Histidine: chilinganizo, zochita mankhwala

Aliyense wa ife kamodzi pa moyo ndinaganiza za zakudya wake. Apa Mwachitsanzo, kodi ponseponse tsiku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika ndi thupi timapeza ndi chakudya? ndi amino zidulo tiyenera ndi zomwe ziti? Lero, ife, ndithudi, tiyeni tikambirane za zakudya zoyenerera lonse, kuyambira ichi pang'ono ndi nkhani ngakhale khumi. Timauza kokha chinthu chimodzi, amene Mosakayika zofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Izi kwa amino asidi histidine. Dzinali mankhwala zikumveka zovuta - L-2-kwa amino-3- (1h-imidazol-4-yl) propanoic acid. Koma zinthu oyamba.

ndi kwa amino zidulo chiyani?

Tisanakambirane katundu wa histidine ndi udindo ake mu thupi, ife adzamvetsa ndi mawu akuti "kwa amino asidi". Anthu amene amakonda masewera, tamva za zinthu izi. Asidi kwa amino ndi pawiri organic ndi magulu awiri zofunika zinchito zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti lapadera: ndi kwa amino gulu -NH _2, ndi otchedwa carboxyl gulu -COOH.

Woyamba ndi amene katundu yaikulu ya kalasi lodabwitsa mankhwala. Chifukwa asafe ndi ake awiri kwa amino asidi ma elekitironi akhoza kupanga zabwino mlandu ayoni. Pamene gulu kwa amino ndi wotembenuka pano mu ion amenewa: -NH ₃ ^+.

The chachiwiri zinchito gulu lilonse kuti katundu acid. Iwo amatha kupereka ndi pulotoni, kukhala anion -COO ^-. Chotero chodabwitsa ndi limathandiza kupanga salt ndi gulu carboxyl mbali.

Choncho, kwa amino asidi lili ndi magawo awiri, omwe amatha kupanga salt. Mmodzi wa iwo amapereka katundu wa mankhwala awa, zidulo, ndi zina - malo. Nthawi zambiri, kwa amino asidi akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati: NH ₂ -CH (R) -COOH. Letter R bwino monga "kwakukulu", i.e. tinthu aliyense organic wopangidwa mwa magulu zinchito ndi mpweya mafupa ndiponso wamphamvu kupanga ubale (kapena kumangidwa) kwa gawo lapansi molekyulu kwa amino acid.

Monga ulamuliro, ngakhale anthu amene sali bwino mankhwala ndipo alibe chidwi masewera, kamodzi anamva, osachepera ku malonda, kuti kwa amino zidulo tiyenera ndipo n'zothandiza kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone chimene ntchito zimagwira thupi ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuwatengera iwo mkati mlingo chofunika chakudya.

Kwa amino zidulo ntchito mu thupi

Monga mukudziwa, ife tonse amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ndipo monga ife kuwanyeketsa iwo monga chakudya kukhalabe viability ake. Koma mutu wa nkhani ino, timasamala mapuloteni okha. Ichi ndi molekyulu yaikulu, kugwira ntchito chosiyana ndi zofunika kwambiri m'thupi mwathu: zoyendera zinthu, chilengedwe cha maselo atsopano, cholimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa pakati manyuroni ubongo. ife tikuzikamba osati zomanga thupi. chakuti zinthu zonse izi zapangidwa ndi amino zidulo, awa angathe kukhala histidine. Chilinganizo ngakhale mapuloteni losavuta limapangidwa zidulo osachepera khumi kwa amino, chikugwirizana mu unyolo polypeptide. Aliyense ali ndi dongosolo chake ndi mawonekedwe kuti amalola kuti achite ntchito chomwe chinalengedwa ndi chikhalidwe.

histidine

Ndondomeko zikuphatikizapo asidi kwa amino iliyonse, monga taonera, magulu osachepera awiri zinchito ndi mpweya mafupa, kulumikiza iwo. N'chifukwa chake kusiyana pakati zidulo onse kwa amino (zomwe, poyamba, chapeza kale ochepa miliyoni) ndi kutalika kwa mpweya mlatho pakati pa magulu awiri a dongosolo kwakukulu, adjoint kwa izo.

Mutu wa nkhani ino - ndi imodzi mwa kwa amino zidulo - histidine. Chilinganizo asidi chofunika kovuta. Waukulu mpweya unyolo pakati pa magulu awiri zinchito tikuona imodzi yokha mpweya atomu. Ndipotu proteinogenic zofunika (angathe kulenga mapuloteni) amino zidulo komanso mmodzi mpweya atomu mu unyolo. Komanso, histidine ali ndi dongosolo zovuta kwakukulu kupanga mkombero. Pamwamba inu mukhoza kuona kuti ndi histidine. Chilinganizo, structural mbali imene imakhala mu heterocycle ndi (kulolerana maatomu ena kupatula mpweya), kwenikweni osati chinthu chovuta.

Choncho, kamodzi takambirana mfundo zazikulu, tiyeni tisunthire kwa zochita kuti angathe kuchitidwa paokha ndi histidine a.

katundu mankhwala

Chisoni zimafunika asidi izi kwa amino, ali osowa ndithu. zochita nanu zidulo ndi zapansi, izo alowa biuret anachita kupanga mankhwala achikuda. Komanso, histidine, amene chilinganizo zikuphatikizapo zatsalira kwa imidazole akhoza anachitira ndi asidi sulphanilic mu Pauli anachita.

Pomaliza

Mwina mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu ife ankaiphwasula. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani anali zothandiza kwa inu ndi kukupatsani zinthu zatsopano.