nkofunika kutsatira ulamuliro wa tsiku - choncho mwanayo adzakhala mwabata ndi mosamala kwambiri.

Popeza kuti ADHD amasonyeza kulalikira mwakhama, m'pofunika kuti alembetse mwanayo gawo masewera. Ambiri, masewera aliyense chidwi kwambiri kusintha mkhalidwe wa mwana. Kulankhulana ndi mwana ayenera kukhala wodekha ndi wochezeka. Koma chala sayenera kulangidwa, chifukwa iwo akadali sakhala, ndi chisamaliro, chithandizo ndi chisamaliro cha makolo kumathandiza zofunika kwambiri.